On February 16, 1951, Peng Dehuai sent an urgent telegram to Chairman Mao in a very anxious mood, saying: "I plan to take this interval and use the moonlit night to return to the central government in accordance with the previous telegram, and make a face-to-face report. If I agree, I plan to arrive on the morning of the 21st. Dong. In order to buy time, please prepare a special plane for General Nie to wait for me in Anton, so that I can arrive in Beijing on the same day, how can I hope for a reply." Chairman Mao replied on the 17th and agreed to Peng Dehuai's return to Beijing for an interview.
18, Peng Dehuai rushed to the vicinity of Pyongyang to meet with Prime Minister Kim Il-sung, explaining that he was going back to Beijing to study the difficult problems of the Sino-Korean coalition forces as soon as possible, and jointly discussed the current defense operation plan and the issue of strengthening coastal fortifications. At the same time, it was agreed that during this period Deng Hua, deputy commander of the Volunteer Army, presided over the work.
On the evening of February 20, Peng Dehuai took his staff and guards in a jeep, risked bombing by enemy planes, and drove north all night along the cratered road, arriving in Anton on the morning of the 21st. At this time, the special plane sent by Acting President Nie Rongzhen was already waiting at Anton Airport. After breakfast, he flew directly to Shenyang by special plane. At 11:00 am, the plane landed at Shenyang Airport to refuel. He Jinnian, deputy commander of the Northeast Military Region, and Guo Ruile, director of the office, were greeted at the airport. Guo Ruile wrote in his memoirs in 1984: "I remember that in February 1951, Mr. Peng returned from North Korea for the first time, and the weather was still very cold. He took a plane from Anton and landed at Shenyang Airport. After getting off the plane, we saw Mr. Peng very He was tired and asked him to go to the lounge to eat and rest. But he said: 'I don't rest, you don't mind me!' We watched his impatience and refused to enter the lounge, neither eating nor drinking I felt very uncomfortable. He stood beside the plane and flew to Beijing as soon as the plane finished refueling."
At around 1 pm on February 21, Peng Dehuai's special plane landed at Beijing Airport. He immediately drove to Zhongnanhai .Nie Rongzhen, the chief of the general staff of this era, told Peng Dehuai: "The chairman is not in Zhongnanhai, but recently was in Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs." After a brief conversation between the two, Peng Dehuai hurriedly came to Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain. At this time, Chairman Mao was taking a nap, and the secretary and guards discouraged him from going to lunch first and waiting for the chairman to wake up before the interview. Peng Dehuai rolled his eyes and shouted, "I have an urgent matter to report to Chairman Mao!" Ignoring the obstruction of the secretary and the guards, he pushed in the door and immediately woke Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao had received a telegram from Peng Dehuai back to Beijing in advance. At this time, he was very happy to see Mr. Peng, the commander-in-chief of the Sino-Korean coalition forces who pushed the American soldiers back to the "37th line". He has worked with Peng Dehuai for more than 20 years, and he has a good understanding of the character of this upright and outspoken "General Peng". Chairman Mao got up immediately, and while getting dressed, he said jokingly: "Only you, Mr. Peng, will barge in to give advice when people are sleeping." He said solemnly, "Boss Peng, you still have an old temper. Why are you so anxious! You must eat first. If you don't eat, I won't listen to the report." Peng Dehuai had to go to the cafeteria to eat some food before returning to Mao In the chairman's bedroom, he began to report on the characteristics of the enemy's offensive in the Korean battlefield and the practical difficulties that the volunteers urgently need to solve. Peng Dehuai used many vivid facts to show that the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea cannot be won quickly. He said: "Our army is now going abroad to fight, and the most prominent difference between it and domestic warfare is:
(1) Our army's personnel cannot be recruited from the enemy, and the captured foreign prisoners cannot be taken at all. Replenishing the Volunteer Army cannot mobilize North Korean youth to join the Chinese Volunteer Army.Now that the casualties of the volunteers are very high, and they cannot be replenished in time, their combat effectiveness has become weaker and weaker.
(2) Our army relies on domestic transportation for the supply of weapons, ammunition, clothing, and food. However, due to day and night bombardment by enemy planes, roads and vehicles are severely damaged and cannot be replenished in time. Even if the enemy's tank car cannon and other equipment were captured, almost all of them were blown up by enemy planes due to lack of technical personnel and no place to hide.
(3) The towns, villages, roads, and bridges in northern North Korea have been bombed by U.S. planes. Therefore, the supplies, equipment and daily necessities required by the Volunteer Army are all supplied domestically. After the troops crossed the '38th parallel', it was the freezing and snowy season, and North Korea faced the sea to the east and west, and the cold wind hit people, especially the eastern front battlefield was colder. After continuous fighting, most of the soldiers' cotton-padded clothes were tattered, and some soldiers didn't even have shoes and socks. In addition to combat casualties and freezing to death, some soldiers were unable to participate in combat due to illness and frostbite.
(4) Due to the bombardment of enemy planes, road damage and material destruction, hundreds of thousands of volunteers could not get sufficient food supply, let alone vegetable supply. The majority of commanders and fighters rely on a handful of fried noodles and a handful of snow to persist in fighting, resulting in malnutrition and a decline in physical strength, resulting in many soldiers suffering from night blindness, which seriously affected combat operations. "
The more he talked, the more excited Peng Dehuai became. He paused for a while and continued: "However, after the Volunteer Army won the first, second, and third battles, the Soviet ambassador to North Korea believed that as long as the Volunteer Army continued to pursue southward, the US military would withdraw from the Korean Peninsula. North Korea also thinks so.They ignored the fact that the Volunteer Army was already in a very difficult situation, and advocated that the Volunteer Army should not rest and recuperate, but should continue to pursue southward until they occupied all the territory of South Korea. This kind of request disregards the objective actual situation of the enemy and us. I firmly disagree and agree with them. A heated debate has occurred and the Central Committee has been telegraphed. This is an issue related to the safety of hundreds of thousands of volunteers, and it is also an issue related to whether can win the Korean War. Because the Volunteer Army has no rest and replenishment, it is already in extremely difficult circumstances, how can it continue to advance south? What force can drive the US military out of the Korean peninsula? Now there are more than 1,000 U.S. aircraft in North Korea, and the tanks and artillery of the 'United Nations Army' are violently attacking the positions of the Chinese and North Korean troops. The Chinese and North Korean troops fought against the enemy's offensive in the snow. The sky was the US plane, and the ground was the US tank and artillery. They had to fight and retreat. If our army does not mobilize the air force, increase the powerful anti-aircraft artillery, and cannot guarantee the rear supply line, it will be difficult to persist in this war. "
Chairman Mao nodded repeatedly while smoking a cigarette. He pondered for a while and said, "The Central Committee is also very concerned about the difficult situation of the Volunteer Army on the front line of North Korea, and is trying to solve it. It seems that the key issue is how to protect the soldiers, weapons, ammunition, clothing and clothing." , food and other necessary supply issues. I have already told Comrade Zhou Enlai that the heads of relevant departments should be convened as soon as possible to resolve the matter as soon as possible. "Then Chairman Mao said: "According to the current situation, if the Korean War can be won quickly, it will be won quickly, and if it cannot be won quickly, it will be won slowly. "
After Peng Dehuai was dismissed from office in September 1958, when he recalled the talk, he wrote: "This time, the chairman gave a clear policy instruction to the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea: 'If you can win quickly, you will win quickly, if you cannot win quickly, you will win slowly'. This has a flexible and clear policy."After Chairman Mao gave clear instructions, Peng Dehuai was immediately relieved, which greatly relieved his ideological pressure.
However, since Peng Dehuai died unfortunately in North Korea with Mao Anying, he has always hidden grief in his heart, and he has become a He had one thing on his mind. On the afternoon of November 25 last year when Mao Anying died, the Volunteer Army Command immediately telegraphed the unfortunate incident to the Central Military Commission. Zhou Enlai considered that Chairman Mao was engaged in busy work at home and abroad and was suffering from a cold, so he decided not to temporarily He told him the news of Mao Anying's sacrifice, and he did not notify Mao Anying's lover. Peng Dehuai later heard that he had not reported the matter to Chairman Mao for a long time, and once said: "Mao Anying's sacrifice cannot be hidden from his old man for a long time. Sooner or later, he will know. "It was not until January 2, 1951 that Zhou Enlai sent the telegram of Mao Anying's sacrifice to Chairman Mao for reading. Peng Dehuai believed that Chairman Mao was a great revolutionary leader, and he would understand this unfortunate event.
Now, Peng Dehuai is with Mao At the end of the discussion, the chairman reported Mao Anying's sacrifice and handling with a heavy heart. Although Chairman Mao looked sad, he tried his best to suppress the pain in his heart. He didn't shed a single tear. He just didn't speak for a long time and smoked cigarettes one by one. , and sometimes closed his eyes. Peng Dehuai said with self-reproach: "Chairman, after you asked Anying to follow me to the front line in North Korea, he worked very actively and had a good relationship with the comrades around him. But I was busy commanding the war all day, and I didn’t pay attention to the instructions from you and Enlai to urge the Volunteer Army Headquarters to pay attention to air defense. This made Anying and Staff Officer Gao unfortunately sacrificed. My comrades and I are still very sad."
Chairman Mao raised his head slowly, and said in a sad and gentle tone: "War always kills people!" In order to resist US aggression and aid Korea, the commanders and fighters of the Chinese People's Volunteers have sacrificed so many lives. They sacrificed for the cause of internationalism, and their sacrifices are glorious. Anying is also an ordinary soldier. Don't treat it as a major event just because my son died. However, you Zhisi have taken air defense measures seriously, you should pay attention to them in the future, and you must not be careless. At present, the United States uses more than 1,000 aircraft of various types on the Korean battlefield, so I called you several times last year to ask you to go to Italy for air defense and ensure the safety of the headquarters. At present, the Chinese Air Force has just been formed, and it is not yet able to enter the Korean territory to fight, and there are few anti-aircraft firearms. In the future, special attention should be paid to preventing sneak attacks by enemy planes to ensure the safety of your headquarters. Regarding the issue of dispatching the air force to cover the rear supply line, we are currently negotiating with the Soviet Union. Comrade Enlai will convene relevant personnel to study and resolve other specific issues. "
On the day Peng Dehuai arrived in Beijing, Acting Director Nie Rongzhen considered that when Peng Dehuai led the volunteer army secretly into the DPRK last October, because the central government stipulated strict confidentiality when sending troops, even his wife Pu Anxiu did not know where he went. Now Peng Dehuai Taking a short time to return to Beijing from the front line of North Korea to report the situation in the Korean battlefield to Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission is a good opportunity for their husband and wife to reunite. So Nie Rongzhen carried Peng Dehuai on his back and asked Secretary Liu in his office to give him a report in the name of the General Office of the Military Commission. The Northwest Bureau of the Communist Party of China called and asked the Northwest Bureau to tell Comrade Pu Anxiu that he will be waiting for the plane in Xi'an tomorrow, and that he has urgent matters to come to Beijing to discuss. Japan) sent a special plane to Xi'an to pick up Pu Anxiu to Beijing. Pu Anxiu was not in Xi'an at the time.She led several cadres of the Northwest Bureau to participate in and investigate the democratic reform work of a large textile factory in Xianyang, north of Xi'an. Nie Rongzhen's meticulous consideration and arrangement reflects the special care of the Central Military Commission for Peng Dehuai, who was commanding operations on the Korean battlefield.
On February 22, Peng Dehuai went around looking for solutions to the difficulties of the leaders of various units supporting North Korea, and had a busy day. In the evening, after returning to the dormitory of Dongba in Zhongnanhai, which was temporarily arranged for him, he suddenly saw his wife Pu Anxiu, who lived and died together in the war, and asked in surprise, "Hey! Why are you coming to Beijing?" Pu Anxiu said: " Yesterday, the Northwest Bureau informed me that they were looking for me and asked me to return to Xi'an immediately. When I asked what was going on, they replied that they didn't know the specifics. They told me today that they asked me to take a plane from Beijing to Beijing. I guess it might be possible You have returned to Beijing." Peng Dehuai smiled and said, "This is probably specially arranged by Mr. Nie to let you come to Beijing. If other cadres come back, they will not necessarily take care of this."
On February 24, according to Acting Director Nie Rongzhen and the Soviet embassy arranged for Peng Dehuai to go to Nie Rongzhen's office in Zhongnanhai to have a meeting with General Shakhanov, the Soviet military general counselor in China. Peng Dehuai introduced to Shakhanov that the Volunteer Army did not have an air force and enough anti-aircraft artillery to deal with the destruction of American aircraft bombing, which seriously affected its combat operations. Not only could it not destroy more enemies, but it increased its own casualties. Grain and ammunition materials were severely damaged by enemy planes, and roads were bombed as they were repaired, causing serious difficulties in the supply of materials to the rear.If the air defense is not solved as soon as possible, the casualties will inevitably increase, and the war will inevitably be prolonged. I hope that the Soviet Union will send two air divisions , stationed at the base on the north bank of the Yalu River, to cover the rear supply and transportation line of the volunteer army north of the "38th line". Shahano immediately said that according to the current international situation, the Soviet Air Force should not intervene in the Korean War, and could consider supplying another batch of anti-aircraft artillery to the Volunteer Army, but the matter must be resolved by consulting Moscow . Peng Dehuai believes that the main difficulty of the Volunteer Army is that the weapons and equipment are outdated, there is no air force cover, and the rear material supply line is not guaranteed at all, resulting in a large number of troops attrition. The Soviet Union is a military power in the socialist camp. It has a strong air force, and most pilots have actual combat experience. It should carry forward the spirit of internationalism and actively support the volunteers to fight against the "United Nations Army" with absolute superiority in weapons and equipment, so as to reduce casualties and enhance combat. strength. But Shakhanov's attitude disappointed Peng Dehuai. The talks did not yield practical results. Peng Dehuai was very dissatisfied in his heart, holding his stomach full of anger, without saying a word, he stood up and returned disappointed.
On February 25, according to the prior consultations between Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai, Zhou Enlai, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, presided over an enlarged meeting of the Military Commission in the conference room of the General Staff Department of Huairentang, Zhongnanhai, mainly to discuss how to support the Chinese Volunteers in fighting in Korea. The leaders of the headquarters of the Central Military Commission, the various services and arms and the relevant departments of the State Council attended the meeting. The center of the meeting is to solve the problems of the Volunteer Army's air defense, weaponry, personnel replenishment, material supply and rotation of domestic troops into North Korea as soon as possible.
Zhou Enlai first asked Peng Dehuai to introduce the current situation and difficulties faced by the Volunteer Army in North Korea. Peng Dehuai said: "The Volunteer Army is fighting a fierce enemy attack in North Korea. You may not know much about the current situation of the Volunteer Army.The country only knows the side of winning three times, but not the side of serious difficulties. The first batch of 9 armies to fight in the DPRK, after more than 3 months of fighting, have suffered more than 45,000 casualties, and about 40,000 others have fallen ill, suffered frostbite, died of frostbite, and fled. The reasons are: first, the enemy's weapons and equipment have an absolute advantage, with a large number of aircraft, tanks and artillery participating in the battle, while our army's weapons are quite backward, there are no aircraft, no tanks and artillery, only infantry light weapons.
Second, due to the heavy bombardment of the rear of our army by enemy planes, roads and bridges were blown up, our army rushed to repair at night, and enemy planes bombed during the day, the rear transportation line was not guaranteed at all, and all supplies of food, ammunition, clothing, oil and salt were severely affected. Great influence, in North Korea it is impossible to get food on the spot, there are basically no vegetables, the company is out of cooking, and it is not an isolated phenomenon for soldiers to suffer from night blindness.
Third, now the enemy is continuing to attack north. Because the third campaign went too far south, the supplies of various materials were not guaranteed under the bombardment of enemy planes, causing many soldiers to fall ill with frostbite, tattered clothes, lack of ammunition, and were passively beaten, so they had to retreat. The current difficulty is the repeated destruction of the rear supply line, the shortage of troops and the lack of ammunition. Hundreds of thousands of volunteers could not get enough food and fried noodles, let alone fresh vegetables. The front-line troops could only fight with a handful of fried noodles and a handful of snow. The soldiers were malnourished, their faces were yellow and their muscles were thin. Many soldiers suffered from night blindness, which seriously affected their combat operations. The key problem now is that the Volunteers have neither air force cover support nor enough anti-aircraft artillery. If they do not quickly solve the defense measures against the enemy's air force, they will suffer greater losses and will not be able to persist in this war."
During the discussion at the meeting, General Logistics Minister Yang Lisan, Air Force Commander Liu Yalou, and Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Finance, Rong Zihe, and others all expressed the need to actively find ways to support the frontline, but when it came to the implementation of specific issues, they also emphasized The founding anniversary of the People's Republic of China has just been established, the domestic institutions have just been established, the work has not yet been on track, and the system is not yet sound, so some problems are still difficult to solve for the time being. All domestic units can provide strong support to solve the serious difficulties of the Volunteers on the front line of North Korea. Unexpectedly, at the meeting, some leaders did not actively find ways to overcome difficulties, but only emphasized the difficult side. The more he listened, the more angry he became. The angrier he became, he suddenly got angry, stood up suddenly, slapped the table, and shouted angrily: "This is also difficult, that is also difficult, what are you doing all day? I think you know patriotism! Are the hundreds of thousands of volunteer soldiers all pigs? Don't they know patriotism? You go to the front line of North Korea to see what the soldiers live, eat and wear! Under the bombardment of enemy planes, tanks, and cannons, these lovely soldiers lie in the snow and suffer from hunger and cold, resisting the fierce attack of the enemy. Aren't they trying to defend their homeland and the country? Due to the destruction of the war throughout North Korea, supplies and food could not be solved on the spot. The shortage of food, vegetables, and clothing in the front-line companies was quite common, and the degree of hardship was even higher than that of the Red Army's Long March. After months of hard fighting, so many soldiers were killed and wounded, for whom did they die and for whom did they bleed? Those who died in battle, those who were wounded, those who died of starvation, and those who died of freezing, these were all young children! Shouldn't emergency measures be taken at home? "
Peng Dehuai's anger slammed into the entire venue and shook every participant. Everyone was silent for a while, and the atmosphere in the venue immediately became tense.Zhou Enlai, who presided over the meeting, understood Peng Dehuai's anxiety and his straightforward, outspoken personality. He immediately explained: "We mainly rely on the Soviet Union for weapons and equipment. , it will take a certain amount of time. Zhizi dry food fried noodles will be arranged in several big cities in China to speed up the production of the volunteers and send them to the front line. Other required military supplies, all domestically available, must overcome all difficulties and be transported to the front line quickly. Leaders of all units must Do it yourself and actively support the front line." Afterwards, Premier Zhou Enlai also personally made fried noodles for the volunteers. At this meeting, the substantive issues were not resolved on the spot and broke up unhappily.
After the meeting, Peng Dehuai returned to the temporary dormitory in Zhongnanhai. His wife Pu Anxiu saw his thin face full of anger and hurriedly said, "What happened to you today? What happened? Why are you so unhappy?" Peng Dehuai did not give any explanation. , showing an unbearable expression, paused for a while before saying, "Today I scolded them once, mother." Pu Anxiu persuaded: "You can't change your strange temper. Speak slowly!" Peng Dehuai complained: "The front-line soldiers are so hard, and Beijing is still dancing everywhere. The Korean battlefield is now icy and snowy, the weather is so cold, and many soldiers rely on fried noodles and snow water, with the United States on their heads. The plane, facing the tanks and artillery of the U.S. military, was even more difficult than the Red Army's Long March. Although the Red Army's Long March was very difficult, no matter where it went, there was always food and vegetables to eat. Now North Korea's food and vegetables are all No, everything was shipped domestically. The soldiers wore tattered clothes and shoes, crawling around in the snow to fight motorized enemies.Of course my lord can't starve or freeze, but what about those young warriors? Fighting under such arduous and difficult conditions, I, the commander, can't keep his eyes open and say nothing! That's why I decided to go back to Beijing immediately to ask the central government for help. "
On February 26th, Peng Dehuai and Zhou Enlai went to Chairman Mao's office together to discuss how to take measures to solve the difficulties of the Volunteers. They immediately decided to send a telegram to Stalin in Moscow, asking the Soviet Union to send two more air force divisions to cover the "38th parallel". At the same time, it also requested the Soviet Union to provide another batch of anti-aircraft artillery and transport vehicles to ensure the rear transportation capacity of the Volunteer Army. Regarding the replenishment of soldiers, it was arranged to mobilize urban and rural youths nationwide to join the army to "resist America, aid North Korea and defend the country". At the same time, it was decided to domestically The troops will take turns to fight in the DPRK, so that one can replace the first-line troops to rest and recuperate, and the other can train domestic troops and gain experience in direct combat with the US military, so as to improve the modern combat capability of the entire army. After short-term training, he was transferred to the north bank of the Yalu River and the north of North Korea to serve as a cover mission. At the same time, it was agreed to purchase 60 divisions of weapons and equipment from the Soviet Union, and to refit the troops in stages. All kinds of domestic materials were dispatched to vigorously support the front line. Carrying out the campaign to increase production and save money and donate money to buy aircraft and cannons. These measures have played a huge role in improving the difficulties of the volunteers and enhancing their combat effectiveness.
During Peng Dehuai's stay in Beijing, in order to implement various safeguard measures as soon as possible, he ran around for days and days, and he was very busy. His body was even more tired and thin. Chairman Mao saw his thin face and persuaded him to say: "You are too tired these days. Since the front line has entrusted Comrade Deng Hua to take charge of the command, you can rest in Beijing for a few days before returning. Peng Dehuai Xie said: "The front line is tense now, and the enemy is concentrating its forces to attack Seoul. I can't stay in Beijing, and I want to go back to North Korea immediately.We hope that Comrade Enlai will speed up the implementation of several major measures that we have studied. "
After a busy week in Beijing, Peng Dehuai left Beijing by special plane on March 1. After arriving in Shenyang, he talked with several major leaders of the Northeast Military Region about the logistics supply of the Volunteer Army, the arrangement of the wounded and the hospital. 3 After arriving in Anton on March 3, I talked with the staff of the volunteer army's left-behind department about material transfer, treatment of the wounded and sick, etc. I left Anton on March 5 and returned to North Korea by car, and arrived at the Shangganling Volunteer Army Headquarters on the morning of March 9.
Peng Dehuai flew back to Beijing with a very anxious mood. After reporting the actual difficulties of the Volunteer Army to Chairman Mao of the Party Central Committee, Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission paid great attention to him. Shortly after Peng Dehuai left Beijing on March 1, Chairman Mao gave Stalin in Moscow sent electricity and asked the Soviet Union to send the air force and anti-aircraft artillery units to serve as the rear supply line to cover the volunteers. Then on March 3, Zhou Enlai sent a telegram to Peng Dehuai and the commander of the Northeast Military Region Gao Gang, saying: "No. The three corps of the 19th Corps can reach the Shunan, Chengchuan, and Shuncheon areas of North Korea in early March, and Peng Dehuai will issue an operational order to the corps. The three corps of the 3rd Corps decided to set off from China on March 11, and after crossing the Yalu River, drove along the route of the 19th Corps to transport the front line. It is planned to supplement 50,000 recruits and 7,000 veterans from the armies on the western front to transport North Korea by car at the same time. The Air Force Command will immediately send personnel to North Korea to assist in the repair of the four airports in Pingwei, Jiangdong, Xinmu and Pingkang. The artillery can dispatch one antiaircraft artillery division, one anti-aircraft artillery division and three rocket artillery regiments in late March, and two more howitzer regiments in April. The 17,000 cars and tractors originally ordered from the Soviet Union have reached 9,000, which are planned to be distributed to the Zhi Division, the Northeast Military Region, the Air Division, the Marine Division, the Artillery Division, the Equipment Division, the Engineering Division, the Communication Division, and the Sanitation Division.The hospital has set up 100,000 beds in the logistics and military stations of the Northeast Military Region, and is ready to receive 80,000 wounded and sick. For the second troops that are about to enter the DPRK, each army plans to make up 45,000 to 50,000 people. "
At the same time, according to the plan studied by Peng Dehuai, Chairman Mao called the major military regions of the Central Bureau, and proposed that "to supplement the Volunteer Army, a special method should be adopted, that is, all the troops in the country should be fully organized, Take turns to go abroad to fight the policy. The telegram also pointed out: "It can be seen from the current campaign in the Korean War that the enemy will not withdraw from North Korea unless most of them are eliminated, but it will take time to eliminate most of the enemy, so the Korean War has a long-term effect. Possibly, at least I should prepare for two years. At present, the enemy's combat intention is to carry out a war of attrition with our army. At the same time, the enemy's harassment of the coast and the continuous bombardment of our transportation lines are very positive. Only 60% of the supplies replenished by our army can reach the front line, and 40% are destroyed on the way. At present, because our army has not yet arrived for new recruits and has not replenished veterans, it is possible for the enemy to re-attack to the '38th parallel'. In order to smash the enemy's attempts and insist on a long-term war of resistance, the Chinese Volunteer Army has decided to organize three rotations of combat troops to enter the DPRK. In short, our army must prepare for long-term combat. "
After Chairman Mao sent a telegram to Stalin in Moscow on March 1 asking the Soviet Union to dispatch the air force and anti-aircraft artillery, Stalin replied to Chairman Mao on March 3, saying: Comrade Chairman Mao, your call of March 1 has been received. We agree with your future operational policy in Korea... We agree to send two air divisions, the 151st Division and the 3rd Lan4th Division, under the command of General Belov, into Korea to fight in order to cover the The rear transportation line... At least four concrete airports need to be built in North Korea. I hope that the airport construction can be guaranteed in terms of labor and equipment. If you agree, we can provide some anti-aircraft guns. The artillery division has been ordered to transfer 5 anti-aircraft artillery divisions in batches go to North Korea.An additional 600 vehicles will be delivered in the second half of this year. "
From the measures listed in Zhou Enlai's telegram to Peng Dehuai on March 3 and Stalin's telegram to return to Chairman Mao on March 3, it can be seen that this is obviously the great achievement of Peng Dehuai's active activities in Beijing in just seven days. If He did not report to the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao about the real situation of the Volunteer Army in North Korea in person. These major issues would certainly not be resolved so quickly. Later facts proved that the gradual implementation of the above measures alleviated the difficulties of the Volunteer Army and reduced casualties. , to improve combat effectiveness.
