Aviation Bomb is simply called Aviation Bomb , commonly known as bomb. It is an explosive weapon thrown from an aircraft. It is one of the main weapons carried by bombers and fighter bombers and attack aircraft. Naval aviation bombs are generally used to attack large and medium-sized surface ships at sea during naval operations and attack important targets in shallow depth on land and island military targets.
1. US Navy aviation bomb equipment
Before Vietnam War , the US Navy carrier-based aircraft mainly carried non-guided ordinary bombs MK82, MK83 and MK84. During the Gulf War, the US military used the "Gem Road" laser guided bomb for the first time. After the war, precision guidance technology quickly became the development direction of the US Navy's aviation bombs, and the proportion of guided aviation bombs used in the war gradually increased. At present, the precise guided bombs equipped by US carrier-based aircraft include gem road laser guided bomb , joint out-of-domain weapons (JSOW), joint direct attack weapons (JDAM) series, mother-child bombs and small-diameter series bombs (SDB).
various series of bombs equipped by US carrier-based aircraft
2. Technology development of aviation bombs
The key technologies for precision guided bombs mainly include the following points:
(I) Compound guidance technology
Currently, the composite guidance technology used on aviation bombs mainly adopts satellite navigation (GPS)/inertial navigation (INS) guidance composite, and some use GPS/INS guidance and final guidance composites. The multi-modeling technology is used in the final guidance stage of
. The multi-modeling technology is a technology that combines two or more target detection sensors to guide in the seeker. Various types of sensors have their own advantages and disadvantages in a single mode. Multi-model guidance technology can give full play to the advantages of different types of sensors, make up for each other's shortcomings, and adapt to complex and changeable battlefield environments, thereby achieving accurate positioning and attacking the target.
multi-modeling technology diagram
US Navy SDB II applies three-modeling technology to GPS/INS, and adds a millimeter wave radar/ infrared imaging /laser semi-active three-mode seeker based on composite guidance. Among them, the millimeter-wave radar seeker can detect and track mobile or static targets under almost all meteorological conditions; the infrared seeker can meet more accurate dynamic aiming in dark night conditions; the semi-active laser seeker can track the laser indication of the transmitter to achieve continuous dynamic and accurate strikes on the target.
(II) Insensitive ammunition design technology
Insensitive ammunition, also known as insensitive ammunition, refers to ammunition that can minimize its unexpected detonation probability and collateral damage to the launch platform, logistics system and personnel when encountering unexpected stimulation under the premise of meeting the specified performance, combat readiness and operation technical requirements. At present, the research on insensitive ammunition technology abroad is mainly carried out in terms of energy-containing materials, structural design and packaging protection. Research on energy-containing materials mainly involves the following two aspects: improving existing energy-containing materials; and developing new insensitive energy-containing materials. Structural design mainly uses the following two aspects: relief design; exhaust design.
(III) Corrosion resistance and electromagnetic compatibility design technology
To adapt to the natural marine environment conditions, the main design technologies and protective measures include: the selection of corrosion-resistant materials; reasonable structural design protection; reliable processing technology protection; effective control of environmental conditions, etc. In order to properly solve the problems of electromagnetic interference on ship-based platforms, the concept of electromagnetic compatibility has emerged. The main electromagnetic compatibility of ship is as follows: interference suppression filtering technology, magnetic shielding technology, grounding technology, reasonable layout, and spectrum management.
(IV) Serialization, generalization and modular design technology
Local war under high technical conditions puts forward high-tech weapons requirements such as high combat effectiveness and easy support for naval aviation ammunition on ships and aircraft carrier in the main working environment. However, modern high-tech weapons and equipment have complex structures, long development cycles and a lot of research and development funds. Weapons and equipment develop in series, generalization and modularity, and can effectively control R&D costs, achieving the purpose of shortening the research and development cycle, improving quality and reliability, and simplifying maintenance and logistics support.
3. Development trend of US Navy aviation bomb technology
(I) High security, high environmental adaptability and easy security
In order to better adapt to the naval combat environment, the requirements for the safety, environmental adaptability and support of aviation bombs will become higher and higher. The improvements and improvements in the materials, structure and mechanical properties of naval aviation bombs will always exist in the development and production process to meet the higher safety, environmental adaptability and support of aviation bombs in the naval combat environment.
(II) Low cost and miniaturization
Low cost is the direction that cannot be avoided in the research and development and use of all weapons and equipment. It is necessary to gradually reduce the difficulty of the process, management and operation costs and personnel costs through technological progress; weapon miniaturization can meet the needs of buried stealth in new combat aircraft and intensive mounting of drone in the mainland. The SDB series of aviation bombs that can effectively combine "small bomb bodies" and "big power" will become the series of aviation bombs that the US Navy will be equipped with in the future.
(III) Networking, informatization, intelligence, and collaborative combat
The US military weapon data link system can achieve close links with weapons platforms, charge platforms, and sensor platforms, and realize networked coordinated combat. Networking and informatization enable aviation ammunition to complete a series of actions such as efficient search, tracking and identification, target strikes, evaluation and re-strikes in a short time; intelligent equipment response speed is faster than that of people, and decision-making and judgment are more comprehensive and rational; coordinated attacks between multiple ammunitions make combat plans more flexible and changeable. The future war situation is changing rapidly and requires coordinated and integrated combat between systems. Therefore, it is inevitable that the U.S. Navy's aviation ammunition will develop towards networking, informatization, intelligence and coordinated combat in the future.
