II, National Defense (1)
National Defense
National defense and resisting aggression, stopping armed subversion, and defending the sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity and security of the country, the military and military-related politics, economy, diplomacy, and technology , Education and other activities. Military activities include: armed forces construction, border defense, coastal defense, and air defense construction, national defense research and production, national defense education for the whole people, perfecting the mobilization system, and realizing national defense modernization. National defense is the security guarantee for the survival and development of a country. The state exercises unified leadership over national defense. Modern national defense includes: national defense system, national defense policy, national defense strategy, national defense force, national defense science and technology, national defense economy, national defense industry, national defense engineering, national defense education, national defense mobilization, national defense transportation, national defense laws and regulations, as well as other aspects related to national defense. struggle.
National security
National interests are free from threats and infringements from external, internal hostile forces and natural factors. Including that the country's political power is not subverted, territorial sovereignty is not violated, ideology and culture are not corroded by reactionary ideas and public opinion, economic interests are not infringed, society remains stable, people's lives and property are secured, and the natural ecological environment is in order. Good wait. It is the primary need and basic condition for the survival and development of a country, and the primary task of the country’s internal affairs and diplomacy. Military security is an important part of national security.
National Defense Policy
The basic code of action for national defense construction and struggle formulated by the country in a certain period of time. It is an integral part of national policy. It is formulated by the country in accordance with its national defense laws and regulations and political, military, economic, technological, cultural, geographic and national defense environment conditions. There are mainly national defense security policies and national defense construction policies. The specific contents include: armed force construction and armed force utilization policy, national defense resource allocation policy, national defense science and technology policy, national defense industry and military product production policy, military product import and export policy, military technology transfer policy, national defense education policy, and national defense foreign policy. China pursues a defensive national defense policy. China's national defense policy in the new century and new stage mainly includes: maintaining national security and unity, and guaranteeing national development interests; achieving comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of national defense and military construction; strengthening the quality of the military with informationization as the main symbol; implementing a military strategy of active defense Policy; adhere to the nuclear strategy of self-defense; create a safe environment conducive to the peaceful development of the country.
national defense strategy
plans and guides national defense construction and national defense force utilization overall strategy. It is an integral part of the national strategic system and is restricted and guided by the national strategy. The main tasks are to determine the direction of national defense construction and development, guide the use of national defense forces, deter and resist foreign aggression, and maintain national security.
National defense construction
Various activities carried out by countries to improve national defense capabilities. Mainly include: the construction of armed forces, border defense, coastal defense, air defense, civil defense and battlefield construction, national defense technology and national defense industry construction, national defense laws and regulations and mobilization system construction, national defense theory research, national defense education, and transportation, post and telecommunications directly related to national defense , Energy, water conservancy, meteorology, aerospace and other aspects.
National defense modernization
The process and goals of national defense business reaching the modern advanced level. It is an important part of national modernization. It mainly includes the modernization of military thinking, armed forces, national defense science and technology, national defense industry, national defense facilities, national defense system and management. The main tasks of contemporary China's national defense modernization are: to build a modern army with strong actual combat capabilities as the core, drive mechanization with informatization, vigorously develop the modernization level of national defense technology and weapons and equipment, and do all kinds of combat readiness under the conditions of informatization. Improve the national defense mobilization system, strengthen the construction of militia and reserve forces, train a large number of high-quality new military personnel, and develop strategies and tactics for people's war under the conditions of informatization.
National Defense Forces
A collective term for the various forces owned by the country in the field of national defense. Including national defense strength and national defense potential. National defense strength is the country's existing defense forces, which mainly include: the scale and level of armed forces, defense technology, defense industry, defense facilities, etc., as well as the comprehensive strength of politics, economy, technology, and culture related to national defense. National defense potential is the potential power that can be used for defense purposes through mobilization of a country, that is, generally refers to the human, material and financial resources that can be mobilized for national defense.
National Defense Technology
Collective term for natural sciences and applied technologies that directly serve national defense. It mainly includes the science and technology involved in the development and production of weapons and equipment, the operation and use and support technology of weapons and equipment, as well as military engineering and command and control technology. It is an important factor that constitutes a national defense force and an important indicator of the level of national defense modernization.
The national defense industry
is also known as the "military industry". Development and production of weapons and equipment, military equipment, military daily necessities, and industrial categories of special raw materials required for national defense. Including the ordnance industry, aviation industry, shipbuilding industry, electronics industry, nuclear industry, aerospace industry, munitions industry, etc. It is the main body of the national defense economy and the foundation for realizing national defense modernization.
nuclear industry
is also known as "atomic energy industry". Industry engaged in the research, production, and processing of nuclear fuel, the development and utilization of nuclear energy, and the development and production of nuclear weapons. The main products are nuclear raw materials, nuclear fuels, nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons, nuclear power and radioactive isotopes.
Aerospace industry
Development and production of spacecraft, space equipment, weapon systems, and supporting foundation support equipment industry. The main products are strategic missiles, launch vehicles, space vehicles and their ground and water support equipment.
Aviation Industry
The industry that develops, produces and maintains aircraft and its supporting equipment. The main products are military and civilian fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, gliders, ground-effect aircraft, airships, balloons, as well as aircraft engines, airborne weapons, airborne equipment, ground equipment, etc.
Shipbuilding industry
The industry that develops, builds and repairs ships, floating tools and their supporting equipment. The main products are military ships, civilian ships, as well as shipborne weapons and ship equipment.
Weapon Industry
is an industry focused on the development and production of army conventional weapons and equipment. The main products are various firearms, ammunition, artillery, armored vehicles, military special vehicles, tactical missiles, chemical defense equipment, observation equipment, etc.
Electronic industry
The industry that develops and produces electronic equipment, electronic components, and special raw materials. The main products are electronic computers, radio and television equipment, communication equipment, navigation equipment, radar equipment, electronic components, electronic instruments and other electronic special equipment.
National defense economy
The general term for national defense economic departments and national defense economic activities that guarantee national security, meet military needs, and the national defense economic relations that correspond to this. The main body of the defense economy sector is the various departments of the defense industry. National defense economic activities are mainly the production, procurement, distribution, consumption of military products and related management activities. The defense economy relationship mainly refers to the defense economy system and operating mechanism, including the management methods and models of the defense economy, related organizations, responsibilities and regulations, relevant laws, regulations, regulations, guidelines, and policies, and the various parts and links of the defense economy Adjustment function, etc.
National Defense Economics
A discipline that studies national defense economic activities and their development laws. It is an interdisciplinary subject of military science and economics. National defense economics focuses on national defense economic activities. The research contents mainly include: the relationship between national defense and the economy, the contradictory relationship and development trend of national defense demand and economic supply, the system, scale, structure and layout of the national defense economy, the operation mechanism and management system of the national defense economy, the peace-to-war transformation of the national defense economy, and Mobilization mechanism, national defense economic development strategy goals, content, key points, steps and measures, economic preparations and guarantees for war, production and procurement of military products and their relationship with civilian production, etc. The basic task is to reveal the objective laws of the movement and development of national defense economic contradictions, provide a theoretical basis for the decision-making, management and war economic support of the national defense economy, and improve the investment benefits of the national defense economy. Its sub-disciplines mainly include basic theories of national defense economics, national defense economic mobilization, wartime national defense economics, and national defense economic history.
National defense trade
The sale and circulation of national defense industrial products in the international market. The main forms are: arms trade, that is, the purchase and sale of weapons and equipment; defense technology trade, that is, the paid transfer of new principles, data, technology, advanced equipment, parts, and new high-quality materials of defense technology; foreign military assistance, that is, various Sale of weapons, equipment and national defense technology to the recipient country in a preferential manner. Among them, arms trade is the main form of defense trade.
National Defense Diplomacy
The foreign exchange activities of countries in national defense affairs. Outside the countryAn important aspect and part of communication. Such as military exchanges and mutual visits, military negotiations, the conclusion of military treaties, joint military exercises between countries, military assistance, and handling international military affairs.
National defense resources
A collective term for various material sources that can be used for national defense. According to material attributes, it can be divided into natural resources for national defense, including land, oil, natural gas, metal deposits, water power, solar energy and wind energy, etc.; social resources for national defense, including human, material, financial, technological and information resources. According to the location of resources, they can be divided into national defense land resources, national defense marine resources and national defense space resources. According to the social and economic sectors, it can be divided into national defense industrial resources, national defense agricultural resources, and national defense scientific and technological resources.
National defense project
To meet the needs of national defense, a permanent military project built on the land. Including permanent position projects built in border areas, coastal zones and strategically important inland areas, large-scale command posts, communication hubs, military ports and military airports, missile bases, caverns, military traffic and logistics base projects, homeland air defense and civil air defense projects Wait.
National defense facilities
General term for engineering buildings, sites and equipment used for national defense purposes. It can be divided into three categories: facilities directly used for combat or training, such as position fortifications, training bases, military ports, military airports, etc.; facilities used to ensure combat or training, such as communication hubs, military railway lines, pipelines, etc.; for national defense Service living and production facilities, such as military barracks, military factories, etc.
National defense traffic
The general term for land traffic, water traffic and air traffic that meet the needs of national defense and warfare in national traffic. The constituent elements include: transportation routes, transportation facilities, vehicles and transportation management agencies. Transportation lines, such as railways, highways, waterways, air routes, etc.; transportation facilities, such as stations, docks, bridges, airports, catering, water supply, refueling, repair service stations, loading and unloading equipment, and communication command equipment, etc.; transportation tools, such as used for Various military vehicles, ships, aircrafts, etc.; traffic management agencies, such as national, industrial and regional management agencies, as well as management, checkpoints, and post offices along the traffic line.
National defense highway
A highway selected or specially constructed for national defense in the national highway network. It is an important part of the national defense transportation network. Including the roads connecting the battle zone, the direction of the battle, the command hub, the military base, the troop station and the coastal defense and border defense. It is required that the road condition is good, the bridge has a large load, and important road sections have circuitous routes.
National Defense Post and Telecommunications
is the collective term for postal and telecommunications services for national defense. Including the military-provided post and telecommunications system and the national post and telecommunications system that serves national defense. Such as: military mail delivery, newspapers and periodicals distribution, telegraph, telephone, fax, radio, television, cable communication, radio communication, optical communication, sports communication and simple signal communication.
National Material Reserve
The storage and sealing of the means of subsistence, means of production and weapons and equipment that are directly controlled by the state and the military and have a major bearing on the national economy, people’s livelihood and national defense security. Mainly divided into defense material reserve, important civilian material reserve and foreign trade material reserve. Reserve materials include raw materials, fuel, equipment, grain, clothing, ordnance materials, etc.
sovereignty
The inherent supreme power of a country to handle its domestic and international affairs without interference or restriction by other countries. It is manifested as: the supreme internal power, that is, the territorial superiority and personal superiority of the country to exercise jurisdiction over all people and things in its territory and its own citizens outside the territory; external independence, that is, the exercise of power in international relations Complete autonomy and exclude any interference from outside; the right of self-defense is the right of a country to defend against foreign aggression or threats in order to maintain political independence and territorial integrity. Mutual respect for national sovereignty and sovereign equality is one of the basic principles of international law.
territorial land
land within the borders of sovereign states. Including the land surface and subsoil of the continental part and islands within the boundary. It is a basic part of the national territory. For an island country or archipelago, its territorial land consists of all its islands or archipelagos. Airspace and territorial water are attached to territorial land, and subsoil is attached to territorial water. Territorial waters, airspace and subsoil are all closely connected with territorial land and cannot exist alone. If the territorial land changes, other parts of the territorial land will also change accordingly.
Territorial waters
The waters of the internal and territorial waters of sovereign states. It is an integral part of the national territory. InsideWater includes rivers, lakes and internal seas, internal bays and internal straits within the border. Territorial sea refers to the sea area of a certain width adjacent to the land territory of a country and its internal waters. Foreign ships enjoy the right of harmless passage in the territorial waters, but not in the internal waters.
Airspace
Atmospheric space over the territorial land and territorial waters of a sovereign state. It is an integral part of the national territory. A country has complete and exclusive sovereignty over its airspace. Foreign aircraft and other aircraft are not allowed to fly in its airspace without the permission of the country.
Territorial sea
A sea area of a certain width adjacent to the land territory of a coastal country and its internal water and subject to its sovereignty and jurisdiction. The territorial sea of an archipelago state is the adjacent sea area outside the archipelago waters. Its scope is the sea area between the territorial sea baseline and the territorial sea line. National sovereignty extends to the territorial sea and its seabed and subsoil. The Chinese government announced on September 4, 1958 that the width of the territorial sea was 12 nautical miles.
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Editor: Qinghai-Tibet line veterans’ house
Qinghai-Tibet line veterans’ house WeChat ID: qzxlbzj
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