reader contributions, Author: Sure 678
open a new infrastructure projects, there is a "new energy vehicle charging pile" let a lot of friends very surprised, why new energy vehicle charging pile can be selected "new infrastructure" has become one of the seven sectors? To answer this question, we must first sort out the energy problems we face.
In July of this year, a South Asian country clamored to block the Strait of Malacca , and the suppression on the other side of the ocean became hysterical. Its navy wandered around me like a dogskin plaster, and the energy security issue was once again before us.
Malacca Strait
Despite efforts to improve the diversification of fossil energy sources in recent years, such as the China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline, the Central Asia natural gas pipeline, the China-Russia crude oil pipeline, and the China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline, which have been put into use, have indeed alleviated the impact on the Malacca Strait. The degree of dependence has enhanced the safety of oil supply, but this is after all a temporary solution.
As we all know, fossil energy is the most important energy consumed in the world today. In 2019, fossil energy accounted for 87.9% of the global energy consumption, and my country's proportion was as high as 93.8%. But with the continuous exploitation of human beings, the exhaustion of fossil energy is inevitable.
China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline
In addition, a large amount of greenhouse gases will be added during the use of fossil energy, and some polluting flue gases will be generated at the same time, threatening the global ecology. For example, the smog problem that has attracted much attention, one of the main reasons is the large amount of coal-based thermal power generation and petroleum-based automobile exhaust.
At the same time, some developed countries, , under the name of "carbon emissions", require developing countries to reduce emissions, blatantly ignoring the fact that the emission base of developed countries is 4.8 times that of developing countries.
Academician Ding Zhongli speaks righteously on the issue of carbon emissions
We must know that after more than 300 years of development, western developed countries have begun to formulate low-carbon emission reduction rules after completing industrialization reforms, and these developed countries are the most important high in the world. Consumers of carbon products These consumers now require producers to produce high-carbon products for their use in a low-carbon way, and set up high carbon emission taxes to threaten them. This is essentially a new type of green trade barrier and trade in disguise. protectionism.
Our carbon emission demand is also increasing. A considerable part of the fossil energy consumed is used for power generation. At present, China’s electricity production and sales are increasing year by year, and electricity is the common upstream of new infrastructure, whether it is 5G, big data centers, industrial The Internet is still a new energy vehicle charging pile, and the construction and operation of these technologies are inseparable from the power network.
5G base station
Take 5G as an example, its number of base stations will be 4-5 times that of 4G, and the power consumption of each base station is more than 3 times that of 4G base stations, which means that 5G power consumption will be 12 ～15 times more, the consumption of electricity is unprecedented!
is under such tremendous pressure. We uphold the magnificent values of "a community with a shared future for mankind", have repeatedly reiterated the importance of environmental issues on international occasions, and pledged to increase our obligations to the Paris Agreement, that is, to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve it by 2060 Carbon neutral. It is conceivable that
can realize the difficulty of this kind of commitment. It must not only meet the huge energy demand of the people to improve the living standards, but also take into account the goal of environmental protection and low carbon emissions. Is there any solution to this extremely contradictory energy problem?
Thermal power generation
Yes, and in energy strategy, we must not only solve the energy blockade, but also achieve energy independence. For China, which desperately wants to get rid of the shackles of fossil energy, replacing fossil energy with electricity is the best choice. Here, new clean energy is my country's biggest reliance.
According to the information shown in the "Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment in 2019" released by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), in the past 10 years, the total global investment in renewable energy has reached 2.6 trillion US dollars, and my country’s investment has reached 758 billion US dollars. The US dollar ranks first among countries in the world (29% of the world's share).
Clean energy is actually not a new topic. Developed countries have also been vigorously developing before, but their development is hampered by various interests.Has been tepid.
Shale oil extraction
For example, Obama announced in 2015 the "Clean Energy Plan" to reduce energy carbon emissions, but it was later replaced by the "American Energy Priority Plan". The goal is to maximize the use of American energy and get rid of the dependence on imported energy. , While increasing domestic employment opportunities and promoting the development of the domestic real economy.
One of the core concepts of the plan in practice is to vigorously support traditional fossil energy, such as oil, natural gas, and coal, especially the "shale oil" project. Of course, in addition to the repeated changes in various national policies, clean energy itself is also facing the three major problems of how to develop, how to transport, such as storage and utilization, which have been overcome by the Chinese one by one.
hydraulic turbine assembly machine
In the past ten years, my country's installed power generation capacity has maintained a growth trend. From 2010 to 2019, my country's cumulative installed capacity of power generation increased from 966 million kilowatts to 2.011 billion kilowatts, and it has been the world's largest country in terms of installed capacity for seven consecutive years. The national non-fossil energy power generation was 2393.89 billion kWh, an increase of 10.7% over the previous year, accounting for 32.6% of the national power generation, an increase of 1.7% over the previous year, and the non-fossil energy power supply capacity continued to increase.
In 2019, the proportion of thermal power installed capacity dropped by 14.24% compared with 2010, and the proportion of wind power, photovoltaic, hydropower, and nuclear power generation capacity increased by 14.24%. The power generation structure was further optimized. Among them, solar energy and wind power have the most prominent development momentum, which has increased 3 times and 5 times respectively in 10 years. In 2019, the cumulative power generation of wind power and solar power was 629.5 billion kWh, accounting for 8.6% of the total power generation, an increase of 0.8% year-on-year. Such amazing results are worthy of our inventory.
Photovoltaic power station
takes the most eye-catching photovoltaic as an example. As early as 1998, my country's ecological group focused on solar power generation. In early 2010, the Renewable Energy Law was promulgated and the photovoltaic industry was officially expanded. Since 2016, we have become the country with the largest photovoltaic construction and utilization capacity. The most direct manifestation is in aerospace equipment:
Tiangong space station solar cell wings are replaced with gallium arsenide flexible solar cell wings with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of more than 30%, and the unit power supply efficiency far exceeds the 400-ton international space station. Optimize the structural design of the cabin, equipped with 23 scientific research cabinets, comparable to the International Space Station.
Tiangong Space Station's power generation technology is the world's leading
my country’s new spacecraft solar cell wings use high-efficiency three-junction gallium arsenide rigid solar cell arrays with the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency in the world up to 34%. The power generation capacity is the first of all types of manned spacecraft in the world. . The solar heating collector on the
Tianwen No. 1 Mars patrol device has significant technological innovations in the use of solar energy. It absorbs solar energy through a binocular-like heat-collecting window in the middle of the rover body, and then stores the absorbed solar energy in a substance called n-undecane. During the day, the surface temperature of Mars rises and the n-undecane absorbs heat and melts. At night, the temperature drops and the n-undecane releases energy during the solidification process for use by the rover. Compared with the American patrol that uses isotope heat sources, the environmental pollution to Mars is lower.
Tianwen-1 Mars rover ground test
currently predicts according to the "China Photovoltaic Development Outlook in 2050" that with the rapid decline in photovoltaic costs, the scale of new installed capacity will grow rapidly, and at the same time, relying on mature business models and strong competitiveness Cost, predicts that by 2050, the total installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation will reach 5000GW, accounting for 59% of the total installed capacity of the country.
CSP is also a kind of solar energy. It integrates power generation and energy storage. It has stable and reliable output and excellent regulation performance. It is a renewable energy power generation method that can provide reliable power and has flexible regulation characteristics. It is to realize my country's energy transformation An important technical means indispensable to the goal. In view of the requirements for natural conditions such as land and light resources, China's solar thermal power station is mainly built in most areas of Northwest China and a few areas in North China.
After more than 10 years of technological development, IThe country has mastered the core technology of solar thermal power generation. In the first batch of national solar thermal power generation demonstration projects, the localization rate of equipment and materials exceeded 90%, forming a complete industrial chain, and developing a series of technologies and technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Professional setting.
CSP station
is China’s first "super mirror power station" in Dunhuang. This is a CSP station that uses 12,000 heliostats to control solar beams for power generation. It is equivalent to 100 megawatts of installed capacity and costs 3 billion yuan. It has been completed and put into production and realized full-load power generation. This "artificial sun" has not only won the title of Asia's largest solar thermal power station with installed capacity, but also has the world's largest single-unit concentrating area and highest heat-absorbing tower. CSP station is different from traditional photovoltaic power generation, it can realize 24 hours continuous uninterrupted power generation.
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, my country's CSP equipment has successfully entered the international market, opening up new areas for the implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative, and effectively promoting the reduction of international CSP costs. , especially in the 50 MW molten salt tower solar thermal power generation project of MINOS in Greece, successfully entered the international market with the model of "technology + equipment + engineering".
MINOS 50MW CSP project in Greece renderings
As of 2020, my country's CSP will achieve an installed capacity of 5,000 MW, which is equivalent to replicating another 50 CSP stations in the Dunhuang Desert.
Wind power: Wind power refers to converting the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. At present, my country's wind power industry is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Sichuan and other places. Among them, in 2019, Shandong Province ranked first in wind power generation with 558.64 billion kWh; ranked second in Inner Mongolia, with wind power generation of 532.73 billion kWh; Jiangsu Province ranked third, with wind power generation of 501.54 billion kWh, the above three The scale of local wind power generation exceeds 500 billion kWh.
China's installed wind power capacity reached 216.75 million kilowatts in the first half of 2020. In particular, the newly installed capacity of onshore wind power in China has remained the world's largest for 10 consecutive years. The total amount of wind energy generated is equivalent to the total amount of electricity generated by the 18 Three Gorges Dams each year, and the effective development of these energy sources is more than 20 years in my country. adhere to.
wind power
Wind power China has also gone out. On November 3, Chinese wind turbine manufacturer Goldwind signed a new contract in Brazil. In Argentina, four wind power projects are still under construction. It has installed more than 600,000 kilowatts of wind turbines around the world in 27 countries and six continents. At present, overseas markets are already a new battlefield for Chinese wind power manufacturers.
However, my country’s wind power and solar power are mainly concentrated in the northwest, and hydropower is mainly concentrated in the southwest. China’s major power-consuming provinces are in the central and eastern regions, and there is a problem of long-distance transmission of electric energy, resulting in the phenomenon of abandoning solar and wind. In 2016 alone, my country’s total wind curtailment reached 49.6 billion kilowatts, equivalent to the power generation of the three Gezhou Dams. The same is true for the abandonment of water and light. How to effectively transport this electricity?
UHV transmission line
This is the new infrastructure project released this year- UHV . Electricity is like the blood of the human body. Without electricity, no ambitious future plans can be realized. UHV is like a large blood vessel of electric energy, carrying the great responsibility of efficient energy transportation. It has long-distance large capacity, low loss, and less Comprehensive advantages such as land occupation. If China wants to occupy a place in the field of new technology, the development of UHV is the general trend, because it is the infrastructure in the infrastructure and the bottom layer of the future technology industry.
According to data provided by the State Grid Corporation of China, the ±1000 kilovolt UHV DC grid can transmit 6 million kilowatts of electricity, with a maximum distance of 5000 kilometers, but only 1.5% loss. As of June 2019, my country’s UHV has been built with “nine crosses and ten straights”, the “three crosses and two straights” project and the “five crosses and two straights” are under construction. More than 30 UHVs are expected to be built, and my country can completely overcome them by then. Difficulties in sending power from north to south and west to east!
UHV converter station
Once the UHV network is completed, my country’s power transmission will becomeWith rapid progress, it is expected to reach 36,000 in 2025 and 63,000 in 2030. Clean energy, a spare tire that has been used for more than 20 years, can finally turn positive. The future of energy independence is within reach. After the independence of
, how to use energy efficiently and on a large scale has become the key. No matter how good the technology is without marketization, it will fall into a bottomless pit. This year is the first year of my country's new infrastructure, whether it is 5G technology, big data center, artificial intelligence and other high-tech fields. , Or traditional machinery such as intercity high-speed rail, charging piles, etc., all require a lot of electricity. Clean energy ushered in the best era.
Behind the charging pile is a new journey of energy revolution
Then we go back to the beginning, why should my country connect charging piles to new projects? Why should we vigorously promote new energy vehicles?
are all aimed at reducing the use of fossil energy. Electricity is used to replace oil in terminal vehicles, and electricity is used to replace coal in inter-city energy supply. We must not only achieve energy independence, but also achieve energy marketization and form a benign energy system. . Of course, we may still need oil in the future, but it is no longer the main force but a spare tire!
