25-year-old Xiao Zhang is an employee of an engineering company. His daily job is field work and he goes to various construction sites to inspect. He is in good health and likes exercise. However, he has had a problem since he was a child, which is that he suffers from allergic rhinitis . It is easy to induce it whenever the weather changes or the temperature drops. Therefore, he usually brings his own hormone drugs and sprays a little when it occurs. The symptoms are well controlled.
The weather has changed significantly recently, and the temperature has dropped by more than 10 degrees. Xiao Zhang's rhinitis has started to attack again. always feels itchy and sneezing, and the nasal congestion is very serious, and it can't even fall asleep. Even if the effect of using hormones to spray your nose, it won't take long, which seriously affects your daily work and life. So Xiao Zhang came to the hospital for examination. The doctor perfected the nasopharyngeal scopy for Xiao Zhang and found that his nasal passages and nasal base was obviously congested and edema, which was the manifestation of the acute phase of allergic rhinitis. Considering that Xiao Zhang may have been tolerant to hormone drugs, the effect of using alone was not good, so the doctor prescribed him a nasal spray called azetestine hydrochloride , and instructed him to use this drug on the basis of hormone treatment.
Xiao Zhang took the medicine at home for a few days after taking the medicine as directed by the doctor, and the symptoms of nasal congestion and sneezing were quickly relieved, so he went out to work again. As a result, one day his colleagues on the construction site asked him to drink. After drinking, Xiao Zhang felt dizzy and unstable standing. The next morning, he was even a little drowsy and unable to get up. So he immediately called the doctor to consult if it was caused by the side effects of azelastine. After hearing Xiao Zhang's description, the doctor immediately suggested that he temporarily stop the drug and explained that azelastine is an antihistamine inhibitor, which itself has a certain inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, and can interact with alcohol , resulting in vertigo, drowsiness and other symptoms . The doctor told Xiao Zhang to use the medicine again 48 hours later to prevent adverse reactions from occurring again, and Xiao Zhang agreed.
1. Pathogenesis and characteristics of allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is also called variant rhinitis. It is one of the common respiratory diseases in clinical practice. The main pathogenesis of is that many factors cause edema, congestion and hyperplasia in the nasal mucosa, which leads to nasal congestion, nasal itching, sneezing, and large runny nose. Patients with long-term allergic rhinitis will even undergo changes in the nasal structure, inducing proliferative diseases such as turbinate hypertrophy , nasal polyps , seriously affecting the patient's sense of smell and ventilation function .
Allergic rhinitis is currently an incurable disease . In clinical practice, it mainly relieves the clinical symptoms of patients and delays the development of the disease. This is because the publishing mechanism of allergic rhinitis is very complex. , especially the human body's own allergic constitution, is the main reason for allergic rhinitis. Therefore, allergic rhinitis is often family-hered.
study shows that patients with allergic rhinitis often have the characteristics of family clustering and are mostly accompanied by allergic asthma , so allergic rhinitis may be related to genetic inheritance. is a special group that is very sensitive to air changes and is prone to allergic to dust mites, molds, pollen, etc. in the air, inducing allergic reactions in the nasal cavity and airways, causing the body to release a large amount of histamine , which in turn induces severe allergic reactions, such as rash, mucosal edema, vigorous gland secretion, etc. . Therefore, for patients with sensitive constitutions, avoiding contact with allergens is the key to preventing allergic rhinitis.
Secondly, Epidemiological research shows that with the increasing environmental pollution, the proportion of allergic rhinitis patients caused by acquired factors is also gradually increasing. These patients themselves are not allergic to constitution, but due to long-term exposure to certain allergens, such as dust, dust, haze, etc., the body's immune function is malfunctioning, and thus becoming an allergic constitution. Therefore, self-protection must be done in daily life and work. such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and washing nose frequently are effective protective measures.
2. Mechanism and characteristics of azelastine
The essence of azelastine is a derivative of diazepinone, a novel and powerful H1 histamine receptor antagonist. is commonly used in the treatment of bronchial asthma , allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria and other diseases. It has significant anti-allergic effects , but it is precisely because its own drug effect is too strong, so there are many adverse clinical reactions. is generally not a first-line drug for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria, but is a alternative drug after poor treatment of conventional drugs.
Azepine is a powerful and long-acting anti-allergic drug . Pharmacological research shows that can bind to the histamine H1 receptor in the body, inhibit the allergic reaction induced by histamine , reduce the generation and release of various inflammatory mediators, and at the same time, it can inhibit the release of leukotrienes and peroxidase and other allergic substances such as , thereby effectively inhibiting the allergic reaction and reducing the damage to tissues and organs by allergic reactions.
Secondly, Azepine can effectively inhibit the contraction of the smooth muscles of the airway and nasal mucosa, relieve airway spasm caused by inflammatory reactions or allergic reactions , , and can effectively inhibit the release of histamine, reduce the congestion and edema of the airway mucosa, and effectively improve airway ventilation.
Finally, azelastine can effectively inhibit the inflammatory adhesion mechanism in the airway, reduce the infiltration and aggregation of inflammatory cells in the lungs, inhibit gland secretion, thereby effectively reducing sputum production, and can dilute sputum , helping to excrete sputum from the lungs through patients' coughs and other means.
3. Azepine is often used in clinical practice to treat the following four diseases
Azepine is a new anti-allergic drug. Because of its strong efficacy, fast onset and high bioavailability, it is often used as one of the alternative drugs for treating various allergic diseases. However, the dosage forms and usage methods of azepine are often different when treating different diseases, and if used improperly, it is prone to adverse reactions. Therefore, it is recommended that everyone take the medicine under the guidance of a doctor. In clinical practice, azepine is often used to treat the following four diseases.
1, acute phase of allergic rhinitis
Currently, hormone drugs are the first-line drugs to prevent and treat allergic rhinitis, but long-term use of hormones can easily lead to tolerance and adverse reactions in the human body, resulting in a decrease in the efficacy of hormones. Azepine is often used as a backup drug when hormone drugs are insufficient, and when treating allergic rhinitis, azepinephrine nasal spray is often used in clinical practice. clinical studies show that combined with azatine nasal spray on the basis of hormone therapy can quickly relieve patients' nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing and other clinical symptoms, improve patients' ventilation function, and have a certain effect on delaying the development of the disease and improving patients' prognosis .
2, bronchial asthma
Allergic reaction is one of the important mechanisms for inducing bronchial asthma. Therefore, anti-allergic is also one of the principles of clinical treatment of bronchial asthma. Anti-allergic treatment can effectively inhibit inflammatory reactions, relieve tracheal spasm, improve lung ventilation, and dilute sputum and promote sputum excretion. Among them, Azestrostin tablets are one of the commonly used anti-allergic drugs, which are often used in combination with hormones, phlegm-relieving drugs, etc. clinical studies show that azelastine can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of bronchial asthma patients, improve the clinical manifestations of chest tightness , wheezing, etc., and can help the excretion of sputum and improve lung ventilation .
3, allergic conjunctivitis
3 Allergic conjunctivitis is an eye disease caused by allergic reactions. It is often manifested in clinical manifestations such as itchy eyes, red and swollen conjunctiva, tears and a large amount of secretions. Azepine tablets and azepine eye drops are one of the anti-allergic drugs commonly used in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis in clinical practice. clinical studies show that azelastine can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis patients and quickly improve clinical symptoms such as eye pain, redness, swelling of the conjunctiva, and tears.
4, chronic urticaria
3 azastrostin tablets are second-line drugs for clinical treatment of chronic urticaria. They are often used as a candidate drug after poor results of first-line drugs such as cetirizine , loratadine , and other first-line drugs. clinical studies show that azastrostin can effectively relieve the itching symptoms of patients with chronic urticaria and reduce the acute attack of the disease. At the same time, it can also be used to improve the prognosis of the disease .
4. Can patients with allergic rhinitis use azathestine for a long time?
Since azelastine can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis, can it be used for a long time? answer is no. Azepine nasal spray is mainly used to treat the acute stage of allergic rhinitis. It does not itself have the effect of preventing the onset of allergic rhinitis, and long-term use is likely to induce adverse reactions. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is only recommended to use azepine medication to start the acute attack of allergic rhinitis, and it is not recommended to use for a long time.
Azepine itself has an inhibitory effect on Central nervous system , and the drug concentration in azepine spray is higher, so is more likely to induce adverse reactions such as headache, dizziness, and drowsiness , especially when the number of uses is frequent, the most It is easy to attack; secondly, the effect of azathrin itself is very long-lasting, and the effect of each use can last up to 16-20 hours. Therefore, multiple use or long-term use can easily cause the accumulation of in the drug, which induces various adverse reactions; finally, the liver is the main organ of metabolizing azathrin, and long-term use of azathrin can easily cause damage to liver function . To sum up, long-term use of azelastine is not recommended in clinical practice, and it is only used as an overdose drug in the acute attack period. The continuous use of is best for 1-3 months .
5. Pay attention to these 5 points when using azathrin scientifically
Azathrin has fast onset and strong efficacy, but it also has many adverse reactions, and there are many dosage forms in clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to make reasonable choices based on the specific disease. It is recommended that everyone take medicine under the guidance of a doctor. Pay attention to the following 5 points when using azathrin scientifically.
First, pay attention to dosage form and usage method
Clinically, common dosage forms of azelastine include three types: tablets, nasal sprays and eye drops. Among them, azelastine tablets are mainly used to treat chronic urticaria and bronchial asthma. The commonly used methods of using are 2 mg each time, twice a day, and are taken before breakfast and before going to bed late, so as to avoid adverse reactions to drugs. l4; Azepine nasal spray is mainly used to treat allergic rhinitis. The conventional method of using is to spray 2 times per nostril each time, twice a day, and the interval between 2 times is 10-12 hours. Azepine eye drops are mainly used to treat allergic conjunctivitis. The routine method of using is 1-2 drops each time, twice a day, each time before going to bed at night. If the eye symptoms are severe, it can be increased to 3-4 times a day.
Second, main adverse reactions
Azerostine The most common adverse reactions are inhibitory effects on the central nervous system , common ones include dizziness, fatigue, vertigo, drowsiness, etc., which are more common in the early stage of use. As the use time is prolonged, the adverse reactions will gradually decrease; secondly, Azerostine has certain stimulation to the taste buds and the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of is easy to cause adverse reactions such as dry mouth, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite; third, long-term use of azapine can cause liver function damage, leading to increased liver enzymes, and therefore not suitable for patients with moderate to severe liver function damage; finally, a very small number of patients with will have allergic reactions to azapine, and have rashes, itching, and . It is recommended to change the treatment plan for this kind of patient.
3 Third, these should be paid attention to during drug use
First, Must ban alcohol during use of azepinestin . Research shows that alcohol and azepinestin have a synergistic effect, resulting in enhanced inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, resulting in severe dizziness, unstable standing, Drowsiness, and even coma will occur in severe cases; secondly, azathrin will react with food, so do not take during or within 1 hour after meals, as it may easily affect the efficacy of the medicine; finally, should not perform precision instrument operation after taking , such as driving, driving a boat, operating machinery, etc., because it is easy to affect the patient's attention.
Fourth, pay attention to the cross-reaction of drugs
The following drugs should not be combined with azepine:
Sleeping pills : Azepine will strengthen the sedation and hypnosis effect of sleeping pills, leading to various adverse reactions such as headache, dizziness, and drowsiness;
Keconazole :Keconazole will affect the metabolic rate of azelastine, leading to excessive drug concentration and induce adverse reactions;
Cimetidine :Cimetidine will cause an increase in the adverse reaction rate of azelastine, which may be related to inhibiting azelastine metabolism.
Fifth, pay attention to the medication for special groups
3 ban on in pregnant and breastfeeding women, lack of research data, and the safety is unknown; 12-year-old children are banned from , lack of relevant research data, and the safety and effectiveness are unknown; 60-year-old elderly people should start using it from small doses to reduce the chance of adverse reactions; is prohibited from patients allergic to azelastine.
6. Summary
azathostin is a powerful anti-allergic drug. It is often used to treat allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, chronic urticaria and other diseases. It has strong efficacy and fast effect, but there are many side effects. It is recommended that everyone use it under the guidance of a doctor; secondly, be sure to prohibit alcohol during use, otherwise it will lead to severe central nervous system inhibition reactions; finally, for patients with allergic rhinitis, drug treatment can only relieve symptoms and delay the condition, and more importantly, self-protection should be taken to avoid contact with allergic .
