October 13, 2022 is the ninth "World Thrombosis Day". Venous thromboembolic disease, due to its hidden incidence, most patients have no clinical symptoms and are prone to misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. It is known as the "silent killer" .
Among them, the elderly are its main dangerous group. What are the , how to stay away from the "silent killer" ?
What is venous thromboembolism?
Blood abnormally coagulates in venous blood vessels, forming a thrombus, partially or completely blocking the blood vessels. This phenomenon is called venous thromboembolism (VTE).
If a thrombus blocks the deep vein of the legs, it is called The deep vein thrombus of the lower limbs forms .
If the blood clot reaches the lungs with the blood flow, blocking the blood vessels in the lungs, it is referred to as pulmonary embolism .
What are the dangers of venous thromboembolic disease?
Venous thromboembolism is the third most common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease after ischemic heart disease and stroke .
Around the world, pulmonary embolism has become a frequent disease that seriously threatens human health and life. It is one of the main causes of sudden death, accounting for about 10% of deaths in hospitals.
In my country, 1 person dies from pulmonary embolism-related diseases every hour.
What are the common symptoms of venous thromboembolic disease?
After a deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs, one leg may suddenly experience swelling, pain, and redness of the skin. The temperature will increase. After pulmonary embolism occurs, it is generally manifested as sudden dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis , and in severe cases, shock or even death.
Once the thrombus falls off, a large amount of pulmonary embolism may lead to large-scale pulmonary embolism, which is often very dangerous. In severe cases, death can be achieved within 1-2 hours, and there is still a risk of recurrence after the dangerous period.
Why are the elderly the main dangerous people?
The incidence of venous thromboembolic increases significantly with age.
In my country, among people aged 45 to 64, 22.3 people have VTE per 100,000 people, while among people aged 65 to 84, 73.5 people have VTE per 100,000 people.
The elderly have a variety of factors that induce venous thrombosis to form , such as degenerative changes in vascularity caused by natural aging, and slowing down blood flow speed caused by decreased activity. Some underlying diseases such as heart failure , infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , malignant tumors, etc., which make the blood in a hypercoagulable state.
How to treat venous thromboembolic disease?
The main treatment methods for venous thromboembolic disease include oral anti-blood clotting drugs, using drugs to dissolve thrombus in venous blood vessels, and surgical removal of venous thrombus .
How should the elderly prevent them in their lives?
1. Reasonable diet: It is advisable to choose low-salt, low-saccharide, low-fat, low- cholesterol, and foods rich in dietary fiber, such as fresh vegetables, fruits, beans, etc. to keep the stool smooth.
2. Drink enough water: If there is no heart or kidney disease, drink 1500-1700ml of water per day.
3. Appropriate exercise: sit for a long time, such as lying in bed for a long time, sitting in a wheelchair, playing cards, playing mahjong, riding a car, taking a plane, etc.
Exercise more, and it is advisable to choose aerobic exercise, such as jogging, Tai Chi, etc., do not exercise vigorously to prevent falls and fractures.
The ankle pump exercise can be selected for bed and wheelchair.
ankle pump movement points:
(1) Fight up the toes, keeping the toes towards themselves for 5 seconds;
(2) Slowly press down to the maximum position, keeping for 5 seconds;
(3) With the ankle as the center, the toes are surrounded by 360 degrees clockwise;
(4) With the ankle as the center, the toes are surrounded by 360 degrees counterclockwise.
Note: The above is a complete set of ankle pump movements. Early, noon, evening, and before going to bed, 3-5 minutes each time.
4. Elevate the lower limbs: Lift both lower limbs during rest, 20-30cm higher than the heart level, and wear elastic stockings if necessary. Shoes and socks are tight, as too tight will lead to poor blood flow.
5. Don’t smoke: quit smoking and stay away from second-hand smoke.
6. Regular physical examination: Physical examination once a year to maintain blood sugar, blood pressure, , blood lipids, within the normal range.
7. Maintain a reasonable weight and avoid obesity. What are the advantages of
interventional surgery in the treatment of venous thromboembolism?
Interventional surgery is to use thin catheters, guidewires and other precision instruments to reach the location of the thrombus under the guidance of imaging equipment without surgery, and use drugs to dissolve the thrombus and remove the venous thrombus through the blood vessels.
treatment effect is obvious, and limb pain, swelling and dyspnea can be effectively relieved after the operation.
The wound left by the operation is only the size of a pinhole, and it heals quickly after the operation, reducing the patient's pain. To prevent large-scale pulmonary embolism, the inferior vena cava filter can also be placed through the blood vessels to prevent blood clots from reaching the lungs.
The Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital opens a green channel for patients with venous thromboembolic disease, and can provide interventional surgical treatment as soon as possible to protect the patient's life.
As the aging process of my country's population continues to accelerate, the incidence of venous thromboembolization of has also increased year by year. How to prevent this potentially fatal disease will become a major public health issue.
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(Editor Rainbow. Picture source from the Internet, delete if infringement)
Hunan Medical Chat Special Author: Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Interventional Vascular Surgery Department Li Lan Cai Huangxing
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