I have not read many ancient historical books, but I know two so far: 1. Sakyamuni, the founder of Indian Buddhism, the historical prototype of the Tathagata in Journey to the West. An unforeseen accident caused the death of the 80-year-old Sakyamuni.

Author: The Flying Scroll

Source: Scholars’ research articles, the Internet, etc.

Who are the masters of Buddhism and Taoism who have been poisoned? I have not read many ancient historical books, and I know two of them so far:

1. The founder of Indian Buddhism - Sakyamuni , the historical prototype of Tathagata in Journey to the West.

Poisoning type: poisonous mushroom (poisonous mushroom) poisoning

Specific mushroom type: unknown.

"Buddhist Scriptures" have records.

According to the fourth recitation of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, the "Buddha"'s actions from Gantu Village to Jiguda River are recorded.

An unexpected accident caused the death of the 80-year-old Sakyamuni.

(original meaning):

- When the Buddha was 80, he led his disciples to Vaishya Li city to preach. In the city of Pava in the Kingdom of South Africa, the Buddha and his party lived in the nunnery of Cunda , the son of a blacksmith (blacksmith). died of food poisoning due to accidental consumption of the food "Sandalwood fungus antler" donated by the blacksmith Blunt Tuo.

(Original text description):

"The World Honored One was being trained by Cunda, the forger, and became seriously ill from time to time. Red blood burst out, and he was in severe pain and was on the verge of death..."

After coming out of the blacksmith's house, Sakyamuni began to have severe abdominal pain, and then he became dizzy. He went to the toilet over and over again, and the blood came out.

The students were panicked and shouted to go to the city to find a doctor.

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Sakyamuni waved his hand and said to Ananda:

"Ananda, take off this cassock from me, fold it into four piles, and spread it next to this tree. I am too tired and want to sit against the tree for a while."

Ananda did as he was told. Sakyamuni sat next to the tree, breathing heavily and looking very painful.

After resting for a while, Sakyamuni was thirsty and asked Ananda to get him some water. Since there was no one nearby, Ananda went to the river to scoop a bowl of water. Sakyamuni took the bowl, drank it in a gulp, struggled to stand up, and continued to move forward with the students.

When everyone reached the bank of the Kalleniyevati River, Sakyamuni could no longer walk. He lay down between two sal trees and fell into a deep sleep, never waking up again.

(The Buddha ate "mushrooms"? "Sandalwood mushrooms"" (Wild mushrooms? According to "Jueyin", it is interpreted as "wild mutton". is also translated as "dried wild boar meat") ". Because of this translation, some historians understand that Sakyamuni ate "deadly diseased pork" and died of pig dysentery, which is wrong.) The sleeping position of "Buddha" during his "Nirvana" is the side-lying that ordinary people are very familiar with.

Few people have noticed that Siddhartha did not pretend to be mysterious when he died. "Sitting cross-legged", but lying down like an ordinary person.

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Article about hallucinogenic mushroom poisoning (click the link to view):

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I don’t know how much LSD is contained in a pound (500 grams) of Jianshouqing I ate. This question can only be left to the experts. But how toxic LSD is, I can popularize it here:

New drug LSD, commonly known as "stamp" : As a new drug, "stamp" is a semi-synthetic hallucinogen whose main ingredient is lysergic acid diethylamide. A few micrograms are enough to cause hallucinations. After use, the heartbeat usually accelerates, blood pressure rises, and acute schizophrenia and strong hallucinations occur, causing a huge psychological gap. . This drug is extremely toxic, 3 times more toxic than ordinary ecstasy.. The new drug "stamps" are usually small pieces of paper that are almost smaller than a fingernail.

LSD dosage forms found on the illegal market are generally in paper form (such as stamp type) or capsules. Holding a "stamp" of about 1 square centimeter in the mouth can cause people to have strong hallucinations, and in severe cases, thoughts of suicide. Some people have even committed suicide by jumping off a building after taking it.

. . .

(3) The toad spider poison contained in Jianshouqing:

can cause serious damage to the human heart, digestive tract and central nervous system . Symptoms mainly include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. In severe cases, coma may occur, and even death due to respiratory and circulatory failure. There is currently no specific treatment .

Toad spider poison can poison people. There are many cases of eating toads poisoning people. Here are some news for you:

. According to Harbin News Network, at noon on the 12th, Qin, who lives in the suburbs of Harbin, went to the farmland to do farm work. A toad jumped over his feet. With quick hands and eyes, he caught the toad. Qin's family has a difficult life, and it is difficult to provide nutrition to their two-year-old son. That night, Qin personally cooked and stewed the toad, and Qin's wife specially put the toad seeds into his son's mouth. Qin's wife also tasted the remaining toad meat. Two hours later, Qin's wife and two-year-old son both developed abnormal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting, and were sent to The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The child had stopped breathing when he arrived at the hospital. Qin’s wife was out of danger after treatment.

. News Review: Greedy for wild game and mistakenly eating a toad, the husband died and the wife was injured. The yin and yang are separated.

On October 19, 2008, a Chongqing couple He Yong and Zeng Qingping who were working in Huadu District, Guangzhou accidentally ate a toad, which led to the death of the husband and the injury of the wife. It is understood that He Yong and his wife went to the nearby Yayao Comprehensive Market early in the morning on the 19th and bought 8 toads that were mistaken for "wild frogs" at a price of ten yuan per catty, intending to improve their food. But less than half an hour after the meal, the couple suddenly felt dizzy, chest tightness, numbness in the limbs and vomiting. After being sent to the hospital, He Yong failed to resuscitate him and died at 6 o'clock that night.. Because my wife ate less, her life is now out of danger. It took less than 3 hours from the time the couple discovered the poisoning to when the husband was confirmed to be dead.

. . .

Everyone who has been here knows how scary and dangerous it is:

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However, most people still take luck and think that the problem is not that serious. Maybe you can only know it after you actually encounter it, but it’s too late to regret it! "You will not give up until you reach the Yellow River, and you will not look back until you hit the south wall." This is the tragedy and greatest weakness of human nature.

2. Taoism The Seventh Patriarch of Quanzhen Sect - Wang Chuyi

Type of poisoning: poisonous wine poisoning

Type of poisonous wine: unknown. Poison wine, search on Baidu, also called Poison wine, has been mentioned as early as in "Zuo Zhuan". If you scratch the wine with the feathers of poisonous bird , the wine will be highly poisonous and it will be poisonous wine. Drinking it will kill you immediately. There is no such bird found in modern times.

鸩, recorded in the fifth volume of " Classic of Mountains and Seas ", Zhongshan Jing, and in the eight middle chapters of Zhongshan Classic. It lives in the area of ​​ female mountain . The mountain is covered with exquisite jade, and the foot of the mountain is rich in gold. According to the "Book of Mountains and Seas", the rhinoceros is slightly larger than an eagle, about the same size as an eagle, with purple-black feathers, a long neck, and a red beak. Legend has it that poisonous snakes eat poisonous snakes, and the venom of snakes penetrates into every organ of the bird's body, including its beak and feathers.

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Schematic route map of "The Classic of Mountains and Seas"

Legend has it that the ponds where the poisonous birds drank from are poisonous, and other animals will surely die if they drink from them.

Ancient people once soaked the feathers of poisonous birds in poisonous wine to make poisonous wine to poison others. Later, poisonous wine developed into a general term for poison, so that later, wine concocted with highly toxic poisons could be called "poisonous wine".

But whether this animal exists still needs to be verified. Some people speculate that there is another possibility: the poisonous bird was originally a rare animal, and was later hunted to extinction by humans. Later generations used other poisons to replace it, and because it was so famous, the name was retained.

After the Jin Dynasty, there were more and more poisoning methods. The more common one was the use of poisonous stone (arsenic). Some poisons were also mixed into the wine (such as Aconitum , poison arrow wood, poison hemlock juice, etc.). People also used to call it poisonous wine. Although poisonous wine was rarely used after the Jin Dynasty, for the next two thousand years, all poisonous wines were still called poisonous wine. As a result, poisonous wine became a specific noun and the spokesperson for all poisonous wines, taking the blame for the past two thousand years.

According to the above research, the poisonous wine Wang Chuyi drank was probably arsenic or the like.

Poisoning process:

Twenty-seven years (1187) Jin Shizong The envoy of Jin Shizong came out. At that time, he was jealous of the monks and bribed the envoy. He said that he was not a Taoist person, so he could try it with poisonous wine. Emperor Shizong agreed. When the disciples are summoned, they are asked to dig a pond and fill it with water. After being summoned, they hold the cup and drink it all. He said: "I have experienced poverty and begged to survive. Now I am lucky enough to have a full meal." He gave him the remaining poisonous wine and drank it all. Looking back, I was undressing in the bathing pool. After a while, the water in the pool boiled and dried up, so I was not dead, but my beard and hair were all dry, so I couldn't wear the cloud crown.

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Analysis:

. Combined with the above " beard and hair withered ", Wang Chuyi was poisoned by arsenic, and the credibility is still very high:

The ancients made arsenic mainly by burning arsenic or realgar . Arsenic, also called letter stone, is rough arsenic trioxide; while realgar is arsenic sulfide , which are commonly seen in red and white. They were already highly toxic when they were used as raw minerals. Therefore, if the ancients found underground water seeping out before mining, they had to drain the water before mining, otherwise they would die if they entered it. According to records in "Tiangong Kaiwu " by Song Yingxing of the Ming Dynasty, to burn arsenic, you need to dig a hole in the ground, put the raw materials in, build a kiln with bricks on top, leave an air outlet, and then turn an iron pot upside down on it to collect arsenic (this process is very similar to burning charcoal). Repeat this three times, and you can basically get relatively pure arsenic. The essence of this process is to use high-temperature heating to sublimate arsenic in the ore and oxidize it through the vents. When it encounters an iron pot, due to the temperature drop, arsenic compound condenses, forming arsenic. Since there were no gas masks in ancient times, the ancients could only stand upwind during firing and stay away from the kiln. At the same time, workers were required to work for only two years before changing careers, otherwise they would suffer from premature aging and hair loss. This is actually an occupational disease caused by arsenic poisoning.

. How much arsenic was put in the glass of wine Wang Chuyi drank? This is difficult to estimate.

According to convention, arsenic is used in the human body, so the amount must be carefully controlled. Usually the lethal dose for an 80kg person is 70-180 mg. Therefore, no matter it is taken internally or externally, 10-15 mg can be poisonous, so when using it, it should not exceed 6 mg at most. , and it is often boiled with mung beans or radish for a period of time to reduce the toxicity. It is also important to know that the use of arsenic and wine will greatly increase the toxicity. So what diseases can it be used to treat? Oral administration can treat asthma and cancer. However, because arsenic is highly toxic and there are currently many drugs for treating asthma and cancer, this usage is basically out of date. There are many diseases that can be treated by external application. It can treat hernia, dermatitis , alopecia areata , psoriasis, tinea pedis, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, you can not use it on your own. There are clear usage methods in ancient books, and you must follow the doctor's advice.

3. Symptoms of arsenic poisoning

So does arsenic poisoning result in bleeding from the seven orifices? First of all, after taking arsenic, some people will immediately feel nausea and vomiting, or even vomit blood within 1-4 hours. Indescribable abdominal pain and watery diarrhea, thirst, dizziness and even inability to walk, oliguria, hematuria , body pain, chills, blood pressure dropped, muscles white, and then turned black and purple. . Therefore, bleeding from the seven orifices is actually impossible. It is just a terrifying adjective used by the ancients for the state of poisoning. At least the eyes will not bleed.