Source: Biological Exploration
Author: Zhang Jiaxing
1spans It is caused by HIV in humans. CD4+ lymphocytes are mainly caused by three transmission routes: sexual transmission, mother-to-child transmission, and blood transmission. At present, sexual transmission is the main way for the spread of AIDS in our country. It is well known that unprotected sexual intercourse has the risk of spreading AIDS, but how is this process actually achieved? How do scientists design drugs to block this process?
In this process, the urethral mucosa is an important gateway for HIV to enter the human body. In fact, the urethra is the initial site of infection by many pathogens, such as Escherichia coli , cytomegalovirus , human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus. Experiments have shown that the introduction of HIV virus into the urethra of male monkeys can lead to syndrome-like manifestations of acquired immune function loss, confirming that the urethral mucosa is also an effective place for HIV-1 to enter. However, people do not yet understand the specific process.
on this issue, the internationally renowned journal " Cell " its sub-published " Cell Reports " Published the research results of the Morgane Bomsel team at the University of Paris, France titled " Live Imaging of HIV-1 Transfer across T Cell Virological Synapse to Epithelial Cells that Promotes Stromal Macrophage Infection ",The study used video to document the process of HIV transmission.
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.028
CD4+ T cells were implanted on the polarized urinary tract epithelium, and the HIV virus was labeled with green fluorescent protein, and then they were observed using quantitative live imaging technology to master their interaction.
HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells
5span4 when the skin of strong span1 and strong span4 span_span4 is infected with span4 When the cells are in contact, the HIV virus gathers between the two, and then forms a viral synapse, which transfers to the surface of the epithelial cell . The researchers continued to track the shedding of fluorescently labeled viruses from viral synapses to epithelial cells, and they confirmed that , although macrophages are closer to infected CD4+ T cells, the formation of viral synapses is clearly HIV -1 Metastasis only occurs in epithelial cells.
HIV transferred from the viral synapse to epithelial cells _p
p0span4 epithelial cell _p p0span4 How are cells infected? The researchers used viruses from uninfected cells to infect the mucosa in vitro, and found that the virus alone could not penetrate the epithelial cell layer to infect macrophages. Fluorescence tracking of epithelial cells and HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells found that about one-third of the virus flashed to the submucosa. Researchers believe that after virus synapses are formed, part of the virus undergoes transcellular mutation in the epithelium, and this part of the virus directly passes through the epithelial cells, and is finally captured by macrophages and replicates in the macrophages.
HIV infection macrophages _p5br
br13 It provides an important basis for the research and development of drugs to block HIV transmission. This finding also directly pointed out the close relationship between HIV infection and macrophages. In the future, AIDS prevention and treatment may be able to conduct more diversified studies on macrophages.
Reference materials:
[1]https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fullturn/text/return-text/ %3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2211124718305709%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
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