[Thank you]
The "Yonghegong" series of special courses are compiled based on the Himalayan audio of teacher Zhi Wuya. The text of
is compiled and provided by the group owner An Rui and the group friend team. The list of group friend teams is as follows (sorted by course program number):
First draft: Tianxin, Qingyu case
First school: An Duan, Hengshen, Lao Feige, Strawberry, Shengxian, Shiliang, 123, Ren Xiaozhan, Zhou Xinwei, Mei, Fu En, Lingxi, Ming, Wuyun, Edward, Wang Junyu, Dadong
Final school: An Duan, Tianlianghaochiu, Lingxi, Ming, Edward, Jing Neng Sheng Hui, Wu Yun, Heng Shen, Ren Xiaozhan, Shengxian, Lao Feige, Mei
This course is online for the first time: 2019.11.28
"Gangyur" and " Danzhuer".
Every year on June 6th of the lunar calendar, the monks in the Lama Temple recite and dry the two classics "Gangyur" and "Dengyur". These two volumes are the Tibetan versions of the Tripitaka.
"Kangyur" is the "Zhengzang", which is also the "Buddha said", also known as the "Zhengzangbu". It is divided into seven departments - the Vinaya Department, the Prajna Department, the Huayan Department, the Precious Accumulation Department, the Sutra Department, the Secret Department and the Directory Department. As for "Tengyur", "Tengyur" is the discussion of the masters, it is the "master's theory"; "Kangyur" is called "the Buddha's theory".
"Denjur" is called "Master's Commentary" - called "Xu Zang", also called "Commentaries"... It is - the master's annotations and annotations on the scriptures. The fields it covers are very wide! Philosophy, literature, art, logic, astronomy, geography, medicine, architecture, language...etc.
I talked about it in the "Tibetan Tradition" of "General History (Buddhism)" - the major and minor Five Ming Dynasties, they all belong to the "Text Tibetan Tradition"; almost all the theories of the "Four Parts" philosophy are also in "Tengyur" in. How much is the share of "Tanjul"? "Main Tibetan" is divided into seven parts; "Tengyur" is divided into seven parts, including ten and eight parts, including - Madhyamaka, Consciousness Only, Yinming, Abhidhamma, Atisha, Minor Parts, and Miscellaneous Parts ...wait for seventeen more.
"Gangyur" and "Danjur", they have standard versions! Their standard editions are called "Seven Big Editions" and "Seven Small Editions"... They are called "Big Seven Editions" and "Small Seventh Editions." As for the "Big Seven Editions"... the ancient Natang edition, the Caiba edition, the Yongle edition, the Wanli edition, the Beijing edition, the Dege edition, and the new Natang edition. As for the "Xiao Qi Edition"... Litang Edition, Banak Edition, Kumbum Monastery Edition, Qamdo Edition, Zhuoni Edition, Lhasa Edition and Kulun Edition.
What is the difference between the so-called large and small versions? The big version is the one approved by the emperor! It was built by the imperial court's order, or by the imperial court's money and donations... Then this is the "big version". The "small version" is usually built by a region or a main temple.
The Tibetan Tripitaka, its first imperial edition, or the first "big edition", was produced in the second year of Emperor Qing's reign of the Yuan Dynasty [Yuan Renzong] , funded by the emperor... the royal family Funding, based on Natang Temple ... Natang Temple has collected a lot of information! On this basis, the first edition was published. This was the first edition of the "Tibetan Tripitaka", which is of great significance! It's called "Natang Ancient Edition". Remember, everyone - the first edition of the "Tibetan Tripitaka" was... the initial edition, called the Natang Ancient Edition.
Twenty years later, the scholar of the Kagyu sect, Caiba Kongga Dorje, and the founder of the Xialu sect, Master Butun, took the Nathang ancient version as a sample, and then Well, I consulted other new translations and wrote a 260-volume "Gangyur".You see, the second edition only has "Kangyur", which is "Zhengzang"! Well, because these two scholars are both super master-level scholars in the early days of Tibetan Buddhism, the scope of influence of this edition is very wide! Therefore, although the Caiba version was not given by the emperor, it is also called the "big version".
The royal version of in the Yuan Dynasty was called the "Natang Ancient Version"; when it came to and in the Ming Dynasty, it also had two official imperial editions! Right... But this King James Version, you know which version it is at a glance... Which version? One Yongle; one Wanli! Right... I just like it these two times and like to do that thing. These two editions are different from the traditional Natang original! It was the Ming royal family who sent people directly to Tibet to collect scriptures, and then took them to Nanjing and compiled and edited them themselves. The Yongle version is in red ink; the Wanli version is in and black ink . These are the two "imperial editions" of the Ming royal family.
When the Qing royal family came, they also approved two "big editions"! One is based on the version of Xialu Temple in Tibet, which is the bottom plate of Master Butun we just mentioned, with "Ganyur" engraved... Kangxi Dynasty carved "Gangyur", Yongzheng Dynasty carved "Gangyur" Tenjul". Because these two editions, the imperial edition of the Qing royal family... were printed in the early Qing Dynasty, and there were special halls, namely - Wuying Palace ! This version is for the emperor to see, so these two versions... the imperial gift version is particularly luxurious! This is the most luxurious edition of the Tripitaka, called the "Beijing Edition".
In the Beijing version, "Gangyur" is printed in red letters, and "Danjur" is printed in black letters. Because the location where the sutras are carved is in the Buddhist warehouse of Zhangjia Living Buddha - Songzhu Temple... It is the Buddhist warehouse of Zhangjia Living Buddha II and Zhangjia Living Buddha III. Therefore, the "Beijing Edition" is also called "Beijing Version" Songzhu Temple Edition".
Now, on the east and west walls...the two sets of Tripitaka - "Ganzhuer" and "Danzhuer" - placed on the east and west walls of Yonghe Temple are the "Songzhu Temple Edition"...Kangxi's version of "Ganzhuer" "Er" and Yongzheng's version of "Danzhuer". Because the position of "West" is higher than that of "East", as we have said - in Tibetan Buddhism, "West" is higher than "East", so the "Kangyur" - "Zhengzang" - is placed on the west wall; On the wall is "Tenjur" - "Sequel".
In the eighth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign, it was... the last edition, which was based on the ancient Natang edition, and then all the previous editions were crossed out, and Tibetan Tripitaka was added, and another Natang edition was published. New version. This is the imperial gift version... and it’s over! But here are six! There is another one in the "big version", which is... the king of the region - the Natang ancient version, the Caiba version, the Xialu version collected locally by King Dege of Xikang in the second year of Qianlong... I made a master plan and carved a "Dege board"! It's very... famous in that area.
The seven small editions are too fragmented... We won’t introduce them! Because the "seven major editions" are all the royal edition, we will introduce it.
Because in the Ming and Qing dynasties, they took this matter very seriously when engraving and printing scriptures! But their centers are different! In the Ming Dynasty, where was the largest printing center in China? In Nanjing. Qing Dynasty , the largest brushing center in China is in Beijing. Moreover, the engraving and reprinting of books such as scriptures are not ordinary... This publishing house can do it! In the Ming Dynasty, there were still some private enterprises that could print scriptures on a large scale... By the Qing Dynasty, there was a specialized institution in Beijing called the Sutra Translation Institute. As for printing, there is also a specialized agency.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Buddhist books had a special seal... this is the advanced version! The folk thing... that thing... is in the temple, free charity does not count... that is, there is a special version of this Buddhist book that can be read seriously, called the "Temple Version"! That is - Wuying Palace will be responsible for engraving Buddhist scriptures. This Wuying Hall is also responsible for engraving monuments... It is also responsible for engraving many things.
Tibetan Tripitaka, there is a big gap in content between it and our Chinese translation of Tripitaka! That's it - far more than us! Because Tibetan has an advantage...it appeared late! The text was fully formed in 1000 AD...and it did not appear until 700 or 800 AD! Its pronunciation, changes in final sounds, and its grammatical structure... are all very easy to restore to the original text of Sanskrit , right! It just...its source just...has this advantage! Moreover, we have talked about its translation - it is a dictionary translation... They make the dictionary first and then translate it.
Therefore, the Tibetan "Kangyur" and "Tengyur" have always been the focus of Buddhist researchers! Because of the Chinese translation of the Tripitaka, we know... a children's sutra, such as " Diamond Sutra ", it can't wait to be translated into seven or eight editions! Well...any children's classic can be translated into more than twenty editions, which is entirely related to the literary quality of the translator.
So many scriptures... We said - there are so many Tripitakas... so many "Kangyur" and "Tengyur"! How many "Gangyur" are there? One hundred and eight! How many are there in "Tenjul"? Two hundred and seven! There are so many books, you put them in the cabinets on the east and west walls, you take a look... you pull out a book, you finish reading them, you put them back... you don't know where they put them! If you read a few more books, the whole book will become chaotic. What should I do if
is messed up? So - the former... well, this believer, he has thought out all the details for you! When printing the book, he printed patterns on all sides of the book! This sutra... Because now, some of its sutras are wrapped in cloth for you... wrapped in "sutra bags"! If it is not wrapped and you open it completely and look at it, after the books "Gangyur" and "Danjur" are numbered in order, you will see a whole painting directly from the side! That is - the lotus seat Mani orb . All the sides are printed for you! When you put them together, this set of sequences is a complete painting! If you misplace one of them, the picture will be messed up! You can tell at a glance.
Let’s finally talk about the printing technology of the Tripitaka... Because of the Yonghe Temple, Yonghe Temple... because of the printing technology of the Tripitaka, it has a collection of many antiques! what? Rigid! When printing the Tripitaka, it is not movable type printing, it is full-page printing! Just... use that kind of hardwood, such as pear wood, birch... these hard miscellaneous woods, make them into boards, and boil them with potion! After cooking, let it dry, dry in the shade for a few years... and polish! The result is a board with smooth sides... a specialized board - a warp board. Use this block to engrave scriptures or engrave prints .
A full version of the Tripitaka, one page of scripture is a sutra tablet! There are as many sutra tablets as there are pages in the Tripitaka. So, the archway at the entrance of Yonghe Temple - "Cilong Baoye", what "baoye"? That’s the scripture! It’s the bay leaf with the scriptures printed on it! The sutra printing mode is based on the Bayeux mode of the earliest Buddhist sutras... This is how it is set up. Now there are some... ah, rich believers, they also collect sutra tablets.
Yonghe Temple, its collection of wooden sutra tablets costs 19,000 yuan! The best in China! Moreover, it is also of a very high level. Because there are some people among the people who collect sutra boards. Which temples get the sutra boards from? The number collected is also very large! But its level is not high. The high-level one is the one in Yonghe Temple, which costs 19,000 yuan!
And, in the process of stereotyping, the famous Tibetan Buddhist wood panel painting er was developed. "Gangyur" and "Danjur" - "main collection" and "extended collection".The "Extended Collection" of "Danjul" is actually an illustrated children's scripture! Because it is the master's exposition, there are many paintings in "Tenjur", including the many Buddha statues we saw, and their... styles, we all moved them from "Tenjur" - — Thousand-Hand Thousand-Eyed Avalokitesvara statue, Tsongkhapa Master statue, Buddha Mother statue, etc...
We have to talk about this wooden sutra... because China has a collection of engraved sutra boards. a lot of! However, sutra tablets and sutra tablets are hierarchical! There are some, um... well-collected... that I think are quite neat, but in fact, their level is very low. The level of Yonghe Temple is very high! When antiques were popular a few years ago, I saw an antique made from a sutra board, which was... smash the sutra board, then take out the Buddhist verses engraved in the middle, and make a head on it Son...make it into a seal. Now, that's it... The bottom of this seal is an old sutra board, and the new seal on it is the new [that is, "print nose", also known as "print head"] .
Then, these are the "Gangyur" and "Danzhuer" of the Falun Hall.
