Charles Robert Darwin is a famous British biologist and the founder of evolution theory . He once rode the USS Begger for five years and conducted a large number of observations and collections of animals and plants. In 1859, he finally published the epoch-making work "HTM1 Species Origin ", which proposed the theory of biological evolution, thus destroying various idealistic theories and species invariant theories. On November 24, 1859, it was an extraordinary day in London, England. On this day, many citizens of London flocked to a bookstore and rushed to buy a newly published new book. The first edition of the book 1,250 copies were sold out on the day of publication. This sensational new book is "Origin of Species", which is the first masterpiece of Darwin , the founder of evolution.
Darwin was born in England in 1809, and his grandfather and father were both famous doctors. He has been active and active since childhood and likes to collect insects. When he was 16 years old, his father sent him to Aixibao University to study medicine in order to allow him to inherit his ancestral property, but he was not very interested in studying medicine, but he often observed animals and plants and studied Shenwu specimens. At the age of 19, Darwin entered the university of Cambridge to study theology. The study and friendship here laid the foundation for him to engage in natural science research in the future.
Before writing "Origin of Species", Darwin also believed that creatures were created by God. During the voyage of the "Berger" 's long-distance expedition ship, many examples aroused his thoughts and made him doubt the "God's Creation theory". What we see and hear from all over the world shows that as time goes by, organisms are gradually evolving. However, Darwin could not explain the reason why biological evolution was caused. After returning from the investigation, Darwin began to study this issue. He patiently collected data and evidence, and therefore raised pigeons himself, observing the variations caused by domestic pigeons under artificial breeding, and finally established the theory of natural selection, which explained the reasons for biological evolution.
Although this book is not a literary work, it uses ordinary and simple language and narrative arguments to give an example tone to objectively describe what he observed when traveling around the world and observing and studying domestic animals and plants. He abandoned the exaggeration and glory of literary language and used more accurate and precise language. The journey of
inspection is arduous. Darwin had seasickness and was very dizzy. But whenever the ship goes, he has to go ashore to inspect the local property resources and ecological environment, and ask the local people about the types and characteristics of animals and plants. He often risked being attacked by poisonous snakes and beasts, and went deep into the land and even the deserted primitive areas, looking for fossils and collecting specimens.
Leonardo da Vinci has a famous saying: "Anyone who can get spring water from the source will never drink the water in the pot." This shows the truth of reviewing the past and learning the new. Human beings have experienced one historical stage after another. Only by constantly summarizing the previous historical stage can we make breakthroughs in this stage, thereby promoting the development of human historical civilization.
Darwin has established the theory of biological evolution for more than 200 years. This theory has been recognized as one of the greatest discoveries of natural science in the 19th century, and it effectively explains the origin of species. History has proved that the emergence of biological evolution is an scientific revolution, which has brought profound changes to human cosmic view, epistemology and methodology, and is also an innovation that will never be extinguished in history of scientific understanding.
Darwin's theory of evolution has evolved from a scientific theory to a cultural metaphor. It has not only been applied in the origin of species, but has now been developed and applied to economics, management, cognitive science and brain science . It can be said that evolution theory is one of the most important methodologies in biological science that penetrates into other disciplines. Evolution theory is also called Darwinism because it not only caused a scientific revolution, but also a social change. It completely corrected God's traditional concept of creation of all things, and established that species on Earth still reach the universe are all the result of natural selection and the continuous evolution of species adapting to the natural environment.
The theory of evolution is different from other scientific theories because it adopts simple statements and describes the complex laws of change in natural and life phenomena. In fact, evolution theory is so simple. It is enough to summarize in just one sentence: the morphological structure of a species corresponds to functions, has the ability to evolve, and continues to evolve. Only those species that adapt to the natural environment after evolution can survive, otherwise they will gradually disappear. The diverse natural environment makes the species rich and colorful. In short, "sustaining in nature and survival of the fittest."
The biological evolution is based on billions of years as the time scale. The conclusions drawn by humans often contradict the experiences obtained by humans based on the life of their lives as the observation cycle. Therefore, the concept of evolution is difficult to understand. However, evolution is indeed so simple. It does not have complex equations in mathematics, physics, and chemistry, which makes scientists obsessed and daunts ordinary people. However, there are many quantitative mathematical methods for in the study of evolution, such as quantitative models and analytical methods in evolutionary genetics, molecular evolution theory and phylogenetics.
Darwin's scientific discovery is the discovery of a great naturalist . It is his discovery of observing many species in different ecological environments on different earths, and it is also a discovery he abstracted through experimental observations. Through domestic and wild environment species experiments and observations, Darwin first observed that the relationship between species morphological structure and behavioral function has the ability to evolve; then, he found that under feeding, some species are artificially selectively preserved, and they will also be naturally selectively survived in the wild environment, forming species diversity. Darwin's scientific discovery is an example of the extremely exquisite relationship between complexity and simplicity. He abstracted the complexity problem of the origin of species into the simplicity problem of deductive inference, that is, the diversity of natural species can be deduced according to the law of "sustainment in nature and survival of the fittest", closely linking a complex phenomenon with the simple law.
Darwinism is far from so narrow. It is still an unchanging law in the evolution of structure and function in the human body. Different cells, tissues, organs and systems in the human body will compete to use limited resources, such as water, electrolytes, amino acids , sugar, etc. In order to coordinate these competitions, they will develop advantages of competitive resources during evolution. For example, in order to obtain competitive advantages of water, some tissues will secrete biologically active substances that can enhance blood perfusion. histamine and prostaglandins are all such substances. The long-term evolution and health evolution of the human body will follow Darwin's theory of natural selection and develop structures and functions that are beneficial to its survival.
The importance of Darwin's theory of evolution is that it points out the direction of development of biology. Evolutionary theory reveals: the first species' morphological structure is in line with function, the second species' morphological structure can evolve, the third species' evolutionary morphological structure can be preserved and inherited, and the fourth species' evolution follows the law of natural selection. In order to prove the morphological structure of species, Darwin proved it through experiments and observations. After Darwin, Mendel , Morgan and others further gave experimental evidence from genetics . In order to find genetic material for species, Watson and others established the double helix structure of genetic material and founded molecular biology , where humans revealed the genetic mechanism of the origin of species from a molecular level. Modern biology has entered the stage of holistic medicine and systematic biology, and I believe that Darwin's theory of evolution is also of great significance. Darwin's theory of evolution is an eternal law of biology, and Darwin's evolution still applies in the human body.
