gets hyperglycemia . If blood sugar is not effectively controlled for a long time, it will cause vascular endothelial damage, leading to lesions of microvascular and large blood vessels, and causing various complications such as chronic renal disease and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, when we choose antidiabetic drugs, we should not only look at the effect of antidiabetic drugs, but also give priority to drugs that have clear protective effects on the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Among the nine commonly used antidiabetic drugs, only three have obvious protective effects on the kidneys and cardiovascular system. So today I will share it with you.
The first is metformin: it is the preferred antidiabetic drug for the treatment of html type 12 diabetes , and can also be used as the basic drug for various combination treatment plans. Metformin mainly reduces blood sugar by reducing the output of liver glucose , improving peripheral insulin resistance, and promoting the utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues. Compared with other hypoglycemic drugs, metformin can not only reduce blood sugar, but also reduce weight, improve insulin resistance, and fat synthesis and metabolism. Therefore, it plays an important role in the control of blood sugar, blood lipids, , body weight, and insulin , which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, if these risk factors are reduced, the purpose of protecting the cardiovascular and reducing cardiovascular diseases can be achieved.
Although metformin has many advantages, the most common side effect of this medicine is gastrointestinal reaction. Therefore, it is recommended that patients who have just started taking metformin should start taking it from a small dose. After the body tolerate it, they should gradually adjust the dosage of the medicine according to the blood sugar condition according to the doctor's guidance. In addition, long-term use of metformin may also cause vitamin B12 deficiency, so pay attention to timely supplementation.
The second is glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist: including liraglutide , dulagelope, exenatide , etc. It is a inentrotropin secreting hormone secreted by intestinal L cells. In addition to promoting the secretion and synthesis of insulin, inhibiting the secretion of glucagon , increasing the number of pancreatic β cells, it can also inhibit appetite and increase the feeling of fullness. While lowering sugar, it can also regulate blood lipids, protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and delay , diabetic nephropathy, and other effects.
The third is sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, including dapagliflozin , empagliflozin, canagliflozin, etc. It reduces blood sugar by inhibiting the reabsorption of sugar by renal tubules and promoting the excretion of sugar from the urine. Because the method of lowering sugar is special, it generally does not cause hypoglycemia, nor does it increase the burden on pancreas . It can not only reduce blood sugar, protect cardiovascular and renal functions, but also promote the excretion of uric acid and reduce uric acid levels, which also has obvious benefits for improving weight and blood pressure . The main disadvantage is that it is prone to urinary tract infection, so you must drink more water during the medication period and drink at least 2,000 ml of boiled water every day. This can reduce the glucose content in the urine by urinating. The more water you drink, the smaller the chance of urinary tract infection .
Diabetes patients with diabetes are also essential in addition to taking medicine on time, and the general principle of diet is low sugar , low fat, low salt, less meat and more vegetables. Eat more foods rich in fiber, such as vegetables, beans and coarse grains, etc., which not only increase the feeling of fullness, but also help delay the absorption of sugar. In life, we should quit smoking and drinking, work and rest on time, stay up late less, exercise appropriately, and undergo regular follow-up examinations and seek medical treatment at any time if there is any situation.
