Rosenhann and Slater's experiment
In 1973, Rosenhann, the "plain" Stanford psychology professor, did a famous experiment.
He recruited 8 people to be fake patients, and their task was to send themselves to a mental hospital. After arriving at the hospital, they said that they could hear sounds such as "boom" and "bang". Except for this symptom, all the subjects' speech and behavior were completely normal, and the information provided to the hospital was true.
As a result, all nine people were successfully mixed into a mental hospital. Due to the extreme side effects of psychiatric drugs, the 9 people (including Rosenhanen) who underwent the experiment practiced how to Tibetan medicine 5 days before entering the hospital, and vomited it up while the doctor was not paying attention.
The 9 people who entered, the longest stayed for 52 days, the shortest stayed for 19 days. Some of them even begged the doctor to say that they were not ill, and were allowed to release them after tossing about them.
Rosenhanen wrote a paper "Normal People in the Mental Ward" based on this experiment and published it in "Science", but it caused a great uproar in the professional field of psychiatry of . Doubt the scientific nature of psychiatry.
Even more shocking is that Rosenhanen informed the mental hospital that it will send another fake patient in the next 3 months.
Three months later,The mental hospital claimed to have identified 193 people as fake patients.
But in fact, he did not send any fake patients.
This experiment reveals the terrifying nature of diagnostic labels: Once a mental illness is recognized, all behaviors are considered to be behaviors owned by a mentally ill patient.
Thirty years later, the woman Slater also pretended to be a patient according to the above method, thinking that she would be discovered soon. But unexpectedly, she was diagnosed with depression. At first, she didn't believe it, but when she repeatedly went to different mental hospitals and the results were surprisingly consistent, she began to wonder if she was really a depression patient. .
Later, after she found Spitzer, the most famous psychiatrist at the time, he said to her: " You have no problems _strong3span _strong3span ."
This is tag effect
tag effect
block When tagging the names of various words, he will make self-impression management to make his behavior consistent with the content of the tags. It is quite common in life. For example, most of the children who are said to be "smart" will study hard, making them a school master: and the children who are said to be "stupid" will lack confidence and can't motivate them to learn.
Especially the words that people blurt out when they are angry, when repeated a certain number of times, it is very likely that they will "span5" in the heart of a close person.
Therefore, no matter who you are facing, you should label others as little as possible.
So how to look at the labeling effect,How to use it?
First of all, there are pros and cons. Positively bring positive effects, and negatively bring negative effects.
Therefore, it is necessary to learn to distinguish labels.
So what is a positive label?
what you want to be, then you will have full motivation
conforms to the correct values
Secondly, how to deal with negative labels?
In the book "The Courage to Be Disgusted", it is mentioned that all troubles come from interpersonal relationships. In interpersonal communication, there will always be people who love to label others.
We have to distinguish the "topics" of our own and other people's, and we will live our lives by ourselves.
So when you think you are right, go your own way and let others talk. Italian writer Dante
If you think this label is not suitable for you, then send him (her) a sentence:
None Of Your Business!
is none of your business
Again, learn to use the tag effect.
a lot of self-confidence,Subconsciously think that you can be competent for positive labels.
Oprah Winfrey once said: "The kind of person you dream of becoming, the kind of person you can become.. Your position today is based on your trust. And everything of dreams."
You can cheer yourself up through psychological hints.
can also break through the comfort zone and constantly challenge oneself to try impossible. When you succeed, you will unconsciously become more confident, and the labels around you will become more positive. This will be a virtuous circle.
Okay, that’s all for sharing, thanks for reading!
Writing is not easy, comments are welcome!
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