With global climate warming , more and more news about the Arctic. Previously, the media reported a news about Arctic wildfire .
Arctic wildfire burning
Arctic wildfires actually appeared in the Arctic. The flames burned under the ice, and could not extinguish . Scientists warned: This disaster will be disastrous!
Arctic fire
Many people don’t understand that there are so many ice cubes in the Arctic, and they are all water when melted, and they are all coniferous forest , and there is still frozen soil underground, why does it catch fire? And it's the flame under the ice?
permafrost layer structure
It should be noted that although there are many ice in the Arctic region and there is also permafrost, it has less precipitation in , and a lot of water exists in solid form, which causes coniferous forests to be unable to be infiltrated by water and become extremely dry.
In summer, thunderstorms will occur in the Arctic. The high temperature will occur when thunderstorms fall into the coniferous forests, which can easily cause spontaneous combustion of the coniferous forests, and fires will occur.
Principle of formation of thunderstorms
In addition, tundra in the Arctic region is also an important ignition material .
The ice layers of these tundra melt in summer. Under the baking of ultraviolet rays, the tundra becomes extremely dry. Because its own ignition point is also very low, it is easy to ignite when a slight spark is seen.
At the beginning of the 21st century, a small town in the Russian Arctic Circle detected a high temperature of 38 degrees Celsius. The ultraviolet ray at this temperature had enough light and heat to roast the tundra extremely dry.
Solar radiation spectrum
The spread of the fire is just a matter of time.
After entering the 21st century, there are more or less fires in northern Russia and northern Canada in the United States and northern Canada every summer.
Of course, if the fire burns like this, the impact on humans will not be that great.
After all, the natural area is basically in the unmanned area. There are few residents in the Arctic Circle , which will not affect the safety of the town.
However, the fire spreads to peat layer and turns into a zombie wildfire, which is amazing.
Forced wildfire
What is zombie fire?
The so-called peat layer is when the plant dies, and the internal fibrous tissue is decomposed under the action of microorganism and mixed in the soil.
This soil is called peat coal. With the geological change, the soil containing plant fibers settles underground, forming a layer of combustible soil, called peat layer.
Peat layer combustion concept diagram
Peat layer has high combustibility, slightly inferior to coal, but its formation time is much shorter than coal.
Peat not only contains combustible substances, but also has rich organic substances , which can all aid combust.
When energy is short, countries in the Nordic region use the heat burned by peat to generate electricity.
The underground peat coal burns not like an ordinary forest fire, but rather a kind of smoldering .
Simply put, it means that the combustion of peat does not directly produce flames, but produces Martian subs and high temperatures inside, smoldering the organic matter.
peat swamp and coal seam structure
Friends living in the countryside know that the burning straw at home often uses the smoldering method.
Only thick smoke was seen, but no flame was seen. After a few hours, a pile of straw turned into ashes.
The smoldering smoldering coal burns slowly, and except for the burst of thick smoke, there are basically no other characteristics. It is difficult for people to judge whether smoldering has occurred in the place, nor can they judge whether the smoldering ends by smoke.
Sometimes, there is obviously no thick smoke, but as long as Mars and high temperatures are stored inside, there is a possibility of smoldering.
So, people call the smoldering of peat layer zombie wildfire . Arctic wildfires that cannot be extinguished
Once the wildfires in the Arctic are ignited, the range is large and the distribution is wide. Even if firefighters are dispatched at the first time, it will be difficult to extinguish the open flames.
The range of wildfires once ignited in the Arctic Circle
There are statistics. In 2019, a total of 100 fires occurred in the Arctic region, with an area of more than 100,000 hectares of disasters.
Such a large area of fires, even firefighters can do nothing, and it has little impact on the towns. Most of the wildfires in the Arctic make it fend for themselves .
just need to wait for the rain to arrive.
But the underground zombie wildfire is not simple.
Zombie wildfires may be suppressed by rain for a short period of time, but due to deep underground, the impact is small, and the internal temperature can be maintained for a long time.
Wait until the rain passes, and the zombie wildfires begin to spread again.
Even if human means are used, there is no way to solve this kind of zombie wildfire.
Wild fire burns
First of all, people don’t know where this thing is burning, how the fire is, and where it will spread. The thick smoke on the surface of
is like a guise, confusing countless firefighters.
Sometimes you see thick smoke coming out on it, and in fact the fire is spreading toward the other side.
Because the signal transmitted by the thick smoke from zombie wildfires through the surface is somewhat sluggish, firefighters cannot judge the fire situation information through the thick smoke.
cannot grasp the relevant information, and firefighters cannot take effective countermeasures .
Some countries use heat detection instruments to track the trend of burning in the dark fire, but the effect is not ideal.
The range of combustion of the Yin Fire is too wide. The peat layer in the entire area is its combustion location, and there are countless indicators on the heat source detection instrument.
Secondly, even if the fire brigade finds the area where burns , how to extinguish the fire is also a problem.
Firefighters Daily Firefighters
After all, the peat layer is underground. The most direct way is to sprinkle oxygen substances on the ground, but how many substances can soak into the peat layer?
Some peat layers are dozens of meters or even 100 meters underground, which is a headache for firefighters.
Finally, after taking various measures, how should we detect whether these Yin fires are really extinguished? Maybe these Yin fires are lurking underground , waiting for rekindling.
Realistic cases
In reality, cases of peat layer fire are common. There has been a peat layer fire in our country, and the fire has been burning for more than 100 years. The
incident occurred in the Sulfur Valley Coalfield in Xinjiang. The coal resources are abundant here, with proven coal storage reaching 1.5 billion tons and an area of 1.84 million square kilometers.
A corner of the sulfur ditch
The fire occurred in Qing Dynasty . According to historical records, "The cracks are crisscrossing, thick smoke is everywhere, and the flames are whistling between the rock gaps, and the years are endless."
From historical records, the sulfur ditch coalfield under the burning of the yin fire is like a purgatory on earth, which makes people feel very scary.
No one knows the cause of this fire. In ancient times, people thought it was a strange phenomenon in , and stay away from it.
It was not until early 2000 that my country organized fire extinguishing work in an orderly manner, with a planned investment of about 100 million yuan and a governance duration of 4 years.
It took our country only 3 years to stop the fire.
Someone has made a special statistics on the coal burned in the Sulfur Valley Coalfield. The Sulfur Valley Coalfield burns about 31.76 million tons of coal every year, and the annual loss is about 170 million yuan.
Sulphur Gully
Although the fire in my country's sulfur ditch coalfield does not belong to the fire in the Arctic Circle, the properties of the two are the same. From the sulfur ditch coalfield, you can see how harmful the zombie field is.
Zombie wildfires will not only cause direct losses to humans, but will also cause humans to be indirectly harmed.
The combustion of the Yin Fire released the strongest smoke, and the emission of carbon dioxide is also the most, which undoubtedly exacerbated global climate warming.
The peat layer after burning becomes fragile, which is likely to cause various harms such as collapse and geological structure changes in the local area, causing losses to the lives and property to the local people.
The zombie wildfires in the Arctic are even more powerful. They can even burn under the ice layer of and spread , accelerating the melting of glaciers.
0 The area of glaciers in the Arctic Circle continues to shrink
Although humans claim to have conquered nature, there are still many problems in nature waiting for humans to overcome. Maintain a modest attitude and have a heart of knowledge, so that humans can continue for a long time.
