1. Growth of newborns.
新生儿出生的时候一般是5-8斤，但是出生之后的几天，新生儿会排出胎便和过多的体液，因此在出生后的一周左右，即使正常吃奶，他的体重也是不升反降，当然体重下降不会超过10%。
从宝宝出生了第五天起，新生儿的体重开始稳步增长，平均每天20~30g左右，在宝宝两周大左右，他的体重就能恢复到出生时的水平了。
在此间，新生儿会有两个生长爆发期，也就是猛长期，一个是7~10天时，一个是3-6周时，好好抓住这两个时间，能让宝宝的体重快速增长。
When a newborn is born, the height is generally 48~52cm. In this month, the baby's height will increase by about 4.5~5cm.
The average head circumference of a baby at birth is 35cm, and it usually reaches 38cm at the full moon.
要知道，新生儿的头部生长情况也很重要，毕竟这关系宝宝的大脑发育情况，有些宝宝出生的时候头部有些变形，不要紧的，慢慢就会恢复了。
你还会发现，宝宝掉了很多头发，放心，宝宝掉头发不奇怪，他第1次掉头发的时候还是在子宫里，第2次是在宝宝2-3个月左右，现在只是正常的新陈代谢或者是因为仰卧摩擦而引起的掉发而已。
You will also find that babies have more skin tones. has white (peritoneal fat), has pink (thin skin when they were just born), has yellow ( jaundice ), and green (Mongolian spots). Moreover, a few days after the baby was born, due to the loss of water and immature stratum corneum, the epidermis on the baby's body began to fall off , and the small hands and feet were particularly obvious.
关于新生儿的体温，《美国儿科学会育儿百科》中有写到:新生儿的身体有温度调节能力，可以出汗或者发抖，但在新生儿刚出生时体温调节中枢还不能正常工作。 In addition, the newborn has insufficient fat content in the first few weeks after birth, and when the temperature suddenly changes, his body cannot keep warm.
However, the basal body temperature of newborns is still higher than that of adults. It is normal for parents to measure the baby's body temperature to have 37~37.5 degrees .
In other words, newborns are afraid of cold but also afraid of heat.
2. Reflective behavior.
reflex behavior is the instinctive activity after the baby is born. Most of the physical activities of the newborn in the first few weeks are reflex behavior .
有些反射行为会在几周内消失，如惊跳反射会在宝宝出生8周左右消失；有些则会在几个月后才消失，如抓握反射会在宝宝5~6个月时消失，有些会变成自发行为，如觅食反射会从反射行为变为自发行为。
新生儿常见的反射行为有:
- 惊跳反射
- 踏步反射
- 寻乳反射
- 觅食反射
- 强直性颈部反射
- 抓握反射
- 足部抓握反射
这些反射行为消失的时间不等，但反射行为反映宝宝大脑发育的情况，如果长时间不消失，可能表示宝宝大脑发育异常，爸爸妈妈要及早带宝宝去看医生。
3.运动发育
宝宝刚出生的时候全身都软绵绵的，在刚出生的前半个月，他的动作都很不平稳，哭闹的时候下巴还会发抖，手臂也会抖动。
The strength of the neck muscles is also very weak. When lying down, you can only lift your head up 30~45 degrees , and you can only last for a few seconds .
The baby's little hand is still clenched, but he will shake around and stuff it into his mouth, or put it in front of his eyes, but he can see it.
"American Pediatrics Association Parenting Encyclopedia" summarizes the movement and development milestones of newborns:
The arm movement is not stable and easy to tremble;
can raise your hands to the line of sight or to the mouth;
can turn your head from one side to the other when you are on your prone;
will turn your head from one side to the other when you lose support;
will tilt your head back;
clench your fists tightly;
has strong reflex behavior.
4. Visual development.
The vision changes greatly in the first month of newborns, and can form the focus ability to a certain point located in the center of the visual range from better edge visual .
From the time you are born, you can look at the objects of 20~30cm when you are born, you can see the objects of 90cm when you are full moon, and you can also learn to chase objects.
Newborns have the ability to observe and identify patterns . They like to look at black and white patterns or patterns with strong shape contrast, and their favorites are face patterns.
So in this month, parents can exercise their baby to play gaze tracking games, choose some patterns with strong shape contrast to toys or use black and white cards directly, which can stimulate the baby's vision development.
5. Auditory development.
The baby has hearing before he was born, and can easily recognize his mother's voice, and he will also remember the sounds he had heard in his mother's belly before.
When the baby is born, this ability will increase. babies like to listen to others, especially to imitate the tone of the baby's speech, and can chase people or do movements through voices.
However, newborns are also sensitive to different levels of noise. The sound of decibels too high will also affect the baby's hearing .
To exercise your baby's hearing, parents can talk to your baby more than , or use some toys that can make sound to shake in the baby's ears.
Toys should be selected with safe material (sometimes the baby will bite in his mouth), bright colors and will not be too noisy to protect the baby's hearing.
Mothers who bought early childhood education machines during pregnancy can continue to play music or stories that the baby often hears in the uterus when his baby is awake.
6. Tactile and olfactory development.
- The sense of smell of newborns
I really didn’t expect that newborns would also have a preference for smells . If you smell your favorite smell, such as milk and sugar, he will like it very much and will inhale.
If you smell a smell you don’t like, such as alcohol and vinegar, he will wrinkle his nose.
is also precisely because of this function that newborns can accurately find the location of their nipple heads.
- The touch of newborn
The touch of newborn is also sensitive to newborn . He likes soft , resists rough things, and even hugs or caresses, he likes gentle and rude.
" American Pediatric Association Parenting Encyclopedia" also summarizes the development milestones of olfactory and tactile in newborns:
likes sweetness.
does not like bitter or sour taste.
can distinguish the taste of mother's milk.
likes soft things, not rough things.
doesn't like being treated roughly.
7. Character development.
Most of these early personality traits when the baby is born are inherited, and the baby's personality traits will also affect the way and feeling of their parents treating him. We can all obtain these parenting knowledge above
in an authoritative parenting book called "Parent Education Encyclopedia of the American Academy of Pediatrics". The contents in the book are beyond your imagination. It is simply a book in hand. There is no need to worry about parenting. Parents who need it quickly.
Parenting is nothing small, you need to pay attention to everything. A baby who is only one month old has so many developmental characteristics. After understanding the growth and development characteristics of the baby, will parents no longer feel that the baby is just sleeping!
pictures are from the Internet and deleted if there is any infringement.
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