"There is a bright moon on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time." For thousands of years, the moon has entrusted the Chinese people's strong emotional factors and cultural complexes, and has become an image symbol of romantic and beautiful intentions in Chinese traditional culture. Now, with the efforts of Chinese scientists, the distant moon has gradually unveiled its mystery. In 2007, the "Chang'e-1" satellite was launched into space, which opened the course of my country's lunar exploration; on December 17, 2020, the "Chang'e-5" satellite returner carried lunar samples safely and landed, thus the Chinese lunar exploration project The three-step plan of "circumnavigation, fall and return" was completed as scheduled. In just 13 years, China's lunar exploration project has made rapid progress.
Activity site
In order to further promote the spirit of science and enhance the patriotic awareness of the majority of young people, on the afternoon of March 31, the "Science and China" academicians and experts tour lectures and "Science+" activities entered Xianju, Zhejiang Province Middle school. Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, various models of the "Chang'e" series of the Chinese Academy of Space Technology, the commander-in-chief of the Mars probe, and the chief designer consultant and Ye Peijian brought a popular science report entitled "China's Moon Exploration" to the teachers and students present. This event was co-sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Central Propaganda Department, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Engineering, and six ministries and commissions of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology; the Science Popularization and Education Working Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Association for Science and Technology; Zhejiang Province Academician Expert Service Center, Zhejiang Science and Technology Museum, Taizhou Association for Science and Technology, CPC Xianju County Committee, Xianju County People's Government, Zhejiang Xianju Middle School, and Beijing Science and Technology News.
Lunar exploration has become a milestone in China's aerospace
During the event, Academician Ye Peijian gave a detailed account of my country’s unremitting efforts and outstanding achievements in lunar exploration over the past two decades. Under his narration, various astronomy and aerospace knowledge as well as the scientific research history of astronauts paved an epic scroll of China's aerospace development.Ye Peijian said that China has three space milestones, the first is the Dongfanghong-1 satellite launched in 1970, the second is the Shenzhou series of spacecraft launched at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century, and the third is my country’s 20 years. No one visits the moon.
Academician Ye Peijian
Ye Peijian introduced that before the 21st century, China's exploration outside the earth was relatively small. As of 2000, only tens of thousands of kilometers from the ground were explored. Therefore, the Chinese aerospace scientist team put forward the goal of "making the Chinese go further in the 21st century" and formulated a very long-term "three-step" plan, namely "exploration", "boarding" and "living". Among them, the first step of "exploration" can be the three steps of "winding", "falling" and "returning".
"Among them,' Chang'e-1' solves the problem of'winding','Chang'e 2 and 3'solves the problem of'falling', and' Chang'e 5' solves the problem. "Back to the problem. Every time we push forward, we have made great efforts. Because we lacked experience before, most of the work has to be done by our own exploration." Ye Peijian said, "The environment of the moon is extremely complicated, it has no atmosphere, day and night. The temperature difference can exceed 300°C, which places very stringent requirements on the detector. We continue to summarize the experience and lessons of the past work, and actively improve the future plan. Last year, we achieved a very smooth operation on the'Chang'e 5' "Chang'e 5" is China’s most complex space probe so far. We envisioned hundreds of emergency plans, but none of them were used. This is not only good luck, but also reflects the 20 years of China’s space flight The rapid growth of the business.”
China is capable of providing innovative power for the global aerospace industry
Ye Peijian also pointed out that although some countries have implemented lunar exploration projects many years ago, China’s lunar exploration projects It is not a simple imitation of them, but a large number of independent innovations, many of which are the "best in the world". For example, " Chang'e-3 " took the world's highest-resolution moon map so far including the north and south poles; "Chang'e-5" completed the lunar orbital rendezvous and docking of the world's first spacecraft, and so on.Among them, the most eye-catching is undoubtedly the " Chang'e-4" probe that successfully landed on the back of the moon. It made China the first country in the world to successfully land a spacecraft on the back of the moon.
Academician Ye Peijian explained the working principle of the "Queqiao" relay satellite through props
"Because the moon itself shields signals from the earth, how to communicate information between the earth and the moon has become an important factor for the probe to land on the back of the moon. After repeated research, we decided to use the "magpie bridge" relay satellite to ensure that the earth signal can be smoothly transmitted to the "Chang'e 4" on the back of the moon. This is a great innovation. It can be said, "Chang'e 4" The successful landing of China proves that China is fully determined and capable of providing innovative power for the global aerospace industry."
In addition to China's lunar exploration process, Ye Peijian also introduced the work of the "Tianwen-1" probe in exploring Mars. "Tianwen No. 1" will complete three detection methods, that is, make preliminary observations of Mars when its orbit is close to Mars, then use the rotation of Mars for comprehensive observations, and finally land on Mars for observation. In addition, he also briefly introduced the plans for establishing scientific research stations on the moon and detecting asteroids in the future.
On-site students gave a warm applause to the wonderful report
Ye Peijian encouraged Xianju students and encouraged them to cultivate team spirit and patriotism while constantly climbing and improving themselves. "Our large enterprises and projects are not just a few people, but a great army. Therefore, we must see farther and bigger, and put ourselves in the environment of the country."
Academician Ye Peijian replied Questions from students
Wonderful Q&A
Q: In the aerospace field, how do you think we should strengthen our country’s competitiveness in lunar resources?
Ye Peijian: In short,There are three things we must do: to develop the level of technology and industry; to have the ability to innovate; and to strive for more international cooperation. I think after a period of hard work, our national strength has increased, our innovation capabilities have improved, and we have more and more friends. Then we can enter the ranks of the world's aerospace powers and lead the world in some areas.
Q: Around May 15th "Tianwen No.1" will be "fired". What will we do after "fire"?
Ye Peijian: The rover will conduct inspections on Mars and observe the set scientific targets. In addition, the orbiter is still in orbit on Mars, so it will take about a year to form a global observation result, and the two must be combined.
Wen and photo丨Beijing Science and Technology News reporter Chen Zhenyu
editor丨Tang Pingting
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