After the evening, the war burned the night sky red, and soldiers were fighting from time to time in the explosion. Time has come to the 27th. The front line has gone from Chenwafang, Wushengtang to the current Huoshibu and Puwang. Under the tenacious attack of the 60th Army officers and soldiers, the Japanese army only advanced five or six thousand meters south for the entire six days.
The Yunnan Army soldiers who carried the legal system of Hatchcais M1930 anti-aircraft machine guns. The M1930 and M1914 heavy machine guns were the pillars of the Yunnan Army in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War
But on the night before, the Fifth War Zone Command issued a full-line counterattack order, which was still optimistic. This was obviously to copy the miracle of the Taierzhuang victory in half a month ago. But the situation at this time was completely opposite to that of half a month ago. The Japanese troops gradually gathered, while the national army was already exhausted from the veterans. Leaving the existing position and fighting the dominant enemy forces on the plains, the result of this counterattack can be imagined. In the subsequent counterattack of the Japanese army, although there were great achievements in the ambush in Dongzhuang on the west side of the front, the Puwang line on the east side was lost, and the enemy occupied Daizhuang and Hushan. The eastern half of the entire front suddenly collapsed. The defenders counterattacked many times, but they all failed. On the night when the artillery fire was red on the 27th, Dong Wenying (a native of Zhaotong, living in Fulu Street, Zhaotong), the commander of the 1078th Regiment of the 182nd Division, was killed in Hushan in a melee at the age of 36. A few hours later, the successor deputy commander Chen Haoru (from Xingyi, Guizhou, lives in No. 58 Tuodong Road, Kunming City) also died in a hand-to-hand battle.
After gaining a firm foothold, the Japanese army suddenly discovered that Taierzhuang was not the only way to cut off the railway line and cross the canal to directly reach Xuzhou . Yuwang Mountain, which was originally at the innermost side of the front line, is now completely exposed to its military front, can also achieve its goal. The defenders also realized this and quickly dispatched the 184th Division, which had the least losses, to garrison in Taierzhuang.
Yuwang Mountain is located more than ten miles southeast of Taierzhuang, on the north bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. There is a bridge behind the mountain to cross the canal. After crossing the river, it is Cheboshan Railway Station, and it is only a taxi of more than 100 yuan between you and Xuzhou. However, although this place is important, it is not dangerous.
Looking at Yuwang Mountain
On the morning of June 14, 2015, I went west to Daizhuang and walked towards Yuwang Mountain. When I saw this "mountain" from afar, I couldn't help but sigh. Although this hill, which is only 164 meters above sea level, stands out on the flat land of northern Jiangsu, it is better than nothing for a blocking battle.
At this time, the sun was rising like blood, and the two armies collided in the wheat fields at the foot of the mountain. This was a classical infantry melee without cover, position, and even without unified command. The soldiers on both sides deprived their opponents of their lives in the most primitive way. Bullets, grenades, bayonets, Burmese swords, , engineer shovels, and even fists and teeth are tools that can be used. In just one morning, blood was bleed in the wheat field, and the Japanese army was finally repelled.
was not in time for rest. The 184th Division returned to Yuwang Mountain and quickly used the 20,000 sacks allocated by the war zone to build fortifications on the east, south and west sides of Yuwang Mountain, which were not conducive to excavation, and barely set up three lines of defense.
martyrs who died in the battle of Yuwangshan
This unknown martyr from Zhaotong, originally from the 184th Division, died in the battle of Yuwangshan on the 27th. His sacrifice and burial place was Shantou Village. This village is located on the southwest side of Yuwang Mountain, which is behind the front line, and next to the village is the Canal Bridge. This may be a rear bandage site of the 184th Division. After being injured by a shell, the martyr died here and was buried on the spot.
Liu Jinfa, another soldier who was killed in Yuwangshan
This picture is a complete registration form for the dead soldiers. This is not my collection, it really exceeds the purchasing ability. This table was also filled out by the 184th Division on September 15, 1938. It shows that Martyr Liu Jinfa from Maitreya County was also killed in a head shot on April 27. He was 26 years old at the time.
html Starting from the 128th, the entire army will re-establish a defense line with Yuwang Mountain and Xihuangshi Mountain on the east side. The Yuwangshan blocking battle officially started.
html During the day of the 129th, the Japanese army concentrated its main force to attack, and the defenders launched a rare artillery battle with the Japanese army in the War of Resistance, and the enemy artillery group was greatly restrained. The Japanese tank also suffered heavy losses under the combat defense artillery direct aiming shooting on the newly arrived battlefield. The battle was pulled back to a relatively balanced level, with infantry on both sides fighting back and forth in various trenches, and the positions changed several times in one day, but the Japanese army ultimately failed to succeed.
Dian Army soldiers who built fortifications on Yuwang Mountain
htmlOn the 130th, the enemy captured the top of the mountain in a night attack. Our army failed to succeed in several counterattacks. The two sides formed a confrontation on both sides of the ridgeline of the mountain, and fierce battles were still everywhere east of Yuwang Mountain. Until May 3, the Japanese army stopped trying to break through the defense line of Yuwang Mountain without making major progress in the past half month. Their main forces were mobilized to the east and west sides, and planned to make a major detour to Xuzhou from , western Shandong and northern Jiangsu and Anhui. With the number of enemies in front of him reduced to less than 10,000, the Yuwangshan front was stabilized. On May 4, in order to remove the Japanese army's forward stronghold, the 60th Army and Tang Enbo's unit on the west wing agreed to counterattack Daizhuang and Hushan lines. After the attack was launched, the Japanese army was able to concentrate its forces to counterattack, and the already broken 182nd Division suffered significant losses in the early battles.
html After May 1st, although the battle on Yuwang Mountain has stabilized, it does not mean that the battle becomes easier. Especially before the main Japanese army retreated, the offensive was particularly fierce, probably for the sake of making a last attempt. For example, according to the recollection of Li Zuo, the company commander of the 3rd Company of the 3rd Battalion of the 1083rd Regiment of the 184th Division who was guarding the top of the mountain at that time (this is also an elder I am familiar with), on the morning of May 7, the Japanese army concentrated on bombing the top of the mountain with a large amount of artillery fire, and all the bunkers on the edges were destroyed, and soldiers were seriously injured and injured. Survivors could even use their comrade's corpse as bunker to shoot at the attacking enemy. In one day, fighting, rest and eating were completed in the pile of corpses. During the entire battle, the altitude of Yuwang Mountain was cut by two meters by artillery fire. Decades later, when I visited Yuwang Mountain, the fine gravel on the top of the mountain was still vivid in my mind.
Yuwang Mountainside, the stone used as a bunker
From mid-May, the Japanese army's large siege of Xuzhou had been formed, and the 600,000 national troops within the encirclement were facing a catastrophe. Before the Japanese encirclement was completely closed, all the national troops were ordered to break through the west and south. The 60th Army's blockade on Yuwang Mountain made the Japanese army in the north unable to encircle for a long time, and to a certain extent, it played a role in covering the large army's breakthrough. On May 14, the 60th Army received an order from the Chief of the Fifth War Zone that the camera could retreat after completing the cover mission. On the 18th, the entire army retreated to the south of the canal and to Xuzhou on the 19th. It was the latest force to retreat in the entire war zone.
After more than ten days of breakthrough, on June 1, the entire army arrived in Luohe, Henan, ending the tragic battle process in the battle of Xuzhou .
From April 22 to May 18, the 60th Army fought hard with the Japanese army east of Taierzhuang for 27 days. Its participants had 35,123 people and casualties reached 18,844 people.Among the officers above the regiment, one brigade commander was killed in battle and one seriously injured. Four people were killed in battle and three seriously injured. The 12 regiments before the war can only be reduced to 5 regiments in the end.
The picture below is a bird's eye view of Yuwang Mountain. In the picture, you can see Shantou Village on the left. The Yuwang Mountain Blocking Battle Memorial Hall has been built at the top of the mountain.
As for the casualties of the Japanese army in this battle, some people believe that there have been only three brigades of about three or four thousand Japanese troops in front of the 60th Army, with less than 1,000 casualties. The exchange ratio with the Yunnan Army was about 19:1, which is almost the exchange ratio between the Boxer and the Eight-Nation Alliance during the battle. In fact, on May 13, the late battle, after the main Japanese forces withdrew, there were indeed only three brigades of Japanese troops opposite Yuwang Mountain. However, the Japanese army had invested at most three divisions of the 5th, 10th and 105th, as well as part of the 4th, 16th and 114th divisions in the entire southern Shandong battlefield, with a total force of about 120,000. As can be seen from the figure below, the battlefield in southern Shandong can be roughly divided into three parts: Taierzhuang, Lianfangshan and Zhanzhuang. Even if you don’t look at the history of the war, just look at the number of hollow arrows representing the Japanese army, you can know that Taierzhuang, on the west side of the front, is the main attack direction of the Japanese army. Even if only half of the troops were used to attack the main attack, the number of Japanese troops in Taierzhuang's 60th Army was 60,000, which was twice the number of troops participating in the 60th Army. Less than 1,000 casualties caused the main force of the 60,000 Japanese army to be blocked on the front less than 20 kilometers east of Taierzhuang for nearly a month. This was an insult to the Yunnan army and the Japanese army at the same time...
There are also fanatical fans of the Yunnan army to verify that the 60th Army annihilated 18,000 Japanese troops in the entire operation, with an exchange ratio of about 1:1. This is a bit overcorrect, and he has taken all the number of enemies annihilated on the entire battlefield in southern Shandong for himself. My personal guess is that in this battle with the 60th Army, the casualties should be between 5,000 and 8,000, with a exchange ratio of about 2:1. In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the main force of the elite Japanese A Division made such an exchange ratio, which was already a miracle among the Chinese army at that time.
It is also because of this. On April 27, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the entire army to commend the entire army. The telegram said, "Captain Lu of Taierzhuang, your army fought bravely and comforted the enemy's hardships, and investigated the enemy's sufferings and difficulties, which is even worse than me. I hope to inspire my troops to continue to work hard to overwhelm the Japanese pirates to show their national prestige."
Commander of the Lunan Legion Sun Lianzhong sent a telegram on April 29: "When the army was concentrating near Taierzhuang, it hurriedly encountered the enemy's main force in the Great Plain, and with flesh and blood, he worked hard with the enemy's mechanized troops on 29: "When the army was concentrating near Taierzhuang, it hurriedly encountered the enemy's main force in the Great Plain, and with flesh and blood, he worked hard with the enemy's mechanized troops with hard work. The battle was fought one after another, and the battle was fierce for eight days and nights. At first, I was not discouraged by the heavy casualties. Not only did I make Taierzhuang as solid as a rock, but I also made the overall situation of the War of Resistance Against Japan safe. Loyalty and courage are role models! "
I am a model of treasure! "
I am hiding the badge of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938)
I stood for a long time, looking at Qinggang Mountain, as well as several small hills connected by Scorpion Mountain and Xiaofeng Mountain. As mentioned above, on April 27, 1938, when the Japanese army occupied Daizhuang and Hushan, the defenders fought with the Japanese army overnight in these hills in order to regain their positions; on May 4, when the 182nd Division counterattacked this place again, they suffered heavy losses due to the failure of friendly forces. After several major wars, there were many corpses of children in central Yunnan on several small hills of that year.
According to local chronicles, in 1995, in order to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the local government conducted some investigations and interviews at the battlefield location that year. Yang Jingchang, Zhang Fengpo, Tan Wanzong and several other people in their 80s at the time, once witnessed the scene of the battle scene after the Qinggangshan war. They recalled that on the hillside of Scorpion Mountain about 1,000 square meters after the war, the wooden handles and bullet cover of the grenades covered a thick layer of the ground, and most of the Chinese army sacrificed only wore underwear (this was obviously dressed as an suicide squad). Elder Yang Jing found that the deceased was still holding the bayonet with a rifle tightly in both hands, and there was still blood on the bayonet. He took out a note from his pocket, which read: "Born in Yunnan, died in Shandong."" When Yang Jingchang returned, he met Tan Zhonghe. The two of them counted the Chinese corpses, from the mountain pass to the willow tree. There were more than 4,100 corpses in the ditch of more than 1,000 meters.
And on the hillside of Qinggang Mountain in front of me, there were also lying on the hillside of the Yunnan Army soldiers who were all facing the top of the mountain. From the top of the mountain to the edge of the national highway where I stood when I took photos, there were no less than a thousand bodies in the Yunnan Army. After the war, the villagers who returned to their hometown were unable to bury such a large number of bodies one by one, and could only be buried in piles on the hillside and in the pond. In summer, heavy rain often exposed the bones; in the low-lying places, the white bones accumulated by the flood were thrilling.
On the afternoon of the same day, on the northern foot of Yuwang Mountain, facing the Taotao Canal, looking at Chenwafang, Wushengtang, Puwang, Huoshibu... I burned incense and worshiped, and drank wine to mourn, and sent a little late offering to my neighbors. 78 years later, the "60th Army Song" was sung again on Yuwang Mountain:
We are from the great place of the Yunnan Uprising,
walked through the mountains and ridges,
opened to the battlefield of anti-Japanese war,
brothers fought for the liberation of the nation with their flesh and blood,
Carry forward the glory of our country and protecting the country,
Can't let the enemy rush around our territory,
Can't let enemy planes fly in our airspace.
Yunnan is the hometown of the Sixty Army,
We are the armed forces defending China.
Yunnan is the hometown of the Sixty Army,
We are the armed forces defending China.
postscript
In addition, the Yunnan army in the War of Resistance Against Japan was not only one of the 60th Army. It was equipped with the 60th Army, but the 58th Army (the commander Sun Du , succeeded Lu Daoyuan ), which was organized into an army in October 1938 and went out of the Yunnan War of Resistance.
This army cooperated with the 60th Army and participated in the Battle of Wuhan (1938) and the Battle of Nanchang (1939). After the 60th Army returned to Yunnan, the 58th Army continued to fight in the Hunan-Jiangxi area, participating in the second and third Changsha Battle , Changheng Battle , etc. Among them, during the Second Changsha Battle in 1942, the army defeated the enemy in the suburbs of Changsha, and wiped out more than a thousand enemies. It was a legend for a while, and even made a movie for this. In November 1943, the 58th Army recovered Changde , which was one of the few cases of restoring big cities in the War of Resistance. What is less well known is that at the end of 1944, a Japanese strengthening wing of about 5,000 people went south from the west bank of Ganjiang River to attack the Allied airport of Suichuan . The 58th Army was in Jinggangshan 's 's 's Jinggangshan 's 's html. l1 Huangyangjie , Ciping and other famous red tourist attractions near , layer by layer, almost annihilated the Japanese army.
In August 11945, the 58th Army was designated as the representative of surrender, responsible for the surrender of the Japanese army from Central China region to Jiujiang . On September 14, the Japanese army in Central China surrendered to Commander Lu Daoyuan in Nanchang . The 58th Army is said to be one of the few troops in the War of Resistance against Japan that had more than their own number of enemies, and its combat effectiveness is strong.
and another one. The New Third Army, which was organized later, was formed on the basis of the 184th Division of the 60th Army and the 12th Division of the 58th Army. It participated in the 1939 winter offensive operations and the second, third Changsha battles, Zhejiang-Jiangxi battles, western Hubei-Western Battles, and Changde battles, etc. The army has been fighting for a long time in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and Gao'an , and there are still cemeteries in its area. After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the army was withdrawn.
Laohushan, Gao'an, Jiangxi, the tomb of the martyrs who died in the Gaofeng Battle of the Army's new 12th Division was buried, with 673 martyrs buried.The 12th Division is the main force of the New Third Army.
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 It was the army that entered Guangdong from Yunnan during the Guangzhou Revolutionary Government to assist Sun Yat-sen in establishing a regime, the commander of the army Zhu Peide. The army once participated in the Northern Expedition . Although it was later classified as the Central Military System, it was also conventionally considered to be part of the Yunnan Army. After the war of resistance began, the unit had been fighting in North China, defeating the Japanese army more than ten times, and was well-known. During the Zhongtiaoshan Battle in 1941, General Commander Tang Huaiyuan (from Jiangchuan, Yuxi), was trapped in a heavy siege, and had run out of ammunition and food. He raised his gun to commit suicide in order to be a prisoner, and died heroically for his country. The next day, the acting commander and commander of the 12th Division (2 people in Tengchong) drew his sword and committed suicide to avoid dragging down the team. In 1942, a year later, western Yunnan fell, and the Japanese invaders occupied Tengchong. The father of Cun Dajin, who was 88 years old, was in a state of grief and anger. So he sat under a thousand-year-old fir tree broken by lightning, and went on a hunger strike for seven days to commit suicide...... After the war, the army was rebuilt and gradually grew into a main force. In 1947, the Third Army was completely wiped out in Qingfengdian Battle .
The history of the Yunnan Army’s War of Resistance will be briefly introduced here. To be fair, the Yunnan Army is not the most capable force in the national army, but this army consists of many Yi, Bai, and Naxi soldiers who may not be able to explain clearly in Chinese. This army, known by the Japanese army as the "Monkey Army", "Barcine Army" and "Iron Army", has indeed left a unique and glorious mark in the history of the War of Resistance.
Dian Army soldier holding legal Lebel 1816 rifle
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