The following is an excerpt based on the podcast column "Science Relativity" jointly produced and broadcasted by Gaoshan Academy and Litchi Podcast, and is publicly released after being reviewed by the teacher.
the current anchor
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| Cai Zheng Hubble title |
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| Cheng Wei William documentary film "university" was recorded by a postdoctoral scholar 2019 students , founder of Rocket Space Darwin Cell deep diving extreme athlete climber,Top Everest in 2017 American FAA pilot |
2_span2 pimg_sp32 2_span2 pimg_sp32 2 in total Astrophysics is an important means for humans to discover new laws of nature. Observation methods have played a very important role in the exploration. Why can Hubble discover the expansion of the universe and the extragalactic galaxy ? An important reason is that Hubble was on Mount Wilson, which had the largest telescope in the world at that time. Including the later discovery of gravitational waves, it was also because of new breakthroughs in observation equipment. Many astronomical breakthroughs depend on whether we have advanced observation equipment. In the recent fire science documentary film "University", Mr. Cai Zheng is one of the protagonists recorded. He is actively building a world-leading wide-field spectral survey telescope for China. In the next 10 years, the world’s mainstream telescopes developed in Europe and America will have two directions. One is the wide-area survey telescope, which is two-dimensional imaging; the other is a precision telescope.The field of view is relatively small, staring at a point and shooting wildly, mainly shooting the spectrum, the information it brings is equivalent to turning a two-dimensional plane into a three-dimensional map. In these two directions, Europe and the United States are already making arrangements, and even if we do it again, it will be difficult for us to have a competitive advantage. We found a telescope parameter that has not been involved in Europe and the United States in the past. space: If the telescope has a diameter of 6 meters or more and a field of view greater than 5 square degrees, tens of thousands of them can be captured in one exposure The spectrum of the celestial body. That is, the wide-field spectral survey telescope, finally presents a combination of "points and faces", jointly discovering new laws of the universe. Once successful in the future, it will be able to form a synergistic and complementary effect with European and American telescopes. If this opportunity cannot be grasped and left behind, it will be difficult for us to achieve the world's leading level.
William:
29 span -Teacher Cai Zheng. He is also one of the recordees of the now very popular high-scoring documentary "University", and is currently actively building a world-leading wide-field spectral survey telescope.
You have a very interesting title. What is "Hubble Named Postdoctoral Scholar"?
Cai Zheng:
_span is a Hubble National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States of America Span_span29 a scholar of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Span_span_span32 Span_span29It is open to astronomers from all over the world within three years of PhD graduation, and it selects 10-15 outstanding scholars every year to give fund support. After getting this, Hubble scholars are equivalent to bringing their own research funds and can do research at any university in the United States, so they are very popular among universities.
The famous American space telescope is also called Hubble. In fact, it all comes from one person- Edwin Hubble .
He is the originator of observational cosmology, and he has made great contributions to astronomy: one is the discovery of extragalactic galaxies, that is, there are many galaxies similar to and galaxies in the universe. The farther the galaxies are, the faster they will move away from us, and their spectral lines will be red-shifted, which proves that the universe is not static, but is constantly expanding. Einstein thought that his outlook on the universe had been changed after talking to him.
Although Hubble did not win the Nobel Prize, he should be called the "Uncrowned King", just like Einstein did not win the Nobel Prize for the theory of relativity. Their discovery was at that time Too far ahead!
Later, the United States named the largest survey telescope Hubble telescope and named the Hubble Scholars bonus to encourage the younger generation of astronomers.
William:
In my opinion,Early astronomy was born out of physics, like Newton , Copernicus was an astronomer and a physicist. Since when did astronomy become an independent subject?
Cai Zheng:
29 is the most important branch of astronomy in astronomy. .
I think Newton should be one of the great pioneers , from the perspective of theoretical physics ’s three laws explained by the first principles _ 29span Why are planets moving and other phenomena;
Kirchhoff should also be one of the pioneers , he pioneered spectroscopy and proposed the , spectrum analysis methodHe discovered from the spectrum that the chemical elements of the sun are the same as certain elements on the earth, which is also one of the beginnings of astrophysics.
The history of astronomy is actually much longer than the history of astrophysics, and it can almost be traced back to the moment when humans were born.
Astronomy has been used in navigation and positioning, calculating the height of mountains, measuring the radius of the earth, etc., when astronomy was closely related to geometry. After thousands of years of development, from Newton and Kirchhoff to the present, astronomy and physics have been closely linked. At present, there is a trend that computer technologies such as AI are increasingly used in astronomy research.
I believe that astronomy is the basic subject of human cognition of nature, and it has been driving the development of mankind since ancient times.
William:
astronomy is developing at a rapid rate, and our advanced tools and tools are also developing in the field. in.
Cai Zheng:
Yes.The space-time scale of the universe is too large and there is too much content, and we can always discover new things. There are many new discoveries on Earth alone, not to mention when we cast our sights on the entire universe. In the universe, any theory is unimaginable, and all the laws of physics can be tested in this huge space-time field .
Take the solar system as an example. There are stars hundreds of times larger than the sun in the universe. There are more than 200 billion "suns" in the Milky Way, and there are more than 200 billion "military galaxies" in the universe. Take the extremely dense neutron star as an example. If the mass of a neutron star the size of a fingernail is half the size of a fingernail in the earth, it would take hundreds of thousands of tons of huge ships to carry it.
The universe can always test the reliability of the laws under such extreme conditions that humans cannot reach. Under such extreme conditions, many laws still follow human discoveries on the earth, but it also challenges these discoveries time and time again and inspires us to discover new laws.
This may be the most primitive feature of humans derived from genes. What is the biggest difference between us and animals? It is our curiosity and spirit of exploration for the unknown. If we are truly at the forefront of the world, with the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, we must give our own answers to major issues of common concern to mankind .
William:
I very much agree with you.The progress of human science is actually the process of discovering one's own insignificance again and again. This is an improvement in our cognition.
You are now actively participating in the construction of a wide-field spectral survey telescope. Could you please introduce what this project is and why do you want to do such a thing?
Cai Zheng:
is actually an important means of discovering new natural laws of physics. Observation methods play a very important role in exploration. Why can Hubble discover the expansion of the universe and the discovery of extragalactic galaxies? An important reason is that Mount Wilson, where Hubble was located at the time, had the largest telescope in the world at that time. Including the later discovery of gravitational waves, it was also because of new breakthroughs in observation equipment. Many astronomical breakthroughs depend on whether we have advanced observation equipment.
Why do we want to make a wide-field spectral survey telescope? We analyze that in the next 10 years, will develop in Europe and America in two main directions of the world’s mainstream telescopes. One is the wide-area survey telescope, is two-dimensional imaging; the is a precision telescope ,The field of view is relatively small, staring at a point and shooting wildly, mainly shooting the spectrum. The information it brings is one more dimension than two-dimensional imaging, which is equivalent to turning a two-dimensional plane into a three-dimensional map, and can reveal chemical composition and dynamics. And other information. In these two directions, Europe and the United States are already making arrangements, and even if we do it again, it will be difficult for us to have a competitive advantage.
We have discovered a telescope parameter space that Europe and the United States have not been involved in in the past: If the telescope has an aperture of 6 meters or more and a field of view greater than 5 square degrees, tens of thousands of celestial bodies can be captured in one exposure The spectrum. From the point (precise measurement) to the surface (imaging) and finally to the body, the wide-field spectral survey telescope we are doing, finally presents the union of the "point-surface body", and jointly discovers the new laws of the universe. Once successful in the future, it will be able to form a synergistic and complementary effect with European and American telescopes.
Mao Shude Professor Mao Shude once talked about the current situation of telescopes in China, and he was very correct and very serious. In some fields such as Skyeye, LAMOST and other telescopes in the world, China’s optical infrared telescopes follow the mainstream. The gap between countries is still very large.
The wide-field spectral survey telescope is an opportunity for us. It is the target that we can reach on tiptoe. The universe is so big, , as long as we can study in the blank parameter space. Discover new laws. If this opportunity cannot be grasped,It will be difficult for us to achieve the world's leading level after falling behind.
William:
In one of the protagonists of the recent scientific documentary film "University", you are also one of the protagonists that can be recorded by you. Can't talk about this movie experience?
Official documentary film "University"
_span 32 _span 32 strong 30strong _span 32 strong 30strong span 29span _span 32 strong 30span 29sp _span 32 _strong span 29sp _span 32 _strongsp _span32 For this matter, the director team began preparations three years in advance, and selected several representative Tsinghua freshmen, graduates, young teachers, and retired academicians to tell their stories.
They found me through the Personnel Office of Tsinghua University in 2018. At the time, I was still in the United States and was preparing for this particularly important project, the wide-field survey telescope.
about movies,It took us more than two years from conception to shooting and recording, and post-production for more than half a year. The film team stayed with me in the United States for a few months, recording my experience during the period when I returned to China from the United States, telling why we initiated this project, and the numerous difficulties encountered in it, etc. They recorded me, It is also because my story is full of ups and downs.
William:
There is a classic bridge in the movie, you sit down on a piece of grass and sing the guitar with your daughter, take the binoculars, and walk on the guitar. , Called "Take You To Throw Your Handkerchief". Do you like music? What music do you like?
Cai Zheng:
I play the guitar when I am young. I also let my daughter learn music and piano. I think that if you learn music well, you have a sense of numbers. The music training I received when I was young allowed me to judge how many numbers are between two pitches. In fact, the sense of numbers can be trained in music.
Kepler was inspired by the music of Bach when he discovered the laws of celestial motion.Therefore, always has some simple and well-matched melody in the world that sounds very comfortable, and it fits. I also like music very much and I like singing.
audio clips | lychee, peach to
finishing Shu Li Jia
editor Zhu Shu Zhen
love of science Everyone is here!
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