In the early days of the Liberation War, the combat power of the People's Liberation Army and the Kuomintang army was very different. The Kuomintang army has more than 4 million people, while the People's Liberation Army has only more than 1 million people. The several-fold gap in military strength has made Chiang Kai-shek full of confidence in this war.
So Chiang Kai-shek proposed a quick battle strategy, but in just a few months, the Kuomintang army lost hundreds of thousands of people. Chiang Kai-shek, who gradually realized the reality, began to propose key offensive strategies.
Then, KMT launched a key attack on the northern Shaanxi and the liberated areas of Shandong at that time. After careful study of the overall situation and war situation, the central government decided to evacuate Yan'an.
In 1947, when the central government evacuated Yan'an, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Kuomintang, the leaders used the pseudonym to confuse the enemy. Everyone knows that Chairman Mao’s pseudonym was Li Desheng at that time, So what were the pseudonyms of Premier Zhou and Ren Bishi?
1. Evacuate Yan'an and switch to northern Shaanxi
In March 1947, Hu Zongnan led an army of 250,000 to attack Yan'an. At that time, the People's Liberation Army in northern Shaanxi had only about 20,000 people. Faced with such a situation, the central government made a bold decision, which was to evacuate Yan'an.
In other words, the ratio of troops between the enemy and us is about 10 to 1. This is also why the central government made the decision to evacuate the Yan'an area. They need to think about the next strategy against the enemy while protecting themselves.
Because the People's Liberation Army and the central organs chose to evacuate, Hu Zongnan quickly occupied Yan'an. Afterwards, Hu Zongnan boasted about his achievements, but both sides knew that all Hu Zongnan had was an empty city.
After the central government evacuated Yan'an, Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and Ren Bishi led his troops to northern Shaanxi and commanded the People's Liberation Army and Hu Zongnan to carry out many battles. Under the command of Chairman Mao, Hu Zongnan's troops retreated step by step.
After Hu Zongnan suffered several consecutive defeats, Chiang Kai-shek was furious and immediately issued an order to capture Chairman Mao at all costs. After issuing this order, Chiang Kai-shek even took out the latest radio monitoring device in the United States.
With the help of the radio monitoring device, the Kuomintang quickly monitored the radio signals in the Wangjiawan area. Moreover, this radio station sent newspapers frequently, so Chiang Kai-shek speculated that Chairman Mao and the central government should be in the Wangjiawan area.
So, is Chairman Mao in this area at this time? The answer is of course yes. Chairman Mao and others were here at this time, but they had changed their names. All this started with the meeting to evacuate Yan'an.
2. A pseudonym avoiding and cleverly transferring
In fact, when Yan'an was about to be besieged, the central government had already made an important decision. Chairman Mao believed that the war could not be trapped in one city and one place, so they decided to evacuate Yan'an and find an opportunity to eliminate the enemy's vitality.
1947 On the afternoon of March 30, 1947, the Central Committee held an emergency meeting. At the meeting, Chairman Mao decided to evacuate Yan'an. In addition, more than 200 people from the central organs formed the Kunlun Column to protect Chairman Mao and other central leaders.
At that time, in order to ensure safety and to prevent information leakage, the main leaders of used pseudonyms. Chairman Mao was named Li Desheng, and Ren Bi was appointed as the commander of the Kunlun Column, so he was named Shi Lin and Premier Zhou was named Hu Bicheng.
In the following months, Chairman Mao and others have been fighting in northern Shaanxi and waiting for an opportunity to eliminate the enemy's vitality. Soon, time came to On June 8, 1947, a huge crisis came to Chairman Mao and others who were in Wangjiawan.
mentioned earlier that after Hu Zongnan suffered several consecutive defeats, Chiang Kai-shek used the latest United States radio monitoring device. They monitored radio signals near Wangjiawan, so they sent tens of thousands of Kuomintang troops to Wangjiawan quietly.
However, the People's Liberation Army unit stationed in Wangjiawan, called Kunlun Column, has only more than 200 people. Because the forces of the enemy and us are too disparity, the possibility of winning by facing the front is almost zero.
Therefore, after learning about the enemy's attack, Chairman Mao and others immediately decided to evacuate from here. However, there were some differences on the issue of where to evacuate Wangjiawan.
Chairman Mao planned to evacuate westward. He wanted to evacuate between Hu Zongnan and the enemy who was about to rush here, but Ren Bishi proposed to evacuate from the east. and the two discussed this, but no one could convince the other.
At the critical moment, Premier Zhou put forward a suggestion that both sides agree. He proposed to evacuate north first and then move northwest. According to Premier Zhou's suggestion, everyone began to evacuate.
However, Chairman Mao said at this time that he was not in a hurry, as if he had a new idea. Premier Zhou, who is familiar with Chairman Mao, saw through his thoughts at a glance. It turned out that Chairman Mao wanted to observe the enemy's movements to facilitate future responses.
So, a cavalry team and a reinforced platoon were sent out to find the enemy's movements. The large army of Kunlun Column rushed all the way and moved to Xiaohe Village. However, the Kuomintang army that did not find the central government in Wangjiawan also followed.
However, at this time, the People's Liberation Army, which had learned that the enemy had a radio monitoring device, began to use a low-power radio station, and the enemy suddenly could not find the radio station signal. From this moment on, the enemy lost the whereabouts of our army and could only blindly search for this area. After the transfer of
to Xiaohe Village, the central government began the next plan, and they planned to temporarily stay in Tianci Bay. One night during the transfer, our army braved the pouring rain and climbed a mountain.
However, after going up the mountain, our army suddenly discovered that there was a bonfire on the hill next door. Only then did they realize that on this rainy night when they couldn't see the direction clearly, they had already walked to the enemy's side without realizing it.
At that time, the distance between the enemy and us was so close that our soldiers could clearly hear the noise of the enemy and the scolding of the officers. Even the light of the enemy flashlight seemed so dazzling.
However, at this urgent moment, Chairman Mao seemed very calm and calm. After he confirmed that the enemy did not discover our army, he issued three orders, requiring our soldiers not to use flashlights, smoke, or make noise.
Just like that, a team of more than 200 people quietly left the enemy along the muddy path with almost no sound, allowing the enemy to continue to search blindly.
Conclusion
Although it still triggered the enemy's tentative gunfire during the march, under the cover of the dark night and heavy rain, the enemy did not know if there was someone next to him, so they could only test it randomly.
Kunlun Column quietly avoided a war, and the enemy also went further and further in the opposite direction. Then, the central organs successfully arrived at Tianci Bay, and the enemy's idea of annihilation of the central organs was burned.
