Chi, pulse counting (with disease pulse) Chi counting refers to the number of pulse beats. When an ordinary person exhales and inhales, the pulse rate is four times, which is a normal pulse rate. If it is fast or slow, it is too late or too late.
The human body is nothing more than yin and yang. Yin and yang are water and fire, water and fire are qi and blood. Blood is born from heart fire, which is supported by kidney water and transformed into yin blood. The endless beating of yin blood depends entirely on the promotion of yang qi. However;
Qi is born in the kidney water, which is converted into Yang Qi by the heart fire and kidney Yang. The Yang Qi sneaks inside and outside without being light and floating, and it all depends on the calmness of the Yin blood.
When yin and yang are balanced, water and fire are harmonious, and qi and blood are harmonious, then the pulses come four times with each exhalation and one inhalation, and they are normal pulse times without delay or counting.
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If the evil of yin and cold invades internally, the internal yin qi plus the external cold evil will form a phenomenon of excessive yin qi. If the yin qi is excessive, the yang will be affected by the disease. The yin and yang stopped to be balanced, but now the yin energy is too strong and the corresponding yang energy is insufficient.
At this time, although the kidney yang and heart fire can transform qi, the yang and warmth in this qi can no longer meet the needs of the body inside and outside. Therefore, the power of broadcasting is weakened, the power of blood conduction is not forward, and the pulse It's too late.
On the contrary, if the evil of warmth invades internally, the internal Yang Qi will be added to the external evil heat, resulting in excessive Yang Qi. If the Yang is strong, the Yin will be affected by the disease, and the Yang and Yin will stop to balance out. Now the heart fire and kidney yang will become excessive due to evil heat, so the power of transforming qi will be strengthened. In this qi, there will be more yang and heat, and water and yin. If the points are insufficient, if the Yang is strong, the fire will be strong. The fire will boil and the pulse will move in response to it.
From this point of view, the delay in counting the two pulses is just due to the influence of cold and heat evils on the human body's yin and yang, and the righteousness itself is not in a state of decline. Therefore, among the late numbers, they all appear powerful, which is their characteristic.
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If the pulse is late and weak, the underlying pathogenesis is not in this case. This is caused by deficiency of qi and blood after a long illness, or due to inherent weakness and insufficient righteousness. The pathogenesis does not lie in the severity of external cold and heat evils, but in the deficiency of yin and yang in oneself.
Only if is deficient in yin , there will be relatively excess yang energy. Excessive qi is fire . When fire is strong, qi will be strong, and when qi is strong, the pulsating force will accelerate, and the pulse will move accordingly; only if is yang deficient , if there is relatively excess Yin Qi, if Yin is excessive and Yang is deficient, the heart fire and kidney Yang Qi will not be transformed enough, the driving force of Yang Qi will be weakened, and the pulse will move slowly in response.
From this point of view, the so-called excess of yin and excess of yang is caused by the deficiency of qi and blood, which is different from the former condition of excess cold and excess heat. Therefore, the pulse will be weak when it comes in late, and it is a deficiency of cold. When it's hot.
As for the disease pulse , the pulse comes in seven or eight to more than one breath, especially when the pulse is several times, and it is the time when the yin is exhausted and the yang pole is exhausted.
Because the carrier of blood is Qi, and the defender of Qi is blood. Now that the Yin blood is extremely depleted, Yang loses control and flies over lightly, forming a tendency of oil drying and exploding. Therefore, the number of pulses is doubled, which is not the only major pulse. The combination of excess heat and deficient heat is a time of separation between yin and yang and a near-death situation.
Slippery and astringent pulse (attached to the artery)
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Slippery pulse is a sign of smooth blood, and astringent pulse is a sign of stagnant blood.
Therefore, the slippery and astringent pulses are mainly caused by the vessel . If there is excess Yin blood in the vessels, the pulse will be smooth and smooth; if there is insufficient Yin blood in the vessels, the pulse will be difficult and difficult to pass. Just like in a river, when the water is high, it will flow continuously and flow smoothly without hindrance; when the water is low, it will be difficult and reluctant to move.
If there is excess yin blood, the pulse will be slippery, and if there is insufficient yin blood, the pulse will be astringent. The slippery and astringent pulses are the main indicators for observing the pathogenesis.
Qi and blood are closely related. The amount of Yin blood in the vessels affects each other with the rise and fall of Yang Qi outside the vessels.
Suppose there is a lot of Yin blood in the vessel but the Yang Qi outside the vessel is weak, the pulse cannot be smooth; conversely, although there is little Yin blood in the vessel but there is excess Yang Qi outside the vessel, the pulse cannot be astringent.
The movement of Yin blood must rely on the promotion of Yang Qi. If the blood must be abundant but Qi is not deficient, the pulse will be smooth and slippery; if there is little blood and Qi is deficient, the pulse will be difficult, stagnant and astringent.
Therefore, the predecessors said: "Slipperiness is almost number but not equal to number, and astringency is almost late but not equal to late." This is based on the strength of the two meridians of slippery and astringent combined with the driving force of Yang Qi.
In short, Slippery pulse is only a sign of strong Qi and blood, and astringent pulse is a sign of weak Qi and blood. However, Slippery pulse is a sign of excess Yang Qi, while astringent pulse is a sign of insufficient Yin blood.
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As for which disease the two meridians specialize in, it is not always the case. Although the predecessors have said that a certain pulse controls a certain disease, and a certain disease is associated with a certain pulse, they only give a rough outline and determine its scope. They should never be mechanically determined or determined. In this way, the actual significance of pulse diagnosis is lost. It must be combined with the condition analysis to arrive at a precise diagnosis.
That is to say, the slippery pulse controls phlegm, and the astringent pulse controls blood stasis. The phlegm is condensed by the Qi of water and yin, and its nature is smooth. The blood stasis is caused by the stasis of yin and blood, and its nature is stagnant and astringent. However, once the phlegm and blood stasis are resolved, It also blocks the circulation of Qi and blood and blocks the flow of healthy Qi.
At this time, if the human body's righteousness is not damaged and the qi and blood are strong, the impulse force of the pulse will be stronger. If the evil hinders the righteousness, the pulse will move and cause resistance; if the righteousness prevails over the evil, the impulse force will become stronger and stronger. The pulse is fluent, which is why the slippery pulse is formed.
If the human body's healthy energy has been damaged and the energy and blood are weak, the power of vascular impulses will become increasingly weakened. If the evil hinders the positive, the pulse will be blocked; if the positive is negative, the pulse will be difficult and stagnant, which is the result of astringent pulse.
Therefore, in clinical practice, some patients who have been ill for a long time and have a weak constitution have obvious phlegm symptoms but do not have slippery pulses; similarly, some patients who have a strong constitution at the beginning of the illness have symptoms of blood stasis, although they do have symptoms of blood stasis. There is no astringency in the pulse.
Different disease veins will appear depending on the strength of righteousness, the rise and fall of qi and blood, and the change of pathogenesis. It cannot be concluded in one way.
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Another example is that the slippery pulse is mainly eaten to support pregnancy, while the astringent pulse is also the staple food to support pregnancy, and the same is true.
Because food accumulation is a pathological disorder in the human body, and pregnancy is a physiological disorder in the human body. Although the two are different, they cause temporary circulatory disorders of human qi and blood.
However, due to the different duration of the disease, the strength of the constitution, the rise and fall of qi and blood, the advance and retreat of righteousness, etc., the same physiological or pathological change can also produce different results of astringent and slippery pulses.
Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing also pointed out in "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber: Su Shi Chapter": "The pulse at Cunkou is floating and large, but feels astringent when pressed, and it is also light and astringent in the ruler, indicating that there is Su Shi", and then goes on to say: " If the pulse is rapid and slippery, it is true that there is food in the place."
This not only fully reflects the flexibility and penetration of Zhongjing's pulse method, but also explains the principle that the same syndrome of local food can have two opposite pulse conditions, slippery or astringent, due to the difference in physical deficiency and excess, as well as the different profit and loss of qi and blood.
For example, when a woman becomes pregnant, her qi and blood are usually strong. Therefore, once she is pregnant, her qi and blood will be congested and her pulse will be fluent and slippery. However, a small number of women have weak constitutions, or even though they are strong in the early stages of pregnancy, they take too long after conception. , Qi and blood gradually weaken, and the pulse is not only not smooth, but also astringent, which is not uncommon in clinical practice.
always should be closely combined with the pathogenesis and flexible inference to be pertinent.
As for the arteries, the pulse is smooth and smooth. If there is a vibration feeling under the finger, the "Mai Jing" says that it is only seen at the Guan Guan. In fact, this pulse can appear in all three parts. However, the arteries are more obvious at the Guan Guan part due to the hardness and narrowing of the tissue. Ear.
The main pulse is more likely to appear in situations of panic and acute pain. It is caused by temporary emotional excitement and excessive Yang Qi impulse, so that the force of the pulse is strengthened and the feeling of vibration appears.
As for the purpose of "Su Wen·Ping Ren Qi Lun" which states that "a woman with a severe Shaoyin pulse in her hand is pregnant", this is one of the previous methods of taking pulses all over the body.
The so-called hand Shaoyin pulse refers to the "Shenmen" artery, not the "chi" that later generations referred to as Shaoyin; the word "moving" does not refer to the movement of arteries as later generations meant, but only the pulse. In terms of beating.
Because the Shenmen portal artery in normal people is different from Cunkou, and its beating is very weak. If the pulse beats obviously now, it is a sign of excessive Qi and blood, so it is judged as having a son.According to this, later generations used the ruler to control pregnancy, which is not very realistic.
Deficiency and Excess Pulse (with Lao Pulse)
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"Su Wen·Tong Commentary on Deficiency and Excess" says: What is deficiency and excess? Qi Bo said: "If the evil energy is strong, it will be real, and if the essence energy is deprived, it will be weak." This is the two different phenomena of using the words "deficiency and excess" to observe the growth and decline of evil qi and the rise and fall of righteous qi in the human body during the disease process.
However, we must know that true and true pulses are certainly caused by the abundance of evil Qi; if the blood Qi is insufficient and the healthy Qi is in decline, then although the evil Qi is real but the positive Qi is weak, the real and evil pulses will not be formed.
Similarly, deficient pulse syndrome is certainly caused by the loss of essence and energy, but when the syndrome is deficient pulse syndrome, it cannot be concluded that the evil Qi has completely subsided.
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When the human body is still strong and the righteousness has not declined, once it feels the external evil heat, the righteousness will rush to resist, forming a situation where evil and good are fighting each other. When the evil is strong, the good will also be strong. The evil heat is blocked and the accumulation is large. gather.
At this time, not only the whole body functions are in a highly hyperactive state, but also the output of Qi and blood circulation is greatly increased in order to adapt to this new pathological change.
Because if there is excess yin blood in the vessels, the pulse will grow long and full, and if the yang energy outside the vessel is strong, the force of the pulse will be strengthened, and the pulse will be solid and powerful. This is the formation of the strong pulse.
As for pulse deficiency, its causes are completely different from those of real pulse. This is usually caused by the gradual decline of healthy energy after a long illness, or internal injuries to the seven emotions, resulting in deficiency of energy and blood. The main cause of the disease lies not in the amount of evil energy, but in the consumption of healthy energy. Therefore, the scriptures say, "If the essence and energy are taken away, it will be empty."
"The Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" believes that is a deficient pulse and is labor, which shows that most of the deficient pulses are positive and not evil. Only where exactly is the deficiency pulse located must be clearly understood.
Physicians in the past dynasties believed that the deficiency of pulse and blood was the main purpose of the Nei Jing. In fact, the term "pulse deficiency and blood deficiency" comes from the "Nei Jing·Su Wen·Ci Zhi Chapter", which is specifically used for acupuncture and does not refer to the general rule of pulse deficiency.
Gai Xu pulse is formed on the basis of Qi and blood deficiency and partial blood deficiency, which is by no means a simple blood deficiency.
If this is the case, the yin and blood are deficient but the yang qi is not deficient. On the contrary, there is excess yang qi, and the excess qi is fire. Then yin deficiency and fire are strong. The pulse is thin or several large, and there should be no deficiency. It is a sign of weakness because the body shape of the weak pulse has four aspects: exaggeration, largeness, slowness and softness.
Only when the yin and blood are deficient, the blood does not hold the qi, and the qi loses control and is not restrained, the pulse shape will be frivolous and soft, suddenly feeling empty and empty; only when the yin and blood are extremely deficient and the yin qi will also weaken, then the pulse will be agitated. The strength of the pulse weakens, so the pulse is slow and weak.
Therefore, the main factor of deficiency of pulse is the deficiency of Yin blood, but it cannot be ignored that Yang Qi is also in decline at this time.
Li Dongyuan, Zhang Luyu, Chen Xiuyuan all regard the deficiency of the pulse as the cause of the weakness of the middle qi, and focus on the treatment of Qi deficiency, . Their opinions are only partial;
Zhang Zhongjing in "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber·Xu Lao Chapter" In the disease, the two main pulses of deficiency and large pulses are raised at the same time. The unexpected result is that in the disease of deficiency and fatigue, there are cases of Yin deficiency and fire exuberance, but the pulse shape is large; in cases of Yin-blood deficiency, Yang Qi is also deficient, and the pulse shape is weak, both Don't be partial to others.
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The body shape of the Lao pulse is similar to that of the real pulse. Only the tight pulse is both stringy and can be seen between sinking and falling. It is different from the solid pulse which is seen both ups and downs and is smooth, solid and powerful. Only when it is both a string and a string, the pulse has no tendency to rise or fall, which is a sign of cold and cold convergence; only when it is seen between sinking and sinking, it can be seen that the evil is lying in the yin part; only when it is firm and unbreakable, it is strong Those who accumulate hidden knots and have deep roots can be seen even more clearly.
The reason is that the Lao pulse is different from the real pulse. The real pulse is mainly caused by the accumulation of pathogenic heat, while the Lao pulse is mainly caused by the accumulation of cold and hard knots in deep places. This phenomenon is often seen in syndromes such as abdominal mass.
However, we must know that the real pulse is often seen in new diseases when the righteousness has not weakened and the evil and the good are fighting. Therefore, once it is captured, the disease will disappear. The impotent pulse usually occurs after a long illness, the healthy energy is insufficient, and the evil energy is deep-rooted and lingers for a long time. It is a manifestation of the true and false, attacking the deficiency will hinder the positive, and tonifying will hinder the evil, so it is difficult to catch it.
