Not long ago, a minority pregnant mother visited at Changsha Fourth Hospital. During the diagnosis and treatment process, Liu Qianxi, deputy chief examiner, found that the positive and negative blood type of the pregnant woman did not match the positive and negative blood type. The positive and negative blood type showed that the positive blood type of B type feature, which was positive for screening and negative for itself. The abnormal result immediately aroused her high alert.
After fully communicating with the pregnant woman, Liu Qianxi contacted West China Hospital for free blood type gene testing for the pregnant woman. The final test results found that the patient's serology was Mumbai-like type B. It is rarer than panda blood , so it is called "dinosaur blood".
Mumbai blood type What is
900, the famous scientist Lanstener described the agglutination effect of human hrocytes in his paper, pointing out that there are differences between different individuals of the same species. One year later, he published a historic paper "The Coagulation Function of Normal Human Blood".
This paper, published in German, describes the existence of some naturally occurring lectins in human blood, and they can specifically aggregate other people's red blood cells. Before this, it was generally believed that the agglutination of red blood cells was caused by disease.
He used the blood of himself and five colleagues in the laboratory to separate the serum and red blood cells first, and then perform agglutination test. According to the aggregation of red blood cells by serum, he found that these six people can be divided into three types, namely, type A, type B and type O, which were later officially named. In 1902, under his guidance, his students discovered Type AB.
After scientists' research, a relatively complete blood type system has been constructed. What is blood type ? Blood type refers specifically to the differences between individuals in the antigen on the surface of red blood cells. The broad blood type includes the differences between individuals in the antigens of various blood components (such as platelet , leukocyte , granulocytes, etc.).
To date, humans have discovered 35 blood type systems and more than 300 blood type antigens. In addition to the ABO blood type system, there are also blood type systems such as RH, KIDD, MNS, and KELL. It is impossible for each person's red blood cells to have more than 300 blood type antigens at the same time, but choose to have a part of them. When the blood type antigen carried on the surface of certain individuals' red blood cells is different from the vast majority of people in the population, their blood type appears very rare. Generally speaking, the distribution frequency in the population is less than 400% of the disease can be called rare blood type .
Mumbai blood type is one of the rare blood types. The Mumbai blood type was first discovered by Y. M. Bhende in Mumbai, India in 1952. This blood type was mistakenly considered to be O blood at the beginning, because neither type A nor B can be shown. Only after type O blood antigen detection can it be detected that this blood type is not O blood, so it is also called Mumbai blood type. This blood type appears very low frequency, only 1/10,000.
Mumbai blood types are rare
There were news reports in my country a long time ago that a couple with both blood types O type gave birth to a child of B type . The two of them had a big fight for this. Finally, they went to the hospital to check and found that the husband's blood type is not O type, but a very rare Mumbai blood type, so the child has type B blood.
Mumbai type belongs to the class of Hh blood type system . Because its genotype is hh, there is no H antigen in the body, and it is impossible to synthesize A antigen or B antigen. However, three antibodies, antiA, antiB and antiH, exist in its plasma at the same time. Therefore, they cannot accept blood of any ABO blood type because these blood contain at least one of A, B, and H antigens, which are all exogenous antigens for them and will cause an immune response. Therefore, they can only receive blood transfusions from other individuals with Mumbai blood type.
Just now we said that the blood type of Mumbai is very rare in the world, and it is even more difficult to see in our country. There are no more than 30 cases of Mumbai blood type found in the country. Don’t think that having “dinosaur blood” is a very lucky thing. “dinosaur blood” is actually a disaster for the owner.
is a disaster for the owner
First of all, for pregnant women with rare blood types, the probability of fetal hemolysis is higher. For pregnant women, if the mother's blood type does not match the fetal blood type, a blood type antibody will be produced in the mother's body, which can destroy a large number of red blood cells in the fetal blood, thereby causing hemolysis. The most common are ABO hemolysis and Rh hemolysis.
In addition, the risk of postpartum bleeding for the second child of a pregnant woman with rare blood type is extremely high. Once major bleeding or other blood loss occurs during the operation, she will face the dilemma of no blood transfusion. For the possession of the Mumbai blood type, The pregnant woman was really lucky and successfully gave birth to her first two babies. Most of the owners of "dinosaur blood" such as
have autologous blood transfusions, which means that they store their own blood and give them to themselves.
Ms. Luo, Guizhou, had "premature birth, placenta previa , postpartum bleeding, and stillbirth" in the first child. When the second child gave birth, hemorrhage occurred again. So the expert immediately injected the storage autologous blood to Ms. Luo, so she was pulled back from the brink of death.
There is also a Ms. Zhong with a type A RH positive NN rare blood type and an anti-M antibody positive. In 2017, when she was 32 weeks pregnant for the first time, she had to give up the fetus because of "the maternal and fetal blood type inconsistent, fetal edema , and intrauterine hypoxia". The second child also suffered from hemolysis, and finally, with the efforts of several experts, the fetus was rescued from the gates of hell.
After discovering that this minority pregnant mother has a rare blood type, medical experts in Changsha also prepared corresponding emergency measures to prevent the occurrence of dangerous situations.
