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October-November is the small peak of hand, foot and mouth disease in Beijing. A study published in the magazine Vaccine shows that the EV71 vaccine (hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine) can be vaccinated at the same time as the hepatitis B vaccine, group A meningeal polysaccharide vaccine, measles rubella vaccine, and type B encephalitis vaccine, and has good immunogenicity and safety. Can vaccination really work once and for all?
Popular Science Expert: Li Shaoying, Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Infection at Beijing Children's Hospital, and Hu Bing, Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Infection at Beijing Children's Hospital. Hu Bing
Q: What are the infectious routes of hand, foot and mouth disease?
A: There are many ways of contagious disease, which can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, or through the respiratory tract (droplets, cough, sneeze, etc.), and can also be transmitted through contact with the patient's oral secretions, herpes fluid, etc. Although most patients with hand, foot and mouth disease will produce protective antibodies to infected enterovirus serotypes and have a lower chance of repeated occurrence of infection with the same enterovirus serotype, multiple enterovirus serotypes can cause hand, foot and mouth disease and there is no cross-protection between them. The same child may experience hand, foot and mouth disease multiple times due to infection with different enterovirus serotypes.
Q: What are the symptoms of the child’s illness?
A: Most children often first experience fever symptoms when they are on the disease, with rashes on the palms and soles of their feet, herpes or ulcers in the mouth, and obvious pain. Some children also have symptoms such as cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headache. Children, especially those under 3 years old, who have persistent high fever, poor mental health, vomiting, prone to shock, limb shaking, weakness, rapid breathing and heart rate, cold sweating, cold hands and feet and other poor peripheral circulation, they should consider the possibility of severe illness and go to a regular medical institution for treatment as soon as possible.
Q: Can vaccination be done once and for all?
A: Hand, foot and mouth disease is an acute infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses, among which enterovirus type 71 (EV71), Coxsackie virus A16 (CA16), Coxsackie virus A6 (CA6) and Coxsackie virus A10 (CA10). The existing "hand, foot and mouth vaccines" on the market only target EV71 virus and cannot prevent other types of enteroviruses. They belong to Class II vaccines and require vaccination at their own expense. EV71 is the main pathogen that causes severe and deaths of hand, foot and mouth disease. Although it cannot prevent all hand, foot and mouth disease, it will significantly reduce the occurrence of severe and deaths of hand, foot and mouth disease.
Q: How to scientifically prevent hand, foot and mouth disease?
A: html Children aged 65 and under are susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease. In addition to vaccination, the key to preventing hand, foot and mouth disease is to pay attention to family and surrounding environment hygiene and pay attention to personal hygiene. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before and after meals and after going out; do not drink raw water or eat raw and cold food; keep ventilated frequently in the room; dry clothes and quilts frequently. During the epidemic, do not take your children to public places with dense crowds and poor air circulation to avoid contact with sick children.
Q: How to distinguish it from oral ulcers?
A: Many parents will confuse oral ulcers with hand, foot and mouth disease, resulting in children not seeking medical treatment in time. For oral ulcers caused by infection, rashes are generally concentrated in the mouth; while there are many places in the hands, feet and mouth. Although it is the most common in the mouth, the throat, nose, cheek, mucosa, and gums may also be seen. Some rashes even occur on the back and forth of the hands, feet and soles, the toes, fingers, and buttocks. In severe cases, it can reach the knees, elbow joints and . In addition, the herpes in oral ulcers are round or oval with a hollow middle; while the rashes in the hands, feet and mouth are blister or small red rash.
Q: How to distinguish it from herpes pharyngeal inflammation ?
A: In clinically, hand, foot and mouth disease is often confused with herpetic pharyngeal inflammation.Herpetic pharyngeal inflammation is an acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by enterovirus. It is clinically manifested as fever and oral pharyngeal herpes. A few cases will experience complications such as hyperthermia convulsions, encephalitis and . Most of them are mild cases and have self-limiting conditions. The course of the disease is generally 4-6 days, occasionally delaying to two weeks. The early stage of hand, foot and mouth disease is like a cold, which has acute onset and fever, which is generally around 38℃. Children may experience cough, runny nose, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, etc., or herpes the size of rice grains appears in the palms or soles of the feet after 1-2 days, and sometimes it will appear in the buttocks and knees.
Beijing News reporter Zhang Zhaohui
proofreading Zhao Lin
