Among the rashes, the ones that torture the baby the most are urticaria and eczema ! These two annoying people can make adults and children go crazy with their "itchy skin"!
Recently, our backend has received many private messages from parents, all complaining about "urticaria"!
Moreover, this guy only comes out when the baby is sleeping, which not only makes the adults hate him, but also makes the baby doubt his life!
Many novice parents encounter this kind of unexpected situation, and it is easy to panic for a while! How to distinguish and treat acute and chronic urticaria?
Today we are going to talk about the bad guy "Urticaria"!
The 5 common types of urticaria in children
Urticaria is a disease mainly caused by allergic factors, and it is extremely itchy when it attacks. Some babies will have raised red flat bumps on their skin, with different sizes and clear borders. !
Urticaria is more likely to occur in summer and is also a common skin disease in children. Have you mastered the following common types?
1, Cholinergic urticaria
Cause:
① Hot bath;
② After exercise;
③ In sauna or hot tub;
④ Fever;
⑤ Exposure to the sun;
⑥ Emotional agitation and eating spicy food.
The patient's body temperature rises, which induces the body to release histamine . At this time, the body often releases compounds in the body due to external stimulation, and this compound can cause cholinergic urticaria.
Rash characteristics:
① Itching or stinging when the rash occurs;
② Burning and itching occurs at the site of the rash;
③ The rash changes like a round papule, with raised rash and varying degrees of redness around it;
④ Larger papules Significant swelling may occur.
2, Pigmented urticaria
Cause: ① There are more mast cells in the skin lesions; ② Mastocytosis.
Rash characteristics:
① Red or brown-red, round, oval macules, papules and plaques, gradually darker due to increased pigment;
② The rash usually appears wheals and flushing reaction;
③ Positive Darier sign;
④ In rare cases, mast cells can accumulate in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
3, cold urticaria
Causes: ① Family inheritance; ② autoimmune disease ; ③ Patients with low immunity.
Rash characteristics:
① Itching and wheals appearing in different parts when exposed to cold conditions;
② Redness around the rash, which may be raised;
③ Angioedema-like changes.
4, artificial urticaria
Category:
① Simple skin scratching syndrome, more common in women, is a constitutional abnormal reaction of physiology;
② Symptomatic skin scratching Mark syndrome , common in young people with allergies, mostly Due to the allergic reaction of the skin after being subjected to external physical stimulation, the mast cells release histamine bioactive substances, causing the skin capillaries to dilate.
Cause:
① There is a special protein in the serum of such patients, immunoglobulin IgE, which combines with allergens to cause a series of reactions;
② After physical stimulation, the mast cells around the skin blood vessels release a large amount of tissue Amine and histamine cause skin blood vessels to dilate and serum to leak out of the blood vessels, causing itching symptoms.
Characteristics of rash:
① After physical stimulation, the rash protrudes from the skin surface, with obvious redness and itching around it;
② A rash of corresponding size will appear after contact with a substance of a specific shape;
③ In patients with special allergies, the edema will be more obvious after the rash appears. .
5, pressure urticaria
Cause:
① Passive pressure lasting >30 minutes or even longer, local formation of erythema-like deep edema;
② Lesions can be induced by various stimuli, including Standing, walking, or sitting on a hard surface Superior;
③ can be caused by aspirin.
Characteristics of rash:
① The skin may appear red and swollen, and the lesions may last for 24 hours or more;
② The rash can be raised and higher than the skin surface, and may also manifest as angioedema.
Why do you get urticaria?
The pathogenesis of urticaria is relatively complex and has not yet been fully understood, including immune mechanisms, non-immune mechanisms and idiopathic mechanisms. The causes of the disease are also very complex. About 3/4 of urticaria patients cannot find the cause, especially chronic urticaria . Common causes are:
- Food and food additives : Fish, shrimp, crab, and eggs are the most common, followed by spices and condiments;
- Drugs : Many drugs can cause this disease, such as antibiotics (especially penicillin , sulfonamides) , antipyretic analgesics , serum, vaccines, toxoid , traditional Chinese medicine, etc.;
- infection : including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, etc.;
- animal and plant factors : insects Bites or inhalation of pollen;
- Physical factors : Such as cold, heat, friction and pressure, sunlight exposure, etc.
- Others: There are also gastrointestinal diseases , rheumatic fever and systemic lupus erythematosus and other systems diseases, and mental factors, etc.
It is a localized edema reaction caused by various factors that cause the small blood vessels of the skin and mucous membranes to expand and increase their permeability. The clinical manifestations are wheals of varying sizes accompanied by itching and/or angioedema, which may include fever, Abdominal pain, diarrhea or other systemic symptoms. But don't worry, the vast majority of has a good prognosis and .
Common types in life, such as Solar urticaria: Some children or adults are allergic to ultraviolet rays. After being exposed to sunlight outdoors, erythema and wheals may appear on the body, accompanied by severe itching; there are also thermal contact urticaria, artificial Urticaria (skin scratching), delayed pressure urticaria, etc.
How to effectively relieve itching?
My baby has urticaria, what is the most uncomfortable thing? Itchy! It's so itchy that your skin is broken by scratching it. How can you effectively relieve itchiness?
Cold compress and calamine
The cold compress temperature is controlled at 5-10℃, and each cold compress is for 10-20 minutes. The temperature should not be too cold during the cold compress, and the time should not be too long to avoid frostbite on the skin. Parents can wrap the frozen mineral spring with a towel. Water or ice cream, apply a cold compress to the area where the baby is itching.
In addition, cold compresses should be applied intermittently, and do not stick a cold towel to the skin all the time. This may cause vascular regulation dysfunction.
Correct cold compress can quickly calm the itching without hurting the baby's skin. You can also use calamine lotion as appropriate.
When bathing your baby during an urticaria attack, the water temperature should not be too hot. You can take a warm bath, or you can use a towel dipped in warm water to gently wipe the skin, and then do a good job of moisturizing.
Acute urticaria, especially caused by infection. Once the infection is cured, the urticaria will recover, and it will basically not recur.
But it doesn’t mean that I will never commit the crime again in this life! Next time you encounter other infections, it may be induced! So be sure to pay attention to daily care.
Medical guidance and daily care
Urticaria can be complicated by laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock and other critical and dangerous situations. Once symptoms such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, irritability, purple lips or chest tightness, dizziness, etc. occur, seek immediate medical attention Seek medical attention to avoid life-threatening injuries!
Therefore, parents usually need to observe the number of wheals, their location, the degree of itching, and whether the child has chest tightness, dyspnea, nausea, abdominal pain and other accompanying symptoms. This is very important clinical information when the treating doctor asks for medical history. It would be even more perfect if you could take photos of your child’s rash and save it.
Urticaria care The first step is to avoid contact with allergens , and specific diet is one of the most common triggers of urticaria. Therefore, parents should pay attention to the relationship between the onset of urticaria and the type of food eaten by children with a history of urticaria. , If possible, you can keep a food diary for your baby. Once the food that caused the attack is identified, you should avoid eating it in the future.
Then eat a light diet, pay attention to personal environmental hygiene, and it is best to choose pure cotton, loose and breathable material for underwear.
In addition, urticaria is a common allergic skin disease and is not contagious. Although patients often mention that more than one person in the family has the disease when describing their illness, urticaria itself is not contagious and will not affect other people or people closely related to the patient due to the disease.
As for heredity, modern medicine has not done much research on this aspect. Allergic constitutions may be hereditary, but what clinical medicine calls allergic constitutions refers to constitutions that are prone to allergic reactions such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, etc. The pathogenesis of urticaria is different from these, so urticaria is not a genetic disease, so don’t be nervous.
