Introduction: This article introduces the basic structure and intelligent characteristics of robots for industrial applications. Author: Jiang Mingwei Source: Huazhang Technology Intelligent robots are typical representatives of intelligent products.

Introduction: This article introduces the basic structure and intelligent features of robots for industrial applications.

Author: Jiang Mingwei

Source: Huazhang Technology

Intelligent robots are typical representatives of intelligent products. Intelligent robots must have at least the following three elements : one is the perception element , which is used to understand the state of the surrounding environment; the second is the movement element which makes reactive actions to the outside world; the third is the thinking element which is based on perception Based on the information obtained by the elements, consider what action to take.

People usually divide robots into three generations. The first generation of is the programmable robot . This kind of robot can generally complete some simple repetitive operations according to the program compiled by the operator. This generation of robots has been put into use since the second half of the 1960s and is now widely used in industry.

The second generation is perception robot , also called adaptive robot. It is developed on the basis of the first generation robot and has different degrees of ability to perceive the surrounding environment.

The third generation robot has intelligent mechanisms such as recognition, reasoning, planning and learning. It can intelligently combine perception and action, so it can operate in non-specific environments. It is called intelligent robot .

The fundamental difference between intelligent robots and industrial robots is that intelligent robots have the functions of perception, recognition, judgment and planning. Therefore, the intelligence of the machine can be divided into two levels. One is the function of perception, recognition, understanding and judgment; the second is the function of perception, recognition, understanding and judgment. The function of summarizing experience and learning.

Intelligent robots have different system structures and functions due to their different uses. here only introduces the basic structure and intelligent features of robots for industrial applications. Figure 2.3 is the basic structure of an intelligent robot.

▲ Figure 2.3 The basic composition of intelligent robots

01 Environment perception ability

The most significant intelligent feature of intelligent robots is the ability to perceive external and internal situations.

The external environment perception capability is realized by the external perception system, which uses a series of external sensors (including vision, hearing, touch, proximity, force, infrared, ultrasound, laser, etc.) to process sensing information and realize control and operation. . These sensors include collision sensor , far infrared sensor, photosensitive sensor, microphone, photoelectric encoder, pyroelectric sensor , ultrasonic sensor, continuous ranging infrared sensor, digital compass, temperature sensor, etc.

The internal perception system consists of a series of sensors used to detect the status of the robot itself. It can monitor the position, speed, acceleration, pressure and trajectory of each coordinate of each moving part of the robot in real time, and monitor the force, balance, and Temperature etc.

The intelligent perception system consists of information obtained by the external environment perception system and the internal perception system. There are more and more types and numbers of sensors used in this system. Each sensor has certain usage conditions and sensing range, and can provide information about part or the entire side of the environment or object. In order to effectively utilize this sensor information , it is necessary to use some form of synthesis or fusion processing of sensor information. A multi-form processing system for different types of information is sensor fusion. The fusion technology of

sensors involves new theories and methods in the fields of information, detection and control such as neural networks, knowledge engineering, and fuzzy theory.

02 Control capability

The system control capability of the intelligent robot is realized by the intelligent control system . The task of this system is to identify and apply different methods through the knowledge base and expert system based on the robot's operation instruction program and the signals fed back from internal and external sensors. The algorithm analyzes and makes decisions, and then issues control instructions to control the robot to complete specified movements and functions.

If the robot does not have information feedback characteristics, the control system of the robot is open-loop control system , otherwise it is closed-loop control system .According to the control principle, the control system can be divided into program control system, adaptive control system and artificial intelligence control system. According to the form of control movement, the control system can be divided into point control system and continuous trajectory control system. How

analyzes and processes this information and makes correct control decisions requires the support of an expert system. The expert system interprets the data collected from the sensors, derives the description of the robot state, deduce and predict possible results from the given state, and diagnoses possible system faults through the evaluation of the operating state.

plans and designs a series of actions according to the goals and constraints of the system design, monitors the differences between the results and the plan, and proposes methods to maintain the correct operation of the system. The artificial intelligence system is combined with traditional control methods to form the entire closed-loop control process. requires the support of a large amount of knowledge, rules, algorithms, pattern recognition and other technologies.

03 Learning ability

As the requirements for intelligent robots continue to increase, the environment faced by robots is usually unpredictable, and unstructured environments have become mainstream. In a dynamic and complex environment, if a robot wants to complete complex tasks, its learning ability is extremely important.

In this case, the robot should continuously adjust itself through learning according to the external environment and tasks it faces, and extract useful information in the process of interacting with the environment, so that it can gradually understand and adapt to the environment. Through learning, the intelligence level of the robot can be continuously improved, allowing it to cope with some unexpected situations, thereby making up for possible deficiencies caused by designers during the design process.

Therefore, learning ability is one of the important capabilities that robots should have. It provides effective guarantee for robots in complex and changeable environments in terms of environmental understanding, planning and decision-making, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the entire robot system.

04 The ability to access the Industrial Internet

Intelligent robots, like all intelligent products, will become a terminal of the Industrial Internet in the future, so intelligent robots must have the ability to access the Industrial Internet.

uses the principle of cyber-physical fusion system (CPS) to build a communication module. Internally, it integrates with the intelligent control system to collect all operating status of the robot. Externally, it connects to the Internet through a standard fieldbus and Ethernet card to realize robot-to-robot communication. The integration between robots and logistics systems and other application systems realizes the integration between the physical world and the information world.

intelligent IoT system breaks the boundaries between the traditional physical world and information systems. turns data into timely and useful information , allowing users to fully enjoy various resources in the virtual and real worlds.

This article is excerpted from "Intelligent Manufacturing: How AI can be implemented in the manufacturing industry" (ISBN: 978-7-111-69931-6), and is published with the authorization of the publisher.

Extended reading "Smart Manufacturing: The Way to Apply AI to the Manufacturing Industry"

Recommended words: This book explains the evolution and development of artificial intelligence technology\artificial intelligence technology system from the perspective of artificial intelligence technology in mechanical and electrical products, R&D and design, operation and management, Applications in production and manufacturing, customer service, and business decision-making, strategies for implementing artificial intelligence in manufacturing companies, etc. Provide some directions and suggestions for the application of artificial intelligence technology in manufacturing.