This year marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of Mendel , the first time Genetic Evolution won the Nobel Prize for , and can be regarded as the best commemoration.
It is amazing that the 1982 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology and Medicine Sun Bergstromron is the father of Svanter Pebo.
In 1999, Pebb established the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. He led the team to steadily improve the methods of isolating and analyzing DNA from ancient skeletal remains, making DNA sequencing efficient.
Neanderthal studied by Pebo is a close relative of today's humans. It was extinct as early as 30,000 years ago. It seems a fantasy to sequence its genome, but Pebo and his team did it. He also discovered a previously unknown ancient race - the Denisova.
Pebo's pioneering research has established a brand new scientific discipline - paleogenomics. By revealing the genetic differences between modern humans and extinct humans, he laid the foundation for exploring what makes us unique humans, and has given modern people a new understanding of the history of human evolution .
In 2007, due to the epoch-making research on the origin of , Pebo was rated as one of the 100 most influential people in the world by the American Time magazine. In 2008, he was named one of the 8 Science Heroes of the Year by the world's top science journal "New Scientist".
In November 2020, the paper published by Pebo's team in the journal " Nature " showed that:
"The risk of respiratory failure after the new coronavirus infection is related to a gene cluster on human chromosome 3. Our research shows that this risk gene was inherited from Neanderthals, and about 50% of South Asians and about 16% of Europeans carry the gene."
applause!
has won the highest honor in the world's scientific community and reached its peak in life. Pebo is naturally extremely excited.
On October 3, local time in Leipzig, Germany, on the day of the award, the 67-year-old man still carried his work bag as usual and went to work at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Humanities, which he founded.
When he approached the door of the institute, he found that it was quiet inside. Perhaps he guessed that his colleagues knew about his award, but he didn't know how they would greet him. He saw the door open and guessed what was going on inside. He was very curious and stopped hesitantly.
He stuck to the door, playing hide-and-seek like a child, tilting his head, and visiting the hall.
He saw his colleagues who were with him day and night, and his colleagues also saw him. He couldn't hide it anymore, laughed happily, and walked straight in.
All colleagues gathered in the lobby on the first floor, and there were also many people who were sincerely happy for Pebo, a total of more than 100 people, waiting for the arrival of the new Nobel Prize winners.
When I saw Pebo, the crowd immediately applauded thunderously, and someone cheered excitedly, sending him the warmest congratulations.
Pebo felt the enthusiasm of his colleagues and kept grinning.
He was very moved, walked over, put down his backpack, and bowed several times to the crowd.
throw it into the pool!
After congratulating and expressing respect in person, everyone was still unhappy. I don’t know who started to make a fuss and came up with a bad idea to tease the new Nobel Prize winner.
Although Pebo is almost seventy years old, everyone still wants to play with the local joy and customs and want to throw him into the water.
Everyone happily came to the pool in the research institute building.
Pebo saw that the water surface was more than two meters high from the ground, but he didn't want to disappoint everyone's fun, so he took off his coat and only wore a close-fitting sweatshirt and autumn pants.
Everyone lifted Pebo up and threw it into the pool more than half a person deep, falling and splashing.
See from the video that Pebo was completely immersed in the water, and then floated up, soaking all over. He wiped the water from his face and comfortably raised the water on the water, pushing the joyful atmosphere to a climax.
Subsequently, Leipzig held a special press conference locally to invite Pebo to attend.
colleagues and colleagues hugged Pebo tightly, presented flowers to celebrate his award of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
The winner of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was actually thrown into the pool by his colleagues, which has sparked international heated discussion.
Some netizens commented on the domestic market:
"That scene was so warm and touching. What a relaxed and free scientific research atmosphere, what a harmonious and sincere colleague relationship."
Mortals are selfish and are prone to jealousy of the achievements of others. It is also difficult for the author to avoid the vulgarity.
Can be free from jealousy or ironic about the achievements and merits of others, but sincerely rejoice and praise. This is a noble virtue of mankind.
In fact, this is also one of the good virtues that the Buddhist family has always advocated, and the professional word is called "rejoice".
vs. Tu Youyou's experience
Also awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, one of the winners in 2015, Tu Youyou, a famous pharmacist in my country, has encountered jealousy, slander and even attacks from many colleagues and colleagues.
Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovering a new therapy for malaria " and two other scientists who "discovered a new therapy for parasitic infection caused by nematode ".
Half a century ago, malaria seriously endangered human health and claimed the lives of countless people. Vietnam once asked China for emergency help.
Tu Youyou's research began with participating in the "523 Project" for the study of new drugs for malaria prevention and control in 1967.
Tu Youyou proposed the low-temperature extraction of the effective ingredients of Artemisia annua . After 191 experiments, effective substances for preventing and treating malaria were finally successfully extracted from Artemisia annua.
Artemisia annua extract has an inhibitory rate of Plasmodium , with low toxic side effects and significant antimalarial drugs.
But Tu Youyou has been questioned and criticized. Some people suspect that her extract is toxic, while others don’t like her behavior and think that she is lonely and unsociable.
so that she had to test the medicine and poison with several colleagues.
1973, the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences determined the molecular formula of artemisinin . The "523 Office" decided to name the effective object discovered by Tu Youyou "artemisinin" and comprehensively promote and use it.
1982, at the National Science and Technology Awards Conference, Tu Youyou received the invention medal and certificate as the first inventor of the first inventor of artemisinin.
In 1987, Tu Youyou's scientific research results won the second prize of National Natural Science Award . But some people went to the Ministry of Science and Technology to complain, believing that Tu Youyou "will exclusively take over his achievements."
In August 1996, Tu Youyou was invited to attend the "Outstanding Science and Technology Achievement Collective Award of the Year - Artemisinin Award", and was accused by a scientist on the spot, believing that artemisinin was a collective contribution of the "523 Project".
In May 2004, WHO officially listed artemisinin compound drug as the first choice for the treatment of malaria. The global malaria mortality rate fell by 47%, the African malaria mortality rate fell by 54%, and the African child mortality rate fell by 58%.
Because she does not have a doctorate degree and study abroad background, she has published very few papers and works. Her colleagues also believe that artemisinin is a collective scientific research result. Tu Youyou was completely rejected. She applied for an academician four times, but none of them succeeded.
Tu Youyou's research results have been highly praised by Louis Miller, an academician of the American Academy of Sciences and an expert in antimalarial research. Miller believes that artemisinin is a great invention and should be recommended to the Nobel Prize Committee.
With the assistance of Chinese assistant Dr. Su Xinzhi, Miller consulted a large amount of historical documents and finally determined that Ms. Tu Youyou made a key contribution to the invention of artemisinin.
Since 2010, Miller has recommended Tu Youyou to the Nobel Prize Organizing Committee every year.
In 2011, the American Lask Clinical Medicine Prize, known as the " Nobel Prize Weather Vane", was awarded to Tu Youyou.
After learning the news, some domestic peers were not happy, but instead questioned again, emphasizing that the discovery of artemisinin is a collective contribution and Tu Youyou should not win the Nobel Prize.
But both the Lask Prize and the Nobel Prize must be traced from the source and can only be awarded to individuals.
2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Discussion Group conducted a comprehensive investigation and understood the process of Tu Youyou's discovery of artemisinin. The jury determined that:
Tu Youyou was the first to introduce artemisinin into the "523" project team, the first to mention 100% activity, and the first to conduct clinical trials. Any of these three key points is enough to win the award.
In December 2015, Tu Youyou finally won the Nobel Prize in Biology and Medicine, becoming the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Science .
has aroused greater dissatisfaction from domestic colleagues and colleagues. Some people have revealed that the jury did not understand the actual situation and assigned dozens of research groups led by the "523 Office" at that time to Tu Youyou. This award should be collective.
Someone else sarcastically said: Tu Youyou exaggerated her role in the research group, and she never admitted to other people's work.
Some even directly criticized her for winning the award, which is the result of replacing the collective in the name of an individual.
In 2015, Tu Youyou was 85 years old. She dragged her sick body to attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in person. In her speech, she said:
"I also want to invite 85 scientists who have participated in the 523 project to Sweden to jointly publish the scientific research report on artemisinin, but I am afraid that the Nobel Prize Foundation will not be able to bear this huge expense. In the end, I decided to come alone, represent China, represent Chinese traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese scientists, and receive the Nobel Prize..."
The elderly in their octogenarian thanked the great leader, Ge Hong, millions of Africans, and scientific researchers who have worked together. "The only thing I don't thank is myself." After returning to China, Tu Youyou told reporters, "Scientific research results are team achievements..."
Tu Youyou shared a bonus of 4 million Swedish kroner (about 2.65 million yuan). She herself deducted the travel expenses of her family accompanying her to and from the Swedish award ceremony, and donated 2 million yuan of them to Peking University School of Medicine and Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The Tu Youyou Innovation Fund was established to reward young scientific researchers.
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