In recent years, bad weather on the earth has become more and more frequent, and many people have lost their lives in these sudden disasters. This situation also made everyone realize that earth may really not be able to accompany human civilization to "end of old age", so humans urgently need to find the second home of in the universe .
Earth is the unique home of human beings
Although Mars is the first choice to immigrate planet, after the sun enters old age, the entire solar system will no longer be suitable for survival , so humans have to make plans for themselves early and find a new home outside the solar system .
So, is there any second earth in the universe? have! But we will never see each other.
Concept map of the vast universe
" Second Earth " needs to have
The second earth in the universe is also called Super Earth , These planets are all Earth planets , and their bodies are larger than the earth , so you can see it as the plus version of the earth. The reason why scientists are looking for planets similar to the Earth is not only because they know what environment humans live in to be more comfortable.
You should know that our interstellar immigration plan is not to rush to another planet to "death". instead let human civilization continue to take root in another place and then continue to . So when choosing a site, scientists are still very particular.
Super Earth Concept Map
In order to better search, scientists divided the habitable zone according to the position of the earth in the solar system and the distance from the sun, and then searched for planets similar to the earth in the habitable zones of each galaxy . These planets generally need to have the following characteristics before they have the potential to become the second home of mankind.
is the first component. Since the earth itself is rock planet , we will also pay special attention to this when searching . The super earths found so far generally have larger mass than the earth, and the upper limit of is about 10 times the mass of the earth . In this case, the gravity above the super earth is very strong.
Internal structure diagram of the earth
The second is whether this second earth has the appropriate temperature of . does not mean that it is absolutely suitable for the earth to achieve absolute temperature, nor can it be too exaggerated . Because it is too cold or too hot is not a good thing for humans, and if it is too cold, it means that the planet may be a "frozen planet" like Pluto . , which does not have liquid water, is obviously not in line with human needs.
Pluto with an average surface temperature of about -200℃
Finally, it is the question of whether the super earth has magnetic field or atmospheric . The situation of the atmosphere is easier to observe, but , but the problem of magnetic field is elusive.
This is because humans have so far limited exploration of the earth's internal world. still has many unsolved problems in the birth and maintenance of the earth's magnetic field . Therefore, it is difficult for us to use something that is already unclear to make judgments on the super earth. However, whether or not one has a magnetic field is still very important to humans.
Earth's magnetic field diagram
To sum up, under this screening, humans still found many second earths. Although they always show shortcomings in some aspects, , as long as the similarity meets certain requirements, scientists will include them on the alternative list .
, such as Kepler-452b, Glitzer 581c, etc., , these super earths and the earth have similarities.
In recent years, bad weather on the earth has become more and more frequent, and many people have lost their lives in these sudden disasters. This situation also made everyone realize that earth may really not be able to accompany human civilization to "end of old age", so humans urgently need to find the second home of in the universe .
Earth is the unique home of human beings
Although Mars is the first choice to immigrate planet, after the sun enters old age, the entire solar system will no longer be suitable for survival , so humans have to make plans for themselves early and find a new home outside the solar system .
So, is there any second earth in the universe? have! But we will never see each other.
Concept map of the vast universe
" Second Earth " needs to have
The second earth in the universe is also called Super Earth , These planets are all Earth planets , and their bodies are larger than the earth , so you can see it as the plus version of the earth. The reason why scientists are looking for planets similar to the Earth is not only because they know what environment humans live in to be more comfortable.
You should know that our interstellar immigration plan is not to rush to another planet to "death". instead let human civilization continue to take root in another place and then continue to . So when choosing a site, scientists are still very particular.
Super Earth Concept Map
In order to better search, scientists divided the habitable zone according to the position of the earth in the solar system and the distance from the sun, and then searched for planets similar to the earth in the habitable zones of each galaxy . These planets generally need to have the following characteristics before they have the potential to become the second home of mankind.
is the first component. Since the earth itself is rock planet , we will also pay special attention to this when searching . The super earths found so far generally have larger mass than the earth, and the upper limit of is about 10 times the mass of the earth . In this case, the gravity above the super earth is very strong.
Internal structure diagram of the earth
The second is whether this second earth has the appropriate temperature of . does not mean that it is absolutely suitable for the earth to achieve absolute temperature, nor can it be too exaggerated . Because it is too cold or too hot is not a good thing for humans, and if it is too cold, it means that the planet may be a "frozen planet" like Pluto . , which does not have liquid water, is obviously not in line with human needs.
Pluto with an average surface temperature of about -200℃
Finally, it is the question of whether the super earth has magnetic field or atmospheric . The situation of the atmosphere is easier to observe, but , but the problem of magnetic field is elusive.
This is because humans have so far limited exploration of the earth's internal world. still has many unsolved problems in the birth and maintenance of the earth's magnetic field . Therefore, it is difficult for us to use something that is already unclear to make judgments on the super earth. However, whether or not one has a magnetic field is still very important to humans.
Earth's magnetic field diagram
To sum up, under this screening, humans still found many second earths. Although they always show shortcomings in some aspects, , as long as the similarity meets certain requirements, scientists will include them on the alternative list .
, such as Kepler-452b, Glitzer 581c, etc., , these super earths and the earth have similarities.
NASA scientist Natalie Batalia said, " red dwarf , orange dwarf and yellow dwarf account for about 90% of the Milky Way stars. According to conservative estimates, 15% of these stars have a planet in the habitable zone and 1 to 1.6 times the size of the Earth, which means there are 13.5 billion potential habitable planets."
Partial habitable planet diagram
Since there are so many second earths in the universe, humans have also determined the location of many super earths in their past explorations, why do we say we will never see them?
distance is a flaw
When everyone observes carefully, will find that today's world is "those who get energy will win the world" . The previous series of disputes over oil are enough to prove it.
Oil is one of the most important resources in industrial production
If humans used to compete for energy in order to make their country stronger, then they are paying more attention to energy now, and is because it means who has the ability to first rush out of the earth and go to other planets to "dividing territory" .
After all, these uninformed planets often have no belongings, so by then, first come first served will inevitably occur. and to reach the nearest planet, you need sufficient fuel for . If we keep moving forward at such a speed, Mars may be the limit of human "interstellar travel".
Concept map of spacecraft
Look at these discovered super earths, is more than ten light years closer to the earth, while those farther away are hundreds of light years or even thousands of light years away. Not to mention hundreds or thousands of light-years away, we cannot reach the super earth just a dozen light-years away.
First of all, the human aircraft is very slow and , which means that it takes thousands or even tens of thousands of years to span a light year . The history of human civilization is only more than 6,000 years, and such a long expedition is unacceptable to us.
Space Shuttle is too small for the universe
Secondly, Human life span prevents us from running to the distant second earth. Even if we count as everyone can live to 100 years old, there will be no accidents during long-distance travel. If you want to reach the super earth closest to the earth, you will also have to go through generations of . Not to mention, The universe environment causes great harm to the human body , and it is difficult for us to ensure longevity during long-distance travel in space.
To sum up, you will find that the reason why the second earth exists but is difficult to meet us is that is "too far away" . In the case of such a distance flaw, we only have two choices to solve this problem.
Human life span is very short.
either speeds up the aircraft to make it reach the near-light speed level, or extends the life span , increasing the upper limit of life span to thousands of years.
Of course, everyone knows that from the current perspective, both and are not realistic . Therefore, for the problem of the second earth, we can only search and discover continuously, and we cannot do it now if we want to observe and even arrive at the close range.
Only by constantly exploring the universe can we understand the universe better
It is worth mentioning that in fact, it is difficult to implement the matter of searching the second earth. Because until now, humans have not understood 's basic "measurement information" such as the atmosphere and volume of the Second Earth.
Search on the second earth is not easy
We have said in the previous article that in order to further narrow the scope of search, scientists artificially divided the concept of livable belt . As the research continues to deepen, scientists have found that in fact, livable belts are not necessarily a completely correct indicator. They may occasionally move and regress, depending on the changes in the star inside its .
data shows that according to the definition of Kopparapu et al. in 2013, the habitable zone of the solar system extends from the inside of the Earth's orbit to the outside of the Martian orbit.
Schematic diagram of habitable zone and habitable planets
Not to mention that there is still a certain difference between other stars and the sun in the universe , which leads to appropriate changes in the range of the habitable zone .
For example, for sun-like stars, the range of the habitable zone is about 0.99-1.7 AU. If the distance between this star and the earth is 10pc (second gap, 1pc=3.26 light years), then to successfully observe this galaxy, you must use a space telescope with a diameter greater than 3 meters.
The temperature in the livable zone will not be too cold or too hot
In fact, from this point, we can see that human observation equipment is still very limited, which limits our search range and observation situation . For many super earths that have been discovered, important data still appear unclear. This is the performance of due to the development of technology.
However, today, when searching for the Second Earth activities is attracting more and more attention, the funds and manpower invested by various countries have changed significantly. In the future, human beings may find more information about the Second Earth under technological innovation .
There are still many "universes" that have not been detected by humans
even said that We can also obtain stronger observation capabilities through new methods of spatial synthesis aperture telescope array interference imaging , and maybe we can take photos of the second earth.
Of course, there is still a big gap between finding and arriving. At present, don’t be too optimistic about immigration to the second earth, because our aircraft speed is indeed too far behind .
Conceptual map of future spacecraft
can only expect that in the next hundred years, human technology will usher in explosive development. In this way, we have the opportunity to arrive light years away and see what these planets that are very similar to the earth look like.
Schematic diagram of habitable zone and habitable planets
Not to mention that there is still a certain difference between other stars and the sun in the universe , which leads to appropriate changes in the range of the habitable zone .
For example, for sun-like stars, the range of the habitable zone is about 0.99-1.7 AU. If the distance between this star and the earth is 10pc (second gap, 1pc=3.26 light years), then to successfully observe this galaxy, you must use a space telescope with a diameter greater than 3 meters.
The temperature in the livable zone will not be too cold or too hot
In fact, from this point, we can see that human observation equipment is still very limited, which limits our search range and observation situation . For many super earths that have been discovered, important data still appear unclear. This is the performance of due to the development of technology.
However, today, when searching for the Second Earth activities is attracting more and more attention, the funds and manpower invested by various countries have changed significantly. In the future, human beings may find more information about the Second Earth under technological innovation .
There are still many "universes" that have not been detected by humans
even said that We can also obtain stronger observation capabilities through new methods of spatial synthesis aperture telescope array interference imaging , and maybe we can take photos of the second earth.
Of course, there is still a big gap between finding and arriving. At present, don’t be too optimistic about immigration to the second earth, because our aircraft speed is indeed too far behind .
Conceptual map of future spacecraft
can only expect that in the next hundred years, human technology will usher in explosive development. In this way, we have the opportunity to arrive light years away and see what these planets that are very similar to the earth look like.
