Nowadays, the streets are full of various pet dogs and pet cats, and some families even keep more than a dozen of them. These small pets can indeed bring a lot of fun to ordinary life, but pets are just animals, they are not Without human thought, you may be bitten by them if you are not careful.
my country is one of the countries most seriously affected by rabies , ranking second in the world after India. Rabies is classified as Class B infectious disease in my country and is one of the most serious public health problems.
As my country's rabies prevention and control work continues to strengthen, the number of rabies cases in China has been decreasing year by year in recent years. In 2021, the number of rabies cases in China was 157, a decrease of 45 cases compared with 2020, a year-on-year decrease of 22.28%, accounting for the total number of infectious diseases. 0.003%.
First of all, let’s understand the main symptoms of rabies
The length of the incubation period of rabies should not be mostly within three months. The length of the incubation period is related to factors such as age, wound location, depth of the wound, the number of invading viruses, and virulence. Typical clinical manifestations can be divided into The following aspects:
, prodromal stage
Most patients have cold-like symptoms such as low-grade fever, loss of appetite, nausea, headache, fatigue, general discomfort, etc., and then appear fearful and uneasy, and are sensitive to light, wind, sound, pain, etc. And there is a tightness in the throat.
The early symptoms that are more diagnostic are abnormal sensation in and around the wound, including numbness, itching, pain and ant-like sensation. This is caused by the stimulation of neurons by virus reproduction and lasts for 2 to 4 days.
. In the excitement stage
, patients gradually enter a state of high excitement, with prominent symptoms such as extreme fear, fear of water, fear of wind, episodic pharyngeal muscle spasm, difficulty breathing, difficulty urinating and defecation, and excessive sweating and salivation.
. In the paralytic stage,
, the spasm stops, and the patient gradually becomes quiet, but flaccid paralysis occurs, especially limb paralysis. Eye muscles, facial muscles, and masticatory muscles can also be affected, showing strabismus , eye movement disorders, and mandibular drop. , unable to close mouth, lack of facial expression, etc.
A man was bitten by a dog. After receiving the rabies vaccine, he still died. Why is this?
Generally speaking, after being bitten by a dog, most people will receive the rabies vaccine immediately. However, after a man in Henan was accidentally bitten by a dog at home, he received the rabies vaccine. Unexpectedly, he developed rabies symptoms all over his body in about a week. Unpleasant symptoms, and eventually passed away.
It is understood that in Henan, a man was accidentally bitten by a dog at home. He immediately went to the hospital to receive a rabies vaccine. He originally thought that nothing would happen after the vaccination. Unexpectedly, it only took about a week. Not only the phenomenon of frequent urination and occurs, but also the problem of numbness in the legs and feet.
At this time, the man did not think that it was related to rabies, but thought it was caused by overexertion. Later, his family found something was wrong and quickly took him to the hospital for a full body examination.
After detailed examination, the doctor found that the man had rabies. However, the treatment had no effect at this time because the best time for treatment was delayed. In the end, the man died of serious illness.
After this incident happened, it immediately caused an uproar on the Internet. Many netizens were very confused, why did this man still get sick and die after receiving the rabies vaccine?
The doctor explained it this way:
. Inadequate wound treatment;
. No rabies immune globulin vaccination.
For those with serious injuries, such as skin oozing, bleeding, or one or more wounds on the head, face, neck or fingers. If you are bitten in multiple places and the mucosa of your mouth or eyelids is contaminated with dog saliva, you will need to be injected with rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin twice.
Because after vaccination with rabies vaccine, it takes 10 to 14 days for the human body to develop protective capabilities, and the incubation period of rabies varies. The shortest is 5 days, and the onset is generally 1 to 3 months. During this period, if you receive rabies virus immune globulin , it can neutralize rabies virus before antibodies are produced, inhibit virus reproduction, protect the human body, and reduce the risk of disease.
. The vaccinated vaccine failed
- . The vaccination was not carried out strictly according to the interval of 5 injections, resulting in delayed antibody production or even failure to produce antibodies.
- injected the invalid vaccine. According to the requirements, the rabies vaccine needs to be transported and stored at a low temperature of 2~10℃, otherwise the vaccine will be ineffective. It can only be administered to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the town health centers with dog bite qualifications. Rabies vaccination can only be given at the trauma clinic.
such as malignant tumors, liver cirrhosis and immunodeficiency disease patients will experience immune failure. After vaccination, if you do not pay attention to avoid drinking a lot of alcohol, drinking strong tea, eating ginger, garlic, pepper, rooster, etc. Taking drugs, not stopping strenuous exercise, or not avoiding the use of hormones, immune preparations such as cyclophosphamide and drugs such as chloroquine will lead to immune failure.
Reading extension - How to treat the wound correctly after being bitten by a dog?
The wound is relatively shallow. You can wash it repeatedly with 20% soapy water first. After cleaning, rinse it with a large amount of cold boiled water or saline. It is generally not recommended to use tap water because tap water may contain a large number of bacteria, causing wound contamination.
If the wound is deep, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible for wound treatment, cleaning and disinfection. First, wash repeatedly with 20% soapy water. After cleaning, rinse with a large amount of saline. After rinsing, use 70% alcohol, or 2%-2.5% iodophor or iodine for disinfection.
If the wound is relatively small, there is no need to bandage and suture it. If the wound is deep, it should be bandaged or cleaned and sutured. After cleaning the wound, the rabies vaccine should be administered as soon as possible.
