On October 16, the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China opened. The huge progress in my country's science and technology industry was also mentioned at the conference: "Basic research and original innovation are constantly strengthening, some key core technologies have achieved breakthroughs, strategic emerging industries have developed and grown, manned space flight, lunar and fire exploration, deep-sea deep-ground detection, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, large aircraft manufacturing, biomedicine, etc. have achieved major results, and have entered the ranks of innovative countries."
Then, let's take a look at these "national heavy weapons" that have achieved major achievements over the past decade.
Manned space flight: Made many achievements and construction of
Exploring the vast universe, developing the aerospace industry, and building a strong aerospace country is the space dream that the Chinese nation has unremittingly pursued. The space dream is an important part of the dream of a strong country, and one of the birthplaces of my country's aerospace industry, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center , which has undertaken many missions to launch the Shenzhou series of spacecrafts, undoubtedly occupies an important position in it.
Over the past 60 years, the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center has launched nearly 300 satellites, 14 Shenzhou spacecraft , and launched Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2, and conducted thousands of other rocket launch tests. Since my country's space station entered the construction stage in 2021, the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center has regularly served as a mission to launch and return, emergency rescue, emergency search and rescue, and other tasks, becoming a space port for astronauts to enter and exit space. After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center fully utilized its resource advantages and actively expanded its test launch capabilities, astronaut search and recovery capabilities and other scientific research and testing capabilities, integrating liquid rockets, solid rockets and emergency launches, and spacecraft launches and recovery. Especially in recent years, it has undertaken more than 20 space missions every year.
Shenzhou 10 manned space flight mission is the final battle of the second and first phase of my country's "three-step" strategy of manned space engineering. It is of great significance to consolidating and improving the space rendezvous and docking technology and promoting the construction of space laboratories and space stations. At 17:38 on June 11, 2013, the Shenzhou 10 spacecraft carried three astronauts at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and was successfully launched by the Long March 2F carrier rocket , accurately entering orbit. During the orbital flight, a series of space science experiments and technical tests were carried out according to the scheduled plan, and three astronauts worked and lived normally in orbit.
"Tiangong Classroom" third lesson was held in China Space Station
Now, my country's manned space flight has entered a new stage. On the eve of the opening of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the third lesson of the "Tiangong Classroom" was held at the China Space Station. During the 50-minute lecture, astronauts of the Shenzhou 14 flight crew, Chen Dong, Liu Yang , and Cai Xuzhe , as "space teachers", introduced and displayed the working and life scenes of the space station's Wentian Experimental Cabin, and demonstrated the capillary effect experiments in the microgravity environment, the "lazy" experiments, water balls becoming "lazy" experiments, fun drinking water in space, and wrenches that can turn heads. This is also the first time that Chinese astronauts have taught in the Wentian Experimental Cabin. At the same time, the space station combination composed of Tianhe core module, Wentian Experimental Column, Shenzhou 14 and Tianzhou 4 is soaring in space 400 kilometers away from the earth. At the end of this month, Mengtian Experimental Cabin will join them, the Chinese space station will be fully built, and China's manned space flight will also turn a new page.
"Going to the Sky": Good news frequently
While manned spacecraft continues to make history, China is also constantly advancing towards the moon, Mars, the sun, etc. " Chang'e " moon exploration, "Zhurong" fire exploration, and "Xihe" sun-crossing, ancient Chinese myths are gradually entering reality. On December 17, 2020, as Chang'e-5 was successfully brought back to about lunar soil from the moon 380,000 kilometers away, an old news became popular on the Internet. It was a 2005 "Scientific Discovery" that detailed China's three-step lunar exploration strategy and timetable, and also listed the lunar exploration plans of the United States, Russia, Japan and India. But in the end, China is the only one who has completed the Flag setting himself!
" Tianwen-1 " successfully fell into fire
. On Mars 400 million kilometers away, "Tianwen-1" is conducting exploration around Mars.On May 15, 2021, Tianwen-1 probe successfully landed on Mars, leaving the Chinese imprint on Mars for the first time, making my country the second country to successfully land on Mars. Tianwen-1 Mars rover was developed by the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, and consists of an orbiter and a landing patrol. The landing patrol includes "Zhurong" Mars rover and entry cabin. At present, the "Zhurong" Mars rover has traveled nearly 2,000 meters on Mars. After the Tianwen-1 probe successfully landed on Mars, the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission sent a call to congratulate and said that the Tianwen-1 probe landed on Mars, taking an important step in my country's interstellar exploration journey, achieving a leap from Earth-Moon System to interplanetary, leaving the Chinese imprint on Mars for the first time. This is another milestone progress in the development of my country's aerospace industry.
In addition to lunar exploration and fire exploration, with the successful launch of my country's first solar exploration science and technology experimental satellite " Xihe " in October 2021, China has officially entered the "Sun Discovery Era". In August 2022, the results of "Xihe" Sun Exploration were officially released, setting five international firsts, including the first international space solar Hα band spectral scanning imaging, the first international atomic frequency solar speed test navigator in orbit verification, etc.
At present, China has achieved full coverage of the main types of celestial bodies in the solar system in terms of space science and detection, and further profound detection has also been included in the agenda. Wu Weiren, chief designer of China's lunar exploration project, said in an interview with China News Service that China is organizing experts to deepen the demonstration of the solar system marginal detection plan, and plans to achieve 100 astronomical units , that is, 15 billion kilometers away deep space exploration.
"Going into the sea": It is effective and effective
On November 10, 2020, the "Fendouzhe" full-sea deep manned submersible successfully sat at the bottom of the Mariana Trench , with a diving depth of 10,909 meters, setting a new record for manned deep diving in China; three days later, the "Fendouzhe" once again achieved a 10,000-meter deep diving, and jointly with the "Canghai" achieved the first 10,000-meter deep broadcast in the history of human beings. The "Struggle" is the core development task of the "Deep-Sea Key Technologies and Equipment" key project of the "13th Five-Year Plan" National Key R&D Plan, with the localization rate of core components exceeding 96.5%. Its research and development began in 2016. However, this is not a "from 0 to 1" process, because we have already completed this step.
"Struggle" full-sea deep manned submersible
From 2002 to 2012, China spent ten years developing China's first manned submersible "Jiaolong". Before that, my country's manned submersible depth did not exceed 600 meters. The "Jiaolong" made the first time in China and established a process for subsequent work; the "Deep Sea Warrior" successfully developed in 2017 achieved independent and controllable technology, and the domesticization rate was as high as 95%. From the Jiaolong to the Deep Sea Warrior to the Struggler, China's marine research, represented by manned deep diving, has gradually entered the deep sea. The success of the development and sea trial of the "Struggle" is marked by the ability of our country to enter the deepest part of the world's ocean to carry out scientific exploration and research, and reflects our country's comprehensive strength in the field of marine high technology.
"enter the ground": an unforgettable field
On October 6, 2018, Fuling shale gas field cumulatively produced shale gas to 20 billion cubic meters, marking the accelerated entry of my country's shale gas into the stage of large-scale commercialization development. According to existing geological data and capacity evaluation, the Fuling shale gas field resources are 2.1 trillion cubic meters, making it the largest shale gas field in the world except North America. This successful mining marks China's third country to commercially develop shale gas after the United States and Canada.
Under the action of hundreds of millions of years, natural gas rich in methane is continuously generated in the shale formation. The unconventional natural gas left in nano-scale shale pores is defined as unconventional natural gas , called shale gas. Looking for breath in stones three or four thousand meters underground and hundreds of millions of years ago sounds like looking for a needle in a haystack. In the early 21st century, after overcoming technical and cost barriers, the United States not only launched the shale gas revolution , but also changed from a natural gas importer to an exporter.
As my country's first large shale gas field developed by commercially, the Fuling shale gas field has achieved a major breakthrough in exploration since 2012. So far, the cumulative gas production has exceeded 44.5 billion cubic meters, with a cumulative proven reserve of nearly 900 billion cubic meters, accounting for 34% of my country's proven reserve of shale gas proven reserve of . What is the concept of 44.5 billion cubic meters? It can be used by 1 million households for 244 years, and it also means that China's shale gas development, which started late, has achieved leapfrog development and provides Chinese samples for global shale gas development.
"Supercomputer": Shows China's speed
With the development of technology, computing speed has also become the object of competition among countries. In 2018, a domestic supercomputer named "Shenwei Taihu Light " was a strategic high-tech research model that my country is focusing on promoting, allowing the world to appreciate the "Chinese speed".
"Shenwei·Light of Taihu Lake"
How fast is it? According to official data, this supercomputer, built by the national production system "Shenwei 26010" processor, has a peak performance of more than 125 petaflops. The system's peak performance was 1.25 billion times, and the continuous performance was 930 million times, with a performance power consumption of 6.05 billion times per watt. Its calculation power of 1 minute is equivalent to more than 7 billion people around the world using calculators to calculate continuously for 32 years.
However, no matter how strong the supercomputing power is, it can only work when used. At present, the application of "Shenwei·Taihu Light" involves more than 20 fields such as biotechnology, aerospace, meteorological and climate, materials science, marine environment, machine learning, electromagnetic simulation, industrial design, financial computing, biomedicine, environmental engineering, petroleum exploration, etc., and supports hundreds of calculation tasks in the country's major scientific and technological applications, advanced manufacturing and other fields. In the past year, more than 2 million operating tasks have been completed, and an average of nearly 7,000 operating tasks have been completed every day.
Its mission includes research fields that represent the future development direction of science and technology, such as " artificial sun " - related theoretical and experimental simulations of nuclear fusion power generation; it also covers major engineering projects, such as the simulation of multiple flight states of the C919 large aircraft and the simulation of flight states of the Tiangong series spacecraft. The application "10 million nuclear scalable global atmospheric dynamics fully implicit simulation" and "nonlinear seismic simulation" developed based on the "Shenwei Taihu Light" system have won the highest award in the field of high-performance computing applications - the "Gordon Bell" Award twice. This is far from the end. At present, the operator of "Shenwei·Taihu Light" National Supercomputing Wuxi Center is actively forming a supercomputing Internet, prompting multiple supercomputers to form a grand "supercomputing universe".
Beidou: Building the "Chinese Constellation"
On July 31, 2020, the completion and opening ceremony of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system was held in Beijing. This marks my country's construction of an independent, open and compatible global satellite navigation system , becoming the third country in the world to independently own a global satellite navigation system. From Beidou-1 to Beidou-3; from covering China to covering the world; from "one star" to "all the stars", it can be said that the history of Beidou is a magnificent history of the construction of "Chinese constellations".
was established in 1994 to completed the construction of the Beidou-1 system in 2000, from the completion of the Beidou-2 system in 2012, and then to the full completion and opening of services of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system in 2020, my country's satellite navigation system has experienced a three-step development process of "first to be active, then passive; first to test, then service; first to be regional, then global". From the design of the Beidou satellite navigation system with Chinese characteristics, to the breakthrough of more than 160 key core technologies such as inter-satellite links, high-precision atomic clock , and the breakthrough in the domestic development of more than 500 types of device components, the Beidou satellite navigation system has become the largest, most extensive, and most performance requirements in my country so far. Chinese scientific researchers have also interpreted the "Beidou Spirit" of the new era with their own practical actions.
At present, the Beidou satellite navigation system has been integrated into the national core infrastructure and is widely used in transportation, agriculture, forestry and fishery, hydrological monitoring, meteorological monitoring, communication and electricity, public safety and other fields.At the same time, Beidou-based navigation services have been widely entered into China's mass consumption and people's livelihood fields, and have been adopted by e-commerce, mobile smart terminal manufacturing, location services and other manufacturers, which has also changed people's production and lifestyles.
However, Beidou's future is not only in the country. From Beidou-1 to Beidou-3, China's Beidou has always been based in China and looks at the world. It can be believed that in the near future, China's Beidou will eventually become the Beidou of the world.
"Quantum Technology": From following to leading the way
quantum once became synonymous with science due to its profound and mysterious characteristics. The joke of "If you don't decide when you encounter something, quantum mechanics " has also been deeply rooted in people's hearts. But in fact, quantum technology has long been widely used in our lives. From chips in mobile phones, transistors to NMR in medical care, they all contain quantum technology. Accelerating the development of quantum technology plays a very important role in promoting the high-quality development of and ensuring national security.
In recent years, my country's quantum technology development has entered the fast lane. In 2016, the world's first quantum science experimental satellite, Mozi, was successfully launched, successfully completing three scientific goals, including the distribution of quantum key , and refreshing my country's international status in the field of quantum communication . In 2017, the quantum confidential communication backbone network " Beijing-Shanghai Trunk Line " was officially launched, and it was connected to "Mozi" to realize the world's first intercontinental quantum communication. In the field of quantum computing , the "Jiuzhang" optical quantum computing prototype and the "Zuchongzhi 2" superconducting quantum computing prototype have successively achieved the milestone of "quantum computing superiority".
Over the past decade, my country's quantum technology has achieved a historical leap from following and running side by side to leading the way, and the systematization capability of the development of quantum technology is steadily established. Regarding the development of quantum technology in China, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of Quantum Information and Quantum Science and Technology Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and executive vice president of the University of Science and Technology of China Executive Vice President of University of Science and Technology of China Academician Pan Jianwei said that my country is not only in the leading stage in quantum communication, but also has achieved "quantum computing superiority" in "optical quantum computing" and "superconductive computing" in quantum computing.
Hualong No. 1: China's nuclear power from weak to strong
At the beginning of this year, the second unit of my country's independent third-generation nuclear power Hualong No. 1 demonstration project, China Nuclear Corporation's Fuqing Nuclear Power Unit 6, officially met the conditions for commercial transportation. At this point, the Hualong No. 1 demonstration project has been fully completed and put into operation, giving a generous gift to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Fuqing Nuclear Power Units have been put into commercial operation since 2014, including the No. 5 and No. 6 units, which are Hualong No. 1 global demonstration projects.
As the "national business card" for my country's nuclear power to the world, Hualong No. 1 is one of the three-generation nuclear power models with the highest acceptance in the current nuclear power market. Based on the mature technology that has been verified by engineering, it has original adoption of the safety design concept of "177 core layout" and "combination of active and non-active". The domesticization rate of the first stack equipment reaches 88%. It also uses advanced design concepts such as single stack layout and double layer containment shells. It has advanced characteristics such as complete serious accident prevention and mitigation measures, strengthened external event protection capabilities and improved emergency response capabilities. After sufficient analysis and testing and engineering verification, the safety, economy and advanced nature of the power plant are fully guaranteed. After the full completion of the
Hualong No. 1 demonstration project, the annual power generation capacity of the two units is nearly 20 billion kWh, which is equivalent to reducing standard coal consumption by 6.24 million tons, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 16.32 million tons, and equivalent to planting 140 million trees. The economic, social and environmental protection effects are significant, which is of great significance to optimizing my country's energy structure, promoting green and low-carbon development, and helping to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Unit 5 has created the best results in the construction of the world's third-generation nuclear power first reactor and was successfully selected as the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China. The success of
Hualong One is a symbol of my country's nuclear power development. China's nuclear power has formed independent design, batch construction, engineering general contracting and independent operation capabilities of 100,000, 300,000, 600,000 to one million kilowatt-level pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants from nothing to something, from small to large, from weak to strong.As Hualong No. 1, which has complete independent intellectual property rights, has obtained more than 700 patents and more than 120 software copyrights, covering design technology, special design software, fuel technology, operation and maintenance technology and other fields, meeting the requirements of nuclear power "going out".
C919: Milestone in the field of large aircraft
According to Xinhua News Agency on September 30, the domestically produced C919 large passenger aircraft obtained the model certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of China after completing all airworthiness certification in September 2022 and will be delivered to the first aircraft by the end of 2022. The successful development of the C919 large passenger aircraft and the acquisition of the model certificate marks my country's ability to independently develop world-class large passenger aircraft, and is an important milestone in the development of my country's large aircraft industry.
C919 is a large jet civil aircraft developed by China in accordance with international civil aviation regulations and has independent intellectual property rights. Its direct competitors are Airbus A320Neo and Boeing B737Max. In 2008, COMAC was established on the bank of Huangpu River ; in 2015, the first C919 aircraft was installed and removed from the Pudong Base of COMAC; in May 2 years later, C919 successfully flew for the first time at Pudong Airport.
Domestic C919 large passenger aircraft
In the next five years, C919 has gone through a series of steps such as adjustment test flights, review and test flights. Finally, on August 1 this year, it completed the evidence collection test flight and obtained a commercial pass in September.
For a long time, the global large civil aircraft market has been monopolized by Boeing and Airbus . The success of C919 not only broke the monopoly of Europe and the United States in the field of large aircraft, but also reached a gratifying level. In fact, at the beginning of the launch of the C919 project, it was conservatively estimated that the domestic production rate of C919 is greater than 10%. But surprisingly, by 2015, when it was delivered and offline, the C919 achieved a domestic production rate of nearly 60% and received orders of 570 aircraft. Now 7 years have passed, C919 has a total of 815 orders from 28 customers.
China's scientific and technological innovation has reached a peak again
In the past decade, China has achieved far more than the above scientific and technological achievements. Ultra-high voltage transmission technology, Fuxing high-speed train, 500-meter diameter spherical radio telescope (FAST) and other scientific and technological infrastructure have been put into use; big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence , mobile payment, and other new technologies have changed their lifestyles; China's infrastructure such as China's high-speed rail, China's bridge, China's dam, and China's ports have become the "national business card".
In the past ten years, my country's total R&D funding has increased from 1.03 trillion yuan to 2.79 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world, and its R&D intensity has increased from 1.91% to 2.44%, close to the average level of the OECD country; in 2021, the total number of R&D personnel in my country is expected to be 5.62 million people a year, 1.7 times that in 2012, ranking first in the world, firmly ranked first in the world rank; in 2021, my country ranked second in the world, 5.4 times that of 2012; the number of invention patents per 10,000 population increased from 3.2 in 2012 to 19.1 in 2021, and the number of PCT international patent applications increased from 19,000 in 2012 to 69,500 in 2021, ranking first in the world for three consecutive years...
This is the decade in which my country has made the greatest scientific and technological progress and the fastest improvement in scientific and technological strength. my country's science and technology undertakings have undergone major changes in historic, holistic and pattern. Some cutting-edge fields have begun to enter the stage of running side by side and leading. Scientific and technological strength is moving from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, and from point breakthrough to system capabilities improvement.
This article is an exclusive article of Observer.com and may not be reproduced without authorization.
