volunteers on the Korean battlefield is that they have no air superiority. Our air force was just formed when it entered the Korean war, and it was in a state of lack of everything and could not participate in the battle. At that time, there was only one anti-aircraft artillery regiment for the North Korean air defense force, so the U.S. bombers dared to throw bombs over our heads unscrupulously, especially the bombing of the traffic lines and transportation vehicles behind us, which made it difficult to transport logistics materials and seriously affected the front lines Volunteer soldiers fighting. The formation of a powerful air force has become the unanimous desire of our army. Most of the first batch of aircraft of our army came from the Japanese army. After Japan's unconditional surrender, our army entered the northeast in advance, searched everywhere for Japanese equipment and buried aviation materials, and then assembled them into aircraft. From to June 1946, more than 120 sorties of various aircraft were searched. This batch of aircraft is also in dilapidated condition and can only be used for training, and because of lack of spare parts and fuel, they are often bombed by the national army and cannot play much role.
The US military fighter
was not until October 25, 1949, when Liu Yalou became the Air Force commander. On November 11, the Chinese Air Force was formally established, and 6 aviation schools were quickly established, and the Chinese Air Force was just beginning to take shape. However, the selection and training of pilots is a very long process. The aircraft also requires a series of supporting measures such as ground handling, machine repair, logistics, radar, and communications. Compared with the development of the situation, the development of China's air force appears to be a bit slow. When the volunteers entered the North Korean war, the Chinese Air Force was barely able to fight with only 2 fighter aviation divisions, 1 bomber regiment, and 117 combat aircraft of various types. The most important thing about
is that the average flight time of pilots is less than 100 hours, and international practice training pilots should be at least 300 hours, and the strict conditions of US military pilots even more than 500 hours. The pilots who graduated from the crash course have no actual combat experience, and they fly old fighter planes. Naturally, they cannot compete with the experienced US Air Force. In order to avoid wasting air force, the central government finally decided that the air force would not participate in combat for the time being, and still step up training, and wait for the right time to follow the Soviet army to fight together, learning while practicing.
While the volunteers were ready to go, the Soviet Union broke its promise to provide air cover. In spite of this, our volunteers still slogans "Resist US aggression and aid Korea, defend our country", and resolutely marched to North Korea on October 19, 1950. When learned of the news, Stalin was very moved and even praised: "Chinese comrades are worthy of real Marxists and internationalists." Z4z may have been overwhelmed by the courage of the volunteers. He only promised to provide weapons and equipment at first, but the volunteers After the victory of the first battle in the DPRK, fighter planes piloted by the Soviet army also began to appear in the sky near the Yalu River, and even crossed the Yalu River to provide cover for the traffic line behind our volunteers.
In 1950, when China and the Soviet Union were negotiating to purchase fighter jets, the Soviet Union only agreed to provide China with MiG-9 fighter jets, which was eliminated after the Soviet army was replaced by MiG-15. When the Korean War broke out, the U.S. Air Force was mostly equipped with F-84 fighter jets. In a small-scale battle between the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Army near the Yalu River, it was found that the overall performance of the MiG-9 was not as good as the U.S. F-84, and the air confrontation was at a disadvantage. The MiG-9 has a range of only 800 kilometers and a combat radius of only 320 kilometers, which is far less than that of the F-84. Although the MiG-9 airborne weapons are powerful, they carry a small amount of ammunition and cannot fight for a long time.
Volunteers shot down an F86
. In this case, even if our air force training is completed, it is difficult for us to take advantage of the North Korean operations. The Soviet Air Force adviser reported the situation to Stalin. He severely criticized those who participated in the negotiations that year, and called Beijing on May 22, 1951, stating:
, in order to make the Chinese fighter aviation division more combat effective, used meters Ge-15 replaces the MiG-9 fighter. For this reason, the Soviet Union needs to transport you 372 MiG-15 aircraft. We have been unable to do this due to insufficient aircraft, and we have been able to do this now. We intend to provide you with these 372 MiG-15 aircraft free of charge, and only pay the freight from the Soviet Union to China... we guarantee you At the beginning of August, all 372 planes were available. The
MiG-15 was the most advanced fighter jet of the Soviet army at the time. Beijing expressed its gratitude for this. Stalin called Beijing again on May 26, explaining the reason for providing the Chinese MiG-15 free of charge, and frankly admitted that it was sold to the Chinese MiG-9 is a mistake:
We Russians made a mistake: It was originally estimated that the MiG-9 could be compared to the best jet fighters in Britain and the United States. Now, after the North Korean air war, the error of this estimate is obvious...Since the responsibility for this error is entirely ours, we are duty-bound to eliminate our error and replace the MiG-15 with the MiG-15. Grid-9.
At the same time, he also said that the replaced MiG-9 was originally to be shipped back to the Soviet Union, but the significance of these aircrafts in China is obviously greater than that of returning them to China. Therefore, he decided that these MiG-9s will also remain in China, which can be used to train pilots or to deal with US bombers. During the War of Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, while the Soviet Union assisted China with aircraft and other weapons, it also sent a large number of military advisers to China and trained a large number of pilots for China. China has also obtained a part of Soviet weapons manufacturing authorization and flight equipment manufacturing technology.
In August 1951, the "United Nations Army" launched a "summer offensive" in order to gain the initiative on the negotiating table. Li Qiwei, the commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army", keenly discovered that the weakness of the Volunteers lies in the difficulty of guaranteeing logistical materials, so the Air Force launched a "strangulation war" and carried out indiscriminate bombing of traffic in our rear. At this time, our Volunteer Army Air Force is also ready for large-scale air combat. The first large-scale air combat was the Fourth Division of our Air Force, which had 56 pilots and 55 MiG-15 fighters.
Li Qiwei
On September 25, the U.S. Air Force dispatched more than 100 aircraft and divided them into five formations to bomb the traffic lines along the Sinanju Bridge. The Soviet army dispatched 110 aircraft to fight, and asked the 4th Air Division to dispatch 16 coordinated operations. During the fierce battle, Li Yongtai, the captain of a large team, was besieged by 4 enemy planes. After being shot 35 rounds, he was still able to drive the fighter to land safely. The pilot Liu Yongxin, after shooting down a US F-86 with one enemy and six, finally died as outnumbered. Captain Hua Longyi of the Second Brigade destroyed two US planes within one minute of the engagement, and then cut a bloody path from the 14 enemy planes that swarmed in. After damaging two enemy planes, the plane was damaged and had to parachute.
During the entire war to resist U.S. aggression and aggression, the Fourth Air Division shot down 64 sorties of enemy aircraft and wounded 24 sorties. The third, second, and fourteenth divisions of our Air Force also took turns to fight against the US aircraft over North Korea. The appearance of the Sino-Soviet Air Force over North Korea greatly shocked the U.S. Air Force. Z3z established the "MiG Corridor" over the plain from Yalu to the Qingchuan River, which became a restricted zone for US military aircraft. faced the MiG-15 fighter, the US F-84 could only be diverted to do bombing tasks, and the more advanced F-86 was adopted. Z3z U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff Vandenberg said in surprise: “China has become one of the world’s major air force powers almost overnight.” At the same time, with the massive equipment of Volunteers’ air defense weapons, U.S. bombers dare not go low. Dive bombing, but bombing at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters, greatly reduced the efficiency. After entering the DPRK, our railway soldiers also showed amazing energy. Few roads and bridges destroyed by the US military have not been repaired for more than 24 hours. The supplies of the Volunteers gradually recovered, and the "strangulation" of the US military could only end in failure. As time went by, the aerial bombardment of the US military became more difficult to achieve. In the preparation phase of the Jincheng Battle in June 1953, our army’s logistics forces rushed to the front line to transport 15,000 tons of materials, including 1.3 million rounds of various artillery shells, which laid a solid foundation for the victory of the battle. basis.
In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Chinese Air Force had a total of 10 fighter aviation divisions, 21 regiments, 2 bombing aviation divisions and 3 brigade. The combat took off 2457 sorties, shot down 330 enemy aircraft and damaged 95 aircraft. Our army was shot down 231 aircraft, 151 were injured, 116 aircrew died. Not only did the volunteers cover their operations, but they also gained valuable practical experience.
There are still many voices questioning the correctness of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. In fact, these people only saw the casualties paid, but did not see the gains that cannot be described by numbers. In just two or three years, the Chinese Air Force has grown from nothing, from weak to strong. It has not only trained an air force capable of winning wars, but also safeguarded the security of my country’s coastal airspace and made great contributions to the country’s stable development. Great contribution. Moreover, my country’s aviation industry can be described as developing on the shoulders of giants. Only in a short period of time can it be achieved today.Such an achievement. Judging from this point alone, the decision that year was undoubtedly very correct.
