Since the news that the Arctic can wear short-sleeved sleeves was reported, everyone has begun to worry about the situation of the ocean, believing that under this trend, it will not take long to invade the land with great fanfare and completely swallow up the homes built by people. At this time, someone was thinking about it. pointed out that it was easy to solve this problem. Just find a way to freeze all on the Earth and Oceans . .
At that time, the earth may become "hockey"
You may think, this idea is too outrageous, and science fiction movies dare not act like this. But in fact, is really possible, and a piece of "Ice No. 7" is enough . So, what exactly is this "No. 7 ice"? Can it really freeze all the Earth's oceans?
Is there really such magical ice on Earth?
Ice has many ice phases
When it comes to ice No. 7, many people must be full of question marks. How does the ice frozen from be divided into "three, six, nine grades" by humans . We have never heard of this name in our daily lives. In fact, scientists have started classifying ice since early on. The reason for classification is that is because from a microscopic perspective, there is indeed a big difference between various ices .
It is obvious that if you just observe from the surface, it is difficult to see the differences between various types of ice. must analyze the crystal structure of ice in microscopic world .
By this standard, ice that we often see in our daily lives belongs to the number one ice . Due to its internal structure, people also call it hexagonal ice. Schematic diagram of molecular structure of ice No.
1, of course, at first, people thought that ice in nature should be "mass-production", and simply put, they are all exactly the same. But later everyone realized that when the temperature and pressure change, the hydrogen bond between the water molecules will show different grid structures and strengths, thus presenting many complex ice phases , and each ice phase has its own characteristics.
According to current research, humans have discovered more than a dozen ice crystal structures in , most of which are obtained in the laboratory. Because under natural environment, it is difficult to allow pressure and temperature that meet people's requirements to appear simultaneously. Among them, only hexagonal phase ice Ih and cubic phase ice Ic can naturally form in nature and exist in .
Schematic diagram of the three-state change conditions of water
Just like this, people began to explore the ice phase of ice since 1900, and At that time, people obtained hydrogen-ordered ice No. 2 through simple pressurization. However, since the observation equipment is not very good, Ice No. 2 was not structurally analyzed by people through the single crystal X-ray diffraction method in .
Later, as the experimental device becomes more and more perfect, the observation equipment becomes more and more advanced, and people have discovered more ice phases, including the 7 ice we are going to talk about today. So how was the 7 ice discovered? Who is it sacred? Is the ice of
7 different from ordinary ice?
The magical "Ice No. 7"
First of all, it needs to be explained, that is, when scientists explore the ice phase, does use numbers to sort and name it, but they usually add Roman numerals after the ice. For example, 7 ice will be expressed as ice VII. Therefore, whether it is Ice No. 7 or Ice VII, it refers to something in essence.
According to the data, Klotz, the discoverer of Ice No. 7, found in the laboratory that by decompressing ice VI in an environment below 95K, high-pressure phase ice VII can be obtained. And after this, some researchers in said that ice No. 7 can be stably present in under a pressure of 22 kbar. As for the internal structure of ice No. 7, is composed of two mutually structured cubic ice lattices, and there is no connected hydrogen bond between the sublattices . Schematic diagram of molecular structure of
7 ice
If you want to compare it with the common ice 1, you will find that the density of ice 7 is very high, and is about 1.5 times that of ice 1 .From this point of view, the No. 7 Ice is much "solid" than we imagined. In addition, compared with ice No. 7, the freezing point of ice No. 7 is higher than ice No. 1.
Everyone knows that generally speaking, water will solidify only when it is below 0 degrees Celsius. However, the number 7 ice is a representative of the sword's deviant trend. can solidify when .9 degrees Celsius . Judging from the temperature alone, it seems to appear easily in daily life.
Usually, the temperature of water freezing is 0 degrees
, but the temperature is not enough. As we just said in the previous article, the change in the ice phase of is caused by the combined effect of pressure and temperature. Although the solidification temperature of ice No. 7 is relatively high, its requirements for pressure are also ridiculously high.
According to research data, it takes to freeze a piece of No. 7 ice to to billion pa , while our standard atmospheric pressure is only 101.325 kPa . Even if we enter the deepest Mariana Trench , the number 3 billion pa is still far from the 3 billion pa meter.
The deepest pressure in the trench can reach 110 megapas
Of course, there are all kinds of wonders in the world. Scientists originally thought that ice No. 7 would definitely not be discovered in natural environments, but unexpectedly, in 2018, an American research team accidentally discovered an diamond . Although diamonds are precious, they are not surprising in essence. The problem with is that there is a rare number 7 ice among diamonds.
It turns out that diamond became the laboratory for the condensation of ice No. 7 in unexpected situations. You should know that it can not only meet the needs of ice No. 7 in terms of pressure, but also rely on locking it in the body to keep the temperature below a certain limit. In this case, a fairly mini No. 7 ice was born.
Diffraction pattern of ice No. 7 in diamond
Scientists were excited when they discovered this situation, but some people were very worried. Because among many imaginative descriptions, the existence of ice is not a good thing for humans. On the contrary, it may be regarded as a weapon to destroy the earth by criminals.
Can a piece of ice number 7 really make the earth's oceans frozen directly?
At that time, humans may not need to learn to swim.
7 ice can freeze the ocean
In fact, the statement that ice No. 7 can freeze the ocean cannot be regarded as "breaking out of thin air", because the characteristics of ice No. 7 are indeed more in line with this idea .
According to scientists' research, if ice No. 7 is formed under natural conditions and the air pressure and temperature at that time meet its need to continue to freeze, then this guy will spread out wildly from that "point". can even freeze in just one hour, even ,600 kilometers of nearby.
Ice No. 7 under computer simulation
Therefore, there are people who think that if people are given a piece of No. 7 ice, can indeed freeze the entire ocean under the appropriate conditions and time. However, through the above introduction, we also understand that temperature alone is not enough, and there is no pressure required for the formation of ice No. 7 on the surface of the earth at all.
In this case, even if someone throws a complete piece of ice No. 7 into the sea, there will be no expected scene of the ocean being frozen quickly. More likely, the ice melted when it entered.
has ended before taking action...
Of course, the absence of such an environment on earth does not mean that it does not exist on other planets. According to scientists' research, exoplanet , which is more than 20 light years away from Earth, may have the potential to breed ice No. 7 . After all, the pressure and temperature on this planet can satisfy the No. 7 ice. More importantly, its surface does not seem to have land, and is completely wrapped in by the ocean.
In short, theoretically speaking, Ice No. 7 does have the ability to freeze the ocean. But it wants to do this, there are too many preconditions for , and the earth obviously cannot meet its .So, it is really impossible to freeze the ocean of the earth with just a piece of ice.
"Want to freeze me? Practice again!"
It is worth mentioning that in addition to the specialty of "fast freezing" that is often mentioned by people, also has a magical No. 18 ice, which has frequently been on the hot list of discussions since it was discovered.
Superionic Ice Phase-18 Ice
If it is shocking that ice No. 7 can condense at room temperature, then 8 Ice will once again subvert our cognition. As early as 1988, physicists who were addicted to studying ice phases gave a prediction about "high temperature freezing". Although
looks incredible, he believes that in extreme environments where exists at the same time as high temperature and high pressure, oxygen ions are that can be locked in solid cubic lattice . As for , hydrogen ion can be moved freely therein. Schematic diagram of molecular structure of ice No.
In this case, the ice crystal structure of will be more stable and the melting point will be higher . This prophecy was finally confirmed 30 years later.
It is reported that in 2018, LLNL physicists Millot and others found the first clue to the existence of ultraionic ice. They compress the liquid water, making the liquid water turn into solid ice in a few nanoseconds. The conductivity has increased hundreds of times more than before in a short period of time, which means that water ice has become a "superion" state.
What will superion ice look like?
is similar to that physicist's prediction. When the pressure is between 249 and 278 GPa and the temperature is between 2000 and 3000K, ice No. 18 can successfully appear . From this situation, this piece of ice has really achieved "rebirth from fire".
