Mobile payment is developing rapidly, and transportation as a high-frequency scene of people's daily life has gradually popularized various mobile payment methods. This article starts from the most typical subway mobile payment and analyzes the support situation of mobile payment in 34 subway cities. The full text is slightly longer and some of the content is more basic. The following is a table of contents for reference only.
Chapter One, Main Background of Metro Mobile Payment
1. Metro City Introduction
1, Definition
2, Metro City Introduction
2 , Metro payment method development background
1, payment method development history
2, development background
Chapter 2 Metro mobile payment industry status
1. Industry chain
2. Several mobile payment methods discussed in this article
Chapter 3 34 City Metro Mobile Payment Status and Data Analysis
Chapter 4 Metro Mobile Payment Development Trend Analysis
Chapter 1 The main background of subway mobile payment
1. Metro city introduction
1, definition
Metro: is a form of railway transportation, referring to underground Operation-oriented urban rail transit system. Many subways cover various underground and above-ground road rights exclusive, high-density, high-volume, and non-level urban rail transit systems in urban areas. This is the fundamental symbol that distinguishes subways from light rail transit systems.
Urban rail transit includes: subway system, light rail system, monorail system, tram, maglev system, automatic guided rail system, and urban rapid rail system.
This article mainly refers to cities with subway systems in mainland China.
2. Introduction to Metro Cities
As of the end of June 2019, a total of 37 cities in mainland China have built rail transit operation lines. Among them, Huaiâan and Zhuhai have only municipal express rail and trams. There is currently only one Foshan Metro, which is jointly operated by Guangzhou Metro and Guangfo Rail Transit, and is temporarily included in Guangzhou. Therefore, the total number of metro cities discussed in this article is 34, and the relevant data shall prevail.
2. Development background of subway payment methods
The development of urban rail transit is closely related to the economic and cultural level of a city. As the basic tool for domestic daily transportation, the subway is convenient, fast and punctual. It is gradually becoming the first choice for most people to travel.
And with the rapid development of the Internet and the level of technology, the way of purchasing and passing the subway is undergoing tremendous changes.
1. Development history of payment methods
On January 15, 1971, China's first subway, Beijing Subway, started trial operation. Afterwards, most of the domestic subway construction and operation occurred after the 1990s. The change in subway payment methods in the short period of 30 years is also the history of China's mobile payment development.
In the early days, Internet technology was not developed enough and electronic payment was not popular. In the 30 years before the birth of the subway, paper tickets were used for subway tickets. Tickets were purchased in cash and one ticket was checked.
In the mid-term (1993-2014), the subway began to use the AFC system (self-service ticketing system), and subway payment officially entered the era of intelligent transportation. The AFC system has complete sorting and settlement capabilities, including the sorting center, line central computer, station computer, terminal equipment, ticket card reading and writing equipment and ticket card six parts.
Through the AFC system, the ticket starts to charge by meter, using non-contact IC card as the medium, which is divided into one-way tickets and stored-value cards.
One-way tickets can be purchased through counters and self-service ticket machines, using cash and coins. Domestic one-way tickets are mainly divided into chipsThere are two kinds of style and card style. The bargaining chip can adapt to various weather conditions and has a longer service life. Card type can be printed with advertising, increase operating income, and lower cost. The characteristic is that it can be recycled after a single use.
stored-value cards mainly refer to all-in-one cards, which are usually issued by the city's all-in-one card company and have the function of taking subway buses. Its characteristic is to store value before use, and a deposit is required to purchase the card. In addition, bank card electronic cash also belongs to the category of stored-value cards. Some urban subway systems have briefly implemented UnionPay electronic cash payment methods.
In 2008, China Mobile and Guangzhou piloted NFC payment based on the NFC-SIM card model, but they ended up unsuccessfully due to the long NFC industry chain. In 2015, Guangzhou Metro and Shenzhen Metro launched cloud ticket vending machines based on Internet payment technology. Guangzhou Metro took the lead in opening QR codes and UnionPay QuickPass gates in 2016. Since then, the curtain of subway mobile payment has been opened.
Now (2015 to present), with the development of mobile payment, at a time when ticket and card payment methods still dominate the mainstream, new payment methods such as QR code, NFC, and face swiping have begun to enter the transportation field.
2. Development background
a. Urban economic development and Internet technology are gradually developed. With the increase of subway lines and passenger flow, subway operators need more efficient payment methods.
b. Mobile payment is popular in China, especially the two-dimensional code consumption method is deeply rooted in the people. The change of consumption mode makes consumers urgently need more convenient payment methods.
Chapter 2 The Status Quo of the Metro Mobile Payment Industry
1. Industry Chain
Industry Chain Overview Figure
1, Traditional Enterprise
A. All-in-one card company: an urban transportation all-in-one card operating unit, responsible for the production, sale, application, and clearing and settlement services of local all-in-one cards, as well as system development, construction and management. For example: Beijing Municipal Transportation Card Co., Ltd., Shanghai Public Transportation Card Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Shenzhen Tong Co., Ltd.
B. Metro operator: responsible for the construction management and comprehensive development and operation of local rail transit, and the maintenance, maintenance and operation of rail transit facilities and equipment. Most are wholly state-owned or controlled. For example: Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd., etc.
C. System integrator: The equipment included in the AFC system is divided into various aspects, including the above-mentioned sorting system, line central computer, station computer, terminal equipment, ticket card reading and writing equipment. The AFC system was provided by foreign manufacturers in the early days, such as Kobek, Indra, Telvent, Samsung Data, Singapore Technology Electronics, Thales and so on. In recent years, domestic enterprises have gradually developed and their technical level has been continuously improved. They have fully equipped themselves with domestic self-sufficiency, and some foreign manufacturers have also withdrawn from the Chinese market. At present, the representative AFC system integrators in China mainly include Hi-tech Hyundai, Nanjing Panda, Zhejiang University Nets, Chinasoft, Founder and so on.
D. Sorting service provider: The sorting service is a relatively general concept. Here it mainly refers to the ACC sorting service in the subway AFC system. Generally speaking, the current domestic ACC sorting system can also be provided by the above-mentioned AFC integrators. However, the methods of subways in different regions are different, and the actual situation of the bidding is also required. Therefore, there will also be a subway AFC and ACC providers that are different The phenomenon. In addition to the above-mentioned companies, ACC representatives include Chinasoft Huateng, Xinkejiadu, Shanghai Huahong and so on.
E. Equipment manufacturers: mainly responsible for the OEM production of terminal equipment for subway turnstiles, such as Guangdian Express, Shanghai Huaming, Shanghai Yili, Suzhou Reget, Qingdao Boning Futian, Shanghai Yongbang/ Yongxu, Zhuoyinda, Kangbao, etc.
F, special module manufacturer: mainly refers to some professional modules in subway turnstiles, such as reader module, door module, etc., representing companies Ives, Gulibao, Shenzhen Xiongdi, Shenzhen Deca , Beijing Dico, etc.
2, emerging enterprises
A, UnionPay
China UnionPay is the "national team" in the field of mobile payment, but it has fallen behind in the promotion of offline QR code payment. However, the transportation field is one of the âten scenariosâ of the mobile payment convenience demonstration project that UnionPay focuses on. In recent years, UnionPay has continuously explored and innovated in deepening the layout of transportation payment scenarios. The payment methods that UnionPay promotes in the field of public transportation and subway mainly include UnionPay financial IC card QuickPass, mobile QuickPass, cloud QuickPass QR code, etc. The representative cities are Guangzhou, Tianjin, and Nanjing.
B, Alipay
Alipay, as one of the domestic mobile payment representatives, has gradually brought QR code payment into the transportation payment field while the offline mobile payment market is fiercely competitive. The main product is Alipay ride code, and the representative cities are Hangzhou and Wuhan.
C, WeChat
WeChat is also a domestic mobile payment giant. Together with Alipay, it has divided more than 90% of the third-party mobile payment market. WeChat is not far behind in the transportation sector. The main products are travel codes and travel cards, and the representative cities are Shenzhen and Xi'an.
D, mobile phone manufacturers
mobile phone manufacturers are the main force in the promotion of mobile NFC transportation cards. In recent years, the mobile phone industry has been fiercely competitive. Domestic mobile phone manufacturers have gradually begun to add NFC functions to the configuration and promote NFC-based mobile flash payment As well as mobile transportation card services, relying on the interconnection of transportation cards to promote the popularization of mobile transportation cards.
E, telecom operators
Telecom operators have long deployed mobile payment based on NFC-SIM card mode in the transportation field, but due to the complex industrial chain and terminal adaptation problems, they have been tepid. . At present, with the development of transportation all-in-one card interconnection, some telecom operators have also begun to jointly implement NFC-SIM mobile phone transportation cards relying on transportation.
F, Internet+cloud service provider
Internet+ era background, coupled with mobile payment such as QR code, NFC and other mobile payments have entered the traffic, derived many mobile payment service providers, including AFC Cloud platform companies, TSM service providers, etc. For example, Octavia, Small Code Liancheng, Ruyixing, Jiadu Data, Xiaobu Technology, Snowball Technology, Leisen Technology, etc.
In addition, with the advancement of transportation mobile payment, Internet companies such as JD.com, Meituan, Suning, and major commercial banks have gradually joined the battle. The difference is that most of them adopt the UnionPay standard and only provide the ride code. Entrance.
3, standard
A, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development standard
Since 2002, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has successively promulgated 14 national industry standards, covering IC card terminal devices, card operating systems, The security system, back-end system, etc. form a complete and standardized standard system. In 2012, the national all-in-one card interconnection project led by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development was officially opened. In July of that year, Shanghai, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Huzhou, Taizhou, Changshu, Lanzhou, and Baiyin were among the first to realize the interconnection of the âOne Cardâ. Two cities have joined the interconnection standards of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.
B, Ministry of Transport Standard
In 2008, the national reform put urban traffic under the management of the Ministry of Transport, and the Ministry of Transport introduced an exclusive key system for the management of the public transport industry. In 2014, it launched the "Urban Public Transportation IC Card Technical Specifications (Trial)" to reform the previous key and standard system, and will gradually implement it nationwide. In May 2015, the Ministry of Transportation issued the guidance on promoting the healthy development of the transportation all-in-one card and accelerating the realization of interconnection, and proposed that by 2020, the inter-city and inter-provincial all-in-one transportation card interconnection of major urban agglomerations will be basically realized. As of the end of 2018, there were more than 220 cities with all-in-one transportation cards.
2. Several mobile payment methods discussed in this article
Several mobile payment methods introduced in this article
1, QR code
This article only discusses two-dimensional The support situation of Mpay in the subway field, withThe body includes self-built APP, Alipay ride code, WeChat ride code. As UnionPay Cloud QuickPass travel code currently only supports Chengdu Metro in the subway field, it will not be added to statistics for the time being.
2, NFC
The NFC payment methods discussed in this article include only UnionPay QuickPass, transportation union/mobile transportation card. Among them, UnionPay QuickPass does not include electronic cash that has gradually withdrawn from the market; Transportation Union and mobile phone transportation cards are an option, and supporting one of them is counted as supporting this category. The mobile phone traffic card is currently based on the full-terminal mode launched by the mobile phone manufacturer, and the HCE and NFC-SIM modes are relatively small and not included in the statistics.
3. Mobile payment self-service ticket purchase
Mobile payment self-service ticket purchase refers to the purchase of tickets at self-service ticket machines through mobile payment methods such as WeChat, Alipay, Cloud QuickPass, UnionPay QuickPass, etc., excluding online purchases Pick up tickets offline.
Chapter 3 Status Quo and Data Analysis of Mobile Payment in 34 Metropolis
1. The overall coverage rate of mobile payment in metro cities reached 97%, and the coverage rate of QR code rides reached 88.2% (30 ), NFC coverage rate reached 94.1% (32), only Urumqi does not support mobile payment pass.
Judging from the overall mobile payment coverage of 34 metro cities, the overall coverage rate exceeds 97%. Only Urumqi Metro does not support the above-stated mobile payment method. But in fact, the Urumqi Metro official APP can realize HCE cloud card clearance, and can also realize online Alipay ticket purchase and offline ticket collection through the APP. For border areas that only support one subway line, it has basically met the demand.
And the NFC coverage rate can be smaller than the QR code. Thanks to the promotion of UnionPay QuickPass and the advancement of the transportation all-in-one card interconnection, some cities do not support the mobile phone all-in-one card alone, but NFC mobile card swiping can also be realized through transportation cooperation.
2. 29 cities that support 2 or more mobile payment methods, accounting for 85.2%. Among them, 16 first-tier cities (19 first-tier cities in total), accounting for 84.2%; 13 non-first-tier cities (15 non-first-tier cities in total), accounting for 86.6%.
From the perspective of the number of mobile payment support in 34 metro cities, the proportion of cities that support more than 2 types is still as high as 85%, of which self-built APP and transportation union are the majority. Among these 29 cities, first-tier cities and non-first-tier cities have equal proportions. Therefore, for cities that already have rail transit, the coverage of mobile payment has crossed the city level distribution.
3, 15 cities that support 3 or more mobile payment methods, accounting for 44.1%. There are 7 cities supporting 4 or more mobile payment methods, accounting for 20.5%. Among them, only Guangfo supports all 5 mobile payment methods.
From the perspective of the number of mobile payments supported by 34 metro cities, nearly half of them support 3 or more mobile payment methods. However, there are relatively few cities that support self-built APP, Alipay, WeChat, UnionPay QuickPass, and transportation united (mobile phone transportation card) 4 or more of them, a total of 6 cities, namely Guangfo, Shenzhen, Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Kunming , Ningbo, Nanning. Among them, only Guangfo supports all 5 mobile payment methods.
4. There are 5 cities that only support 1 or less mobile payment methods. Among them, the metro cities with more than 5 operating lines are Chongqing and Chengdu.
There are 5 metro cities that only support 1 or less mobile payment methods, including Chongqing, Changchun, Chengdu, Dongguan, and Urumqi. Among them, the metro cities with more than 5 operating lines are Chongqing and Chengdu. However, it is worth noting that in addition to supporting self-built apps, Chengdu is actually the first metro city to launch UnionPay QuickPass ride codes. Since this article does not count the QuickPass ride codes, it is regrettable to be included. Metro cities that support 1 mobile payment method.
5. There are 29 cities where subway self-built APP supports mobile payment, accounting for 85.2%.
From the perspective of the way that 34 metro cities support mobile payment, it supports subway self-built APP scanThere are as many as 29 cities passing the gate. Only 5 metro cities including Chongqing, Nanjing, Changchun, Dongguan, and Urumqi do not support self-built APP to scan the gate.
In addition, regarding the experience of self-built APP scanning code, including Shanghai, Wuhan, Changsha, Qingdao and other cities, the APP scanning code needs to turn on Bluetooth at the same time. Most of them use "two-dimensional code double offline BLE" "Bluetooth write-back" technology was originally designed to adapt to the situation where the subway network is not very good, but the actual experience is not good. It is still impossible to leave the station when the mobile phone is not connected or the network is not good.
Among them, the Metro Metropolis of Shanghai Metro is even worse. For all Android NFC users, in addition to turning on Bluetooth, you also need to turn off the NFC function of your phone in order to use the QR code to ride normally, otherwise the QR code The APP cannot be called up and cannot be used normally. It is understood that this is related to the code scanning and non-contact position design of the Shanghai subway turnstile. Due to the overlap of the two positions, it is easy to trigger the NFC by mistake when scanning the code. This method can only be used to avoid the heavyweights and make the experience greatly reduced.
Metro大é˝ĺ¸âs prompt interface
Scan code and credit card position conflict in Shanghai Metro
In terms of QR code interconnection, the Yangtze River Delta region is implementing APP with the technical support of Alipay The interconnection and interoperability of the bus code, the Metro Metropolis of the Shanghai Metro currently supports the interconnection with the Ningbo Metro, Hangzhou Metro, Wenzhou Metro, Hefei Metro, Nanjing Metro, Suzhou Metro, Qingdao Metro, and Suzhou Metro and Wuxi Metro. Two-dimensional code interconnection. It is worth noting that the two-dimensional code interoperability currently implemented by metro cities in the Yangtze River Delta region is only two-way interoperability, that is, the Shanghai Metro has two-way interoperability with the subways of seven other cities, and not all interoperability among the seven cities has been achieved. The specific interoperability is as follows:
According to the mobile payment network, the QR code interconnection in the Yangtze River Delta will cover 9 cities within the year and expand to cities outside the Yangtze River Delta.
6. The combined transportation/mobile transportation card supports 27 cities, accounting for 79.4%.
There are as many as 27 cities that support combined transportation/mobile transportation cards, accounting for only 80%, thanks to the active advancement of transportation all-in-one card interconnection. As of June 2019, a total of 245 cities above the prefecture-level nationwide have issued "Transportation Union" cards, which can be used on all bus lines in the urban area.
7. There are 7 cities supported by Alipay ride codes, accounting for 20.5%; WeChat ride codes support 5 cities, accounting for 14.7%; UnionPay QuickPass supports 15 cities, accounting for 44.1%.
Judging from the support of the three giants for subway mobile payment, the degree of support is obviously not as good as that of the public transport sector. Judging from the current data on Alipay and WeChat ride codes covering 100+ cities, the subway field is obviously a more difficult bone. On the contrary, the support rate of UnionPay QuickPass is relatively high, which is inseparable from the central bank's promotion of the demonstration project of mobile payment convenience since 2017 and the focus on the transportation field as one of the ten major scenarios.
But on the other hand, Yinlianâs mobile payment products are complex and diverse. In addition to QuickPass, there are also QR codes. The QR codes are divided into payment codes and ride codes. The level of support for transportation in various regions is also uneven. Qi, this will somewhat affect consumer acceptance.
8. There are 22 cities that support mobile payment self-service ticket purchase, accounting for 64.7%. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, but Beijing does not support it at all.
Finally, regarding the self-service purchase of subway mobile payment, it supports as many as 22 cities, including Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Harbin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hefei, Xiamen, Jinan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanning, Chongqing , Chengdu, Guiyang, Urumqi, Lanzhou and other 18 cities support 2 or more mobile payment methods. In Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, only Beijing Metro does not support mobile payment for self-service ticket purchase.
Chapter 4 Development Trend Analysis of Metro Mobile Payment
1. For a long time in the future, both QR code and NFC payment will continue to develop as mainstream mobile payment methods for subway.
The overall coverage of subway mobile payment is high, and the QR code and NFC are evenly matched in data support. Actual use is affected by the terminal and habits. The acceptance of the QR code is higher, but the slower traffic speed is easy to cause during peak periods Congestion.
2. For the development of transportation mobile payment, pass cards and subway operating units are the key, and opening up operations is an inevitable trend.
The degree of support for subway mobile payment has little to do with the city level, but overall, the support rate of the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei three economic regions is higher. The development of mobile payment in Chongqing and Chengdu subways is relatively slow, and the degree of support for mobile payment is relatively low. This is related to the implementation of policies and openness of local operators.
3. Metro joint technology companies and transportation payment service providers will play a greater role in the future.
Most subway operators are willing to build their own APP to operate mobile payment, but this method is not suitable for all subway operators. On the one hand, not all subway units have strong technical capabilities to carry out mobile payment and Internet + transportation development; on the other hand, self-built APP requires operation and drainage, which all require costs. At present, service providers including UnionPay, CRRC's Baweitong, Beijing Rail Transit Investment's Ruyixing, Ant Financial's Small Code Liancheng, and Alibaba Investment's Shumeng Workshop, etc. have promoted the subway Internet + service. development of.
Fourth, the transportation all-in-one card and UnionPay will continue to use their advantages to promote the interconnection of transportation payment, and the subway QR code will more use the form of "transcoding" to achieve interconnection.
Shanghai Metro Metro Metropolitan Interface
Transportation United and UnionPay QuickPass have inherent interconnection properties, and the implementation of QR codes faces interconnection problems, especially for subway operators. Numerous situations. At present, the ride codes promoted by Alipay and WeChat are based on APPs to realize the interoperability. The self-built subway apps in the Yangtze River Delta area are also implementing one-yard traffic. In fact, both are interoperable by exchanging the form of the QR code.
5. Only in terms of supporting data, NFC in the field of subway mobile payment has a tendency to come from behind.
Alipay and WeChat QR codes currently have a low support rate in metro cities, UnionPay QuickPass has a relatively high support rate, and policy factors have the highest support rate for transportation. This aspect is due to the giant QR code. The implementation of the code is affected by the subway's self-built APP. On the other hand, UnionPay QuickPass is mostly implemented together with Transportation.
In the UnionPay mobile QuickPass family, the above-mentioned mobile phone manufacturers all support mobile transportation cards
VI. Cardlessness, real-name system, and credit payment will be the general trend. The deposit may gradually disappear. Under the premise that the interest on the deposited funds is getting less and less, the real-name system will benefit operators' Internet + value-added services.
The current payment methods based on the transportation all-in-one card all use non-real-name identity systems, while QR codes and UnionPay QuickPass can implement real-name application services. In addition, Beijing All-in-One Card has cancelled the mobile phone transportation card deposit, and the Apple transportation card deposit is also refundable. Therefore, whether it is cardless, credit payment or real-name system are the characteristics of future transportation payment and even mobile payment.
Apple transportation card opening interface, including a refundable deposit of 20 yuan
Seven, face swiping and other biometric technologies are coming, or they can become a new force in subway mobile payment.
In addition to mainstream subway mobile payment methods such as QR code and NFC, biometric technologies including facial payment are also being developed in the transportation field. Currently known cities such as Fuzhou Metro, Chongqing Rail Transit, Jinan Metro, Guiyang Metro, Beijing Metro, etc., are testing or trialing face payment. The face-scanning service of Shenzhen Metro Line 11 will be opened to the elderly in the near future. With the commercialization and gradual rollout of 5G, there will be more and more face-scanning payment applications in the subway and public transport sector in the second half of the year and next year.
8. SubwayIt will be a test ground for transportation mobile payment innovation, and there will be more innovative payment applications in the future.
Metro payment has a long history, but from the perspective of innovation, the relatively stable environment of the subway is a test ground for innovation in the field of transportation payment. There are a large number of payment innovation services all over the subway. Unfold. Letâs take a look at some typical cases:
1, Jinan Metroâs face payment
On April 1, 2019, Jinanâs first subway line No. 1 was officially opened. There is also a face recognition ride system, which is the first subway line in China to use 3D face recognition turnstiles.
According to the mobile payment network, the face recognition of Jinan Metro adopts a 1:N comparison authentication form. The face information is entered in the cloud system server, and then real-time comparison authentication is performed through its own face. Only part of the turnstiles of Line 1 are supported. Users can use its official APP "Jinan Metro" to open and use.
2, Nanning Metro's full-state recognition
At the end of 2018, Nanning Metro Line 1 added a new full-state recognition system. This is the first time this technology has been applied to the domestic transportation payment field.
According to the understanding of the mobile payment network, the user first performs face recognition through the APP, and then completes the full-state recognition authentication before the gate to complete the application. After the authentication is completed, the user does not need to swipe the card or take out the mobile phone, and can pass the gate directly at a normal walking speed, and the system will automatically deduct the fee through the bound APP account. Full-state recognition is mainly based on the person's walking posture for identity recognition, which can be recognized in long-distance and non-cooperative situations. With the development of artificial intelligence, it can be combined with different biometric technologies.
3, Hefei Metro "One Pass"
In April 2018, Hefei Metro announced that its first nationwide "One Pass" mobile phone inbound and ride technology has succeeded Sanxiaokou Station was successfully piloted and will be promoted and used on the whole line of Line 1 and Line 2.
According to the understanding of the mobile payment network, "One Number Pass" is a rail transit ticket gate pass technology based on mobile phone payment function. It is a kind of mobile phone used by subway operators and communication operators to jointly provide passengers The intelligent service function of swiping the number and riding a car has no technical requirements for the mobile phone model, and it can be used as long as it is a mobile phone with 4G and above functions. Users can register and open through the "Hefei Rail Transit" or "Hefei Tong" APP, and charge and deduct fees through mobile "Hebao Payment".
The above are only innovative cases of some subway companies. There are also innovative applications such as voice self-service ticket purchase, mobile phone Bluetooth gate, palmprint recognition gate and other innovative applications are also piloted or run in the subway field. With the development and progress of science and technology, it is believed that more and more new technologies will be applied to the subway field, adding more to the non-sense payment experience and helping users to travel more conveniently.
Source: RT Rail Transit
