National Cultural Heritage Administration: Fossils of ancient human skulls were discovered in Hubei, which proves that my country's million-year history of human evolution
In 2022, the Liangzi site of Hubei Xuetang was discovered, which caused a huge sensation.
The site has previously discovered: 2 ancient human skull fossils about 1 million years ago, more than 20 mammal fossils and 207 stone products, and more than 2,000 stone products and a small number of animal fossils were also excavated.
"Yunxian Ren" No. 3 skull characteristics: buried in the sandy soil strata, including the exposed frontal bone (including the eyebrow ridge), the orbit, the parietal bone , the left zygomatic bone and the temporal bone and the left side of the occipital bone.
Yunxianren No. 3 Skull
The significance of "Yunxianren" No. 3 Skull:
is the most intact ancient human skull fossil discovered in the inland of European and Asia so far, retaining the important and scarce anatomy features of humans at this stage.
This fossil is located in the middle and key links of the evolutionary process of ancient humans in the past 2 million years, and provides detailed and critical fossils and cultural evidence for major issues such as the evolutionary model of East Asian ancient humans, the source of East Asian Homo erectus , and the evolutionary relationship between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens in East Asian.
has a greater significance, the skull of "Yunxian Ren" No. 3 strongly supports the theory of origin in many places in human beings.
Ape evolution theory of human origin
Ape evolution theory divides the human development process into five stages: Australopithecus , erectile, Homo erectile, Homo ohana and modern humans.
Australopithecus: Living 4.2 million to 1.5 million years ago, he could use natural tools, but could not make tools.
capable people: Living 2 million to 1.5 million years ago, they can make simple tools.
Homo erectus: Living between 2 million and 200,000 years ago, he would build different stone tools, start using symbols and basic languages, learn to use fire, and start hunting, which is the most critical stage of human evolution in .
Homo sapiens: Living 200,000 to 10,000 years ago, it is very close to modern humans. Not only is it completely upright, but its brain capacity has reached the size of modern humans (average is 1360mL).
Ape evolution theory of human origin
Ape evolution theory is the current mainstream.
However, there are many differences on where human beings originated.
The two most important schools are: the theory of origin of humans in Africa and the theory of the common origin of humans in many places.
Theory of the Origin of Human Africa
The main basis of the Origin of Human Africa:
1) The ancient humans of Africa are rich in fossils
There are many ancient human fossils in Africa, and the fossils are old.
For example: Ancient Australopithecus fossils, which have been around 3.9 to 4.2 million years ago, were discovered in Ethiopian in Africa.
There are also many types of ancient human fossils found in Africa, with as many as a dozen.
Fosts in Africa can be found in various stages of human origin, including fossils in the Australopithecus, Homo erectus and Homo sapiens.
2) mitochondrial Eve theory
Eve theory believes that modern earthlings are descendants of an African female ancestor 200,000 years ago.
The descendants of Eve left Africa and spread to Europe, Asia and other places. After millions of years of evolution, they formed different races.
3) DNA fragment experiment, reproductive isolation without
confirmed the African theory of origin through hemoglobin amino acid differences experiments in various animals and DNA fragment experiments.
genes extracted from ancient fossils were compared and analyzed with Y chromosome and genomic genes of modern humans.
also infers the human situation in ancient times based on the current distribution of mutation points of various genes.
4) Modern human structure, linguistics, etc.
is based on the research of modern human structure, and even linguistics to prove that modern human originated in Africa.
Theory of the common origin of humans in many places
As there are more and more ancient human fossils in China, the traditional basis for supporting the origin of humans in Africa is becoming increasingly difficult to convince.
1) There are more and more ancient human fossils in China
There are more and more ancient human fossils in China, more and more abundant, and very continuous and complete.
and there are obvious physical inheritance characteristics between the fossils.
Obviously, the local human population in China has never been interrupted, but is constantly evolving.
2) Mitochondrial research is too rough
Many people are affected by the biblical version of Adam and Eve origin, thinking that the gene mutation is a one-time monomer mutation and then spread out.
In fact: the same species will have the same probability of gene mutation in the same environment.
Humans evolved from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens, but it was not that some monkey suddenly evolved successfully, and achieved a jumping evolution at one time.
has evolved for a long time, and it takes millions of years and hundreds of millions of gene mutations to make population characteristics cause qualitative changes from quantitative change.
Many people only recognize one ancestor, but in fact, the ancestors of human beings cannot be so single.
We use assumptions to infer the number of ancestors:
Each person has two fathers (father and mother), four grandfathers (father's father, mother's father)...
and so on. Each person's ancestors have countless, instead of simply being classified as one.
3) DNA fragment experiment, humans have reproductive isolation
extracts DNA from ancient fossils, which has many defects, which can easily cause pollution, and greatly reduce the accuracy.
used to believe that the genes between humans and orangutans are 98% the same, and the genetic difference between humans should be less than 0.5%.
latest gene research found that the genetic gap between different people is beyond imagination.
There is no reproductive isolation between humans, and it is one of the basis for supporters of African single-point origin theory to deny the theory of origin in multiple places. The territory of
Sichuan golden monkey and Yunnan golden monkey are so close that they are reproductive isolation, but humans are thousands of miles apart but not.
In fact, South China Tiger and Siberian Tiger are also thousands of kilometers apart, and there is no reproductive isolation.
Why is this?
This is because:
Since humans became Homo erectus, they have been at the top of the food chain, like tigers,
species at the top of the food chain, unless they are physically isolated by islands or other physical isolation, and there will be no reproductive isolation.
However, for humans, even islands cannot isolate humans.
In other words, after becoming Homo erectus, humans have always been at the top of the food chain and have maintained global gene exchange .
Many scholars who support the theory of African origin often have a wrong view: they believe that genetic exchanges in species must be directly face-to-face mating between Homo erectus in Africa and Homo erectus in East Asia in order to produce genetic exchange.
In fact, the communication of species genes and the diffusion of genes are spread out in a wavelike manner.
As long as the field occupied by species is not completely isolated, each other can communicate genetically by connecting one village to another.
What can be confirmed is that during the Homo erectus period, the Homo erectus had already dominated the entire world island and there was no situation of isolation.
Therefore, the genetic mutations in ancient humans occurred simultaneously on a global scale, and were communicated in multiple directions at the same time, and have never been interrupted.
The genetic communication of ancient humans has never been interrupted because there will be no reproductive isolation.
However, because the population gene exchange broadband between different regions is different, the number of gene mutations in different time periods is also different, resulting in various subspecies with very local characteristics.
For example: South China tiger and Siberian tiger.
4) Modern human structure, linguistics, etc.
disciplines all belong to new disciplines and belong to the early exploration stage, and there are many personal subjective conjectures.
In fact, in addition to the mainstream ape evolution theory, there are many more ideas that are more thoughtful.
For example: Shenchuang Theory, alien origin theory, alien genetic transformation theory, etc.
