We usually talk about programming languages such as c, c++, Java, and Python. In fact, some languages are not only difficult for most software developers, but also almost incomprehensible.
These languages are called esoteric programming languages (or obscure languages).
Obscure languages are not designed for ordinary software development. They are designed to be a proof of concept, or just a joke.
Here is a list of the five most difficult and obscure languages. I tried to execute the "Hello World!" program in every language, which was very interesting.
Malbolge
Malbolge was invented in 1998 by Ben Olmstead. This obscure language is considered the most complex programming language.
It is said that the author of the Malbolge programming language has never written any programs in this language. Nearly two years after Olmstead invented the language, the hello world code in Malbolge did not appear.
This is the code snippet to print "Hello World!" in Malbolge.
This is the output:
provided by the author-the code is executed in tio.run
INTERCAL
Jim Lyon and Don Woods developed INTERCAL in 1972, which is a witty and interesting programming language.
It started with the name "No programming language that can pronounce acronyms".
INTERCAL has designed many features that make programmers feel frustrated.
For example: it uses the modifier "PLEASE". If "PLEASE" is not frequently used in the code, the compiler can reject the code. It regards the procedure as "not polite". If the modifier "PLEASE" is used too many times, the compiler will also reject the code as "too polite".
This is the code segment that prints "Hello, World!" in INTERCAL.
This is the output:
provided by the author-the code is executed in tio.run
Brainfuck
Brainfuck was developed by Urban Muller in 1993. The language was invented to allow programmers to have fun. The name
itself implies that the programming language is very difficult to understand for any programmer.
The entire programming language has only eight different characters, and the language uses these eight characters to write all codes. The original compiler developed by Muller used only 296 bytes.
This is the code segment that prints "Hello, World!" in brainfuck.
This is the output:
provided by the author-the code is executed in tio.run
COW
COW was developed in 2003 by Sean Heber. After seeing its hello world code, you will understand why this language is called "COW".
In the difficulty level, COW is equivalent to Brainfuck. Compared with Brainfuck, it has four more commands, that is, there are 12 commands in the entire language.
This is the code segment that prints "Hello, World!" in the COW.
This is the output:
provided by the author — the code is executed on tio.run
Whitespace
Whitespace was developed by Chris Morris and Edwin Brady at Durham University. The language was released on April Fool's Day in 2003.
makeAny program written in this language relies on spaces, tabs, and line breaks. Whitespace's interpreter will ignore non-space characters and treat them as code comments.
This is the code snippet that prints "Hello, World!" in Whitespace.
In the code below, each space, tab or newline character is preceded by a comment "S", "T" or "L".
This is the output:
provided by the author-the code is executed in tio.run
and there are many similar obscure languages, you can explore it yourself.
In fact, when we choose a programming language, we must choose carefully. At the beginning, the author does not recommend choosing the current popular language, but in the long run, since we have chosen programming, how can we build our foundation more It is stable, and it will be able to develop in the future, instead of becoming a programmer of the current popular language!
