Satellite communication
Concept implementation + 6G + Internet of Everything + Military industry game
Analyst: Xiao boy
Let me analyze
Satellite communication It refers to using satellites as relay stations to forward microwave signals for communication. The benefits are obvious. The coverage is large. Its coverage is much larger than the general mobile communication system . Therefore, it plays an important role in disaster emergency communications and military and national defense. At the same time, satellite communications It is also one of the important application scenarios of commercial aerospace
▍ Low-orbit satellites Global competition landscape
The development and deployment of the world's major space countries in the field of low-orbit satellite communication networks has shown fierce competition. Investigating the fundamental motivation, in addition to the global emphasis on the commercial value and market potential of future satellite communications after the battle for 5G, the space resources and strategic value behind the low-orbit satellite communications network are the "must-haves" among major powers. ". If the global low-orbit satellite communication network project can be implemented, tens of thousands of low-orbit satellites will be put into orbit in the next five years, and the low-Earth orbit below 2,000km will enter an unprecedented crowded state.
At present, the United States has completed its work in this field "Searching for beach landing", the main reasons why the United States has a leading development advantage in the world in the field of low-orbit satellite communications are as follows. One is a strong technical foundation. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States took the lead in the field of aerospace. Currently, there are more than 1,500 active satellites in orbit belonging to the United States, accounting for half of the world’s total active satellites in orbit. The second is strong policy support. It can be seen from the active participation and layout of the low-orbit satellite communication network by the United States that there are obvious military intentions and considerations behind it. Once the deployment of the highly resilient and indestructible giant low-orbit satellite communication network is completed, it will greatly expand real-time information exchange and command on the battlefield. Control ability, or completely change the mode of information warfare
▍Characteristics of low-orbit satellites
According to the different satellite orbit heights, communication satellites can be divided into low-orbit communication satellites (LEO), medium-orbit communication satellites (MEO) and high-orbit geosynchronous communication satellites (GEO). The orbital altitude of LEO satellites is 500km~2000km, the orbital altitude of MEO satellites is 2000km~36000km, and the orbital altitude of GEO satellites is 36000km
. The benefits of low orbit are that on the one hand, the orbit of the satellite The low channel height results in short transmission delay and small path loss. A constellation composed of multiple satellites can achieve true global coverage and more effective frequency reuse; on the other hand, cellular communications, multiple access, spot beam , frequency reuse and other technologies also provide technical support for low-orbit satellite mobile communications. Therefore, the LEO system is considered to be one of the most promising satellite mobile communication technologies
▍ The basic composition of the low-orbit satellite communication system
The low-orbit satellite communication system mainly consists of space segment, user segment, ground segment, public and private network consists of four parts. Multiple satellites are arranged on several orbital planes, and the satellites on multiple orbital planes are connected by communication links. The entire constellation is like a large platform that is structurally connected to form a cellular service cell on the earth's surface. Users in the service area are covered by at least one satellite, and users can access the system at any time. Low-orbit satellite communications can be directly connected to a single ground terminal in the user segment, or can be connected to the ground public network through ground gateway stations.
▍Satellite communications industry chain
Satellite communications can be divided into upstream satellite manufacturing, rocket manufacturing, and satellite launch services. Midstream satellite operations, ground equipment manufacturing, and downstream industry applications. In the early stages of construction, the satellite manufacturing/ground equipment industry was the first to benefit. Among them, the phased array T/R chip accounts for about 10-20% of the satellite cost. It is the core component with the highest value in the satellite and has a broad market prospect.
▍ Why was there no large-scale development before? Promotion?
because of the high cost. However, as major technology giants accelerate related projects, the large-scale commercial promotion of satellite communications may accelerate . Some media reported that Huawei Mate50 will support satellite communications. In addition, Huawei consumer business CEO Yu Chengdong bluntly stated in the Mate50 warm-up video that Huawei will soon release a technology that will "break the sky upwards." In this regard, a Huawei internal Sources confirmed that the Mate50 released on September 6 will indeed support satellite communications, which means that Huawei will be the first to implement satellite communications on mobile phones before and Apple . As for Apple, well-known Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo said that satellite communication is one of the test projects before mass production of iPhone 14, and Apple has completed hardware testing of this function. The satellite communication of iPhone14 mainly provides emergency text messaging/voice services. Whether iPhone 14 will provide satellite communication services depends on whether Apple and operators can solve the business model. Apple may have completed the hardware development of satellite communications in iPhone13. The reason why it is not supported is because the business model has not been finalized yet. The operator most likely to partner with Apple for satellite communications is Globalstar. As for whether Apple has already used satellite communications, it will only be known in the release meeting in a few days.
▍ "6G = 5G + satellite network". The application prospects of satellite communications are broad.
6G This is a direction that most people think is very advanced. Now focus on 6G but the focus is not on 6G, but on the second half of 5G - millimeter wave. The future 6G pattern will be 5G + satellite network. 6G is moving forward at the established pace from demand to standard. The standard formulation will be basically completed in 2025 and will be commercialized around 2030. It may seem far away, but many related industry highlands need to be occupied first. The transmission speed of 5G millimeter wave will be about 10 times faster than the current centimeter wave. The speed is faster and the network delay is also lower. The current 5G network delay is 0.1 seconds, millimeter wave is 0.01 seconds, and 6G is 0.001 seconds. Domestic 5G is developing faster than abroad. One of the reasons is that our 5G is centimeter wave. Overseas, Europe and the United States basically directly develop millimeter wave across centimeter wave, so the construction speed is slower than domestic. The three major operators will accelerate the construction of millimeter wave base stations.
html The significant difference between 56G and 5G systems is that they clearly propose to achieve "global seamless coverage" and build an "inclusive and intelligent human society" - this goal must rely on satellites and other non-terrestrial This can only be achieved with key additions to the facility. In recent years, Boeing, Airbus, Amazon, Google, Facebook, SpaceX and other high-tech companies have invested in the field of low-orbit satellite communications, and proposed more than ten low-orbit satellite communication system solutions such as OneWeb and Starlink, with the goal of To achieve global Internet coverage, competition for low-orbit satellite orbits and spectrum resources will become increasingly fierce. Orbit and spectrum are prerequisites for the normal operation of communication satellites. Foreign companies have launched large-scale low-orbit satellite system solutions to seize the limited low-orbit satellite orbit and spectrum resources, and strive to occupy a share in the construction of low-orbit satellite communication system networks. Take the lead and "enclose the territory" The intention is clear.
6G involves a wide range of fields and technologies. The combination of space-space-ground integration, millimeter wave terahertz and other 6G-oriented technologies with 5G technology will make 5G investment more effective and 6G development more solid. The next 3 to 5 years will become the window period for 6G’s potential key technologies, which is the key to seizing the technological commanding heights in the communications field and cultivating the industrial foundation. The second half of 5G - 6G has gradually begun, and it has the value of continued attention.
▍ Space-based Internet
The concept of space-based Internet is also proposed in response to the shortcomings of terrestrial Internet. It can be applied to remote areas, rural areas, mountainous areas, and islands. , disaster areas, and areas where land communications are not easily covered such as ocean fleets and long-distance aircraft, it is an important supplement to the terrestrial Internet. Space-based Internet, also called the Global Mobile Broadband Satellite Internet System, refers to launching satellites into the sky to form a network, using satellites as base stations to form a global-covering communication system to provide Internet services to ground users. To put it simply, it means satellite network and global wifi.Space-based Internet is a new network system that uses various aerial platforms located above the earth to provide broadband Internet services to ground and air terminals. The integration of the low-orbit satellite network and the ground millimeter wave 5G network can realize the full coverage of the wireless communication network on the entire earth surface, near-Earth space and even part of the outer space, thereby truly realizing ubiquitous information interconnection. The best thing done in this direction is Musk's low-orbit satellite Starlink. Satellite communications are an important supplement to terrestrial networks. They have cost-effective advantages in sparse scenarios and provide universal services. The number of low-orbit orbits is limited. Only by launching more low-orbit satellites can we seize more resources. This is also the fundamental reason why my country has launched low-orbit communication satellites in recent years. It is a very clear development direction for communications. To meet the requirements of intelligent interconnection of all things, what is needed is 5G millimeter wave or 6G. Serving people, people and things, further expanding to support the efficient interconnection of intelligent agents, realizing the transition from the interconnection of all things to the intelligent interconnection of all things, realizing the intelligent interconnection of all things and digital twins
Once the space-based Internet is completed, the foundation for the interconnection of all things will be completed. Taking a scene closest to our lives as an example, the technical bottlenecks of intelligent navigation, autonomous driving and Internet of Vehicles will be broken through the development of space-based Internet and become an indispensable part of our lives. The biggest reason why smart navigation, autonomous driving and Internet of Vehicles cannot be applied at present is that the signal transmission speed under the 4G network is not fast enough and the delay is high. It is impossible to respond in time in case of emergency, and it is even more difficult to move in areas without signal coverage. Although 5G technology can solve the problem of signal transmission speed, it still cannot achieve full signal coverage. The space-based Internet can effectively solve these two problems. It has global signal coverage without blind spots and high-efficiency transmission. It can provide timely feedback on road conditions and formulate the best driving plan. Everything is under control.
▍How to judge How prosperous is the industry?
The simplest way is to look at
along the four directions of penetration rate, , localization, internationalization and supply and demand gap. The first is the penetration rate of . It is a high probability that the penetration rate of will increase rapidly, and with the advent of intelligence, it is inevitable With the acceleration of human driving, the penetration rate in this direction will increase. Secondly, is domestically produced and internationalized . Whether key core technologies can be localized is the key to the sustainability of the industry. The reason why wind and solar and new energy vehicles can continue is that the penetration rate has increased with localization. The same is true for satellite navigation. There are localized hardware with key core components. The market demand for internationalization has further increased. In the next three years, the market space for satellite navigation will exceed 400 billion
. In 2021, my country will conduct 55 space launch missions, ranking first in the world. The number of space mission launches in 2022 is expected to be more than 60, and the frequency of launches will remain high. Whether it is space-based Internet or satellite communications, it is obvious that satellites are required to be dense. Only when a dense matrix is achieved can real scale effects be achieved. my country is now in a matrix acceleration period.
With the inclusion of satellite Internet into new infrastructure, space, space and ground integrated networks Implementation is accelerating, demand for various satellites continues to be strong, and upstream satellite manufacturing will be the first to benefit.At present, the annual domestic satellite production capacity gap is 75%, and industry demand is forcing manufacturing to speed up. Shortening the satellite development cycle has become an urgent need for the industry.
With the continuous development of technology and increased policy support, represented by communications, navigation, remote sensing, etc. Satellite application scenarios are becoming increasingly abundant, and military demand has gradually expanded to the civilian market, closely integrating with industry applications. Among them, constellation networking represented by satellite Internet has brought increased demand on the downstream demand side, and the application of high-definition maps and Internet of Vehicles has become a major A clearer point of heavy volume
Some companies
Putian Technology The company's Dianke Navigation is mainly engaged in Beidou satellite navigation operation services, location application system integration, data platform R&D and technical services, geographical information and remote sensing information applications, and the research and development of navigation terminals. Production, sales and service. ASEAN Navigation is China Electronics Technology's implementation of the national Beidou strategy. It is based in Guangxi and provides satellite navigation operation services for ASEAN. By building a comprehensive space-based information application service platform, it integrates satellite remote sensing, satellite communications, satellite navigation and other space-based services. information data, Internet of Things data, and establish the Guangxi Earth Space Big Data Application and Cloud Service Center. At present, ASEAN Navigation focuses on promoting satellite navigation applications and actively exploring new models of practical technology and industrial development such as "Beidou + Internet" and " Internet + space-based information"
Aerospace Electronics Sub- The company is mainly engaged in the R&D and production of aerospace electronics-specific products and wire and cable products. Aerospace measurement and control communications, electromechanical components, integrated circuits, inertial navigation, etc. are the company's traditional strengths and specialties, and it has always maintained a domestic lead in the industry. level. The company has made every effort to promote the cultivation of aerospace technology application industrialization projects represented by terahertz systems, and has successfully established two key research projects on terahertz system applications
Chengchang Technology In terms of satellite Internet, a complete set of phased array T/R chip solutions for satellite-based and ground-based satellite Internet has been successfully launched. The silicon-based millimeter wave analog beamforming chip series developed by the company has excellent performance and has currently cooperated with many Scientific research institutes and advantageous enterprises cooperate
China Satellite Global Low Orbit Satellite Mobile Communications and Space Internet System (also known as " Hongyan Global Satellite Constellation Communication System "), developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Group Dongfanghong Satellite Mobile Communications Co., Ltd. The company is responsible for construction and operation. It is a commercial aerospace project. The system consists of hundreds of low-orbit satellites and global data business processing centers. The first satellite was developed by the company's subsidiary Shenzhen Dongfanghong and has been successfully launched. However, the constellation system Relevant units of the plan are in-depth demonstration, and the company is actively carrying out relevant work to strive for more ground system construction tasks and strive to participate in the construction of space-based systems. The first satellites of the Chang'e-4 relay satellite "Queqiao" and "Hongyan" global satellite constellation communication systems were respectively developed by the company's subsidiaries Aerospace Dongfanghong and Shenzhen Dongfanghong and successfully launched in 2018. Yaguang Technology company is one of the major domestic manufacturers of military microwave circuits and devices. TR components and other products are used in Tiangong , Shenzhou and Beidou series satellites; the company's power dividers, filters , switch components And various related radio frequency chips and other products are widely used in satellite communication measurement and control data transmission projects, and are used in ground, missile-borne, airborne, satellite-borne, and ship-borne application platforms
Huali Chuangtong The company is the research and development unit and product supplier of the national Beidou navigation chip and "Tiantong" satellite communication chip. The Tiantong mobile communication satellite system has been put into use
Knowledge sharing
What is the growth investment strategy?
The growth investment strategy refers to another widely used strategy.If a company's stock does not have good progress or growth prospects, it will lose the imagination of its intrinsic value, and there will be no real value at all. Typically, growth investors seek corporate stocks with high earnings growth and sales growth, and expect similar high growth to continue in the future. Even if prices are overvalued in the short term, these high-growth companies can return their prices to value through continuous growth. The key to the success of this strategy lies in how to find stocks with real growth potential.
The main growth investment strategies are as follows: 1. High profitability Growth strategy, as the name suggests, is to select stocks of companies with the fastest profit growth. 2. High net profit margin is the best indicator to measure a company's operating efficiency and its ability to compete with other companies in the industry. 3. High capital return rate is one of the characteristics of growth stocks
