Some people pointed out that if the magma explodes deep underground, a super-large "catastrophic eruption" will cause catastrophic climate changes to the ground. Volcanoes like this are called " supervolcano ", but what happens if it does erupt, the science channel 'Kurzgesagt is scientifically explained through animation.
Supervolcano eruption produces dozens of times the power of all existing nuclear weapons in the world. Rain pours poisonous ashes and gas down and changes the climate for centuries within a year.
There are two reasons for the eruption of volcanic eruption first. The Earth has seven major plates and dozens of small plates, all moving at a rate of up to 15 cm a year.
At the boundaries of these plates, one plate moves under another. At this time, the rocks and water that make up the plate undergo chemical changes in the extremely hot underground and turn into magma. The resulting magma accumulates and erupts to the surface when sufficient energy accumulates.
Another reason is "mantle plume". Mantle plumes are considered to be unusually hot rock columns that extend from the core to the mantle boundary to the surface. While this is only a hypothesis, it seems that the mantle moves like convection inside the Earth, and some of the mantle may explode.
Even if it is called a volcanic eruption, the scale is very different. Geology family uses an index called " Volcanic Eruption Index (VEI)" to measure the scale of a volcanic eruption. VEI categories from 0 to 8.
In the eruption of VEI=2, fill all 400 2500 cubic meters of lava will erupt. Although the classification is relatively small, it is said that the 2021 Semeru eruption on Java Island killed dozens of people, which is equivalent to the eruption of VEI=2. There are about 10 volcanic eruptions with VEI=2 each year.
The Hurga-Tonga-Humga-Happa volcano eruption in Tonga in 2022 triggered a tsunami that affected distant Japan, with an estimated VEI of 5. When VEI=6, the impact will be greater. In 1883, the volcanic ash erupted from Krakato volcano in Indonesia reduced the temperature of the earth by nearly 0.5 degrees Celsius, which is the "highest sound in history" heard on the other side of the earth. An example of VEI=7 that has been said to have occurred was the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815, which was said to have a cooling effect on the other side of the world, with hundreds of thousands of people starving to death due to famine.
The largest VEI = 8 eruptions are rare, and the recent eruptions can be traced back tens of thousands of years ago. During the Oluanui volcano eruption in New Zealand about 26,500 years ago, a super-large volcano erupted, with the explosive power equivalent to blowing up Everest , which is said to have also brought cold to the earth. The Lake Doba eruption 74,000 years ago seemed to have caused the earth's temperature to drop by 4 degrees, and some even believed it had caused centuries of drought.
In the 3 Siberian dark rock volcanic eruption , millions of cubic kilometers of lava erupted, and the activity is believed to have lasted for 2 million years. It is estimated that more than 90% of the species on Earth have become extinct due to this effect, and it took about 9 million years to recover.
Kurzgesagt said: "We have never seen a near-catastrophic eruption in millions of years. Supervolcanoes are exaggerated to bring about the inevitable apocalypse, but don't be afraid. Instead, it is important to monitor underground changes in order to take early countermeasures for smaller eruptions and address climate change caused by eruptions."
