1945, the atomic bomb , which was launched on Hiroshima , is the last attack to end the long World War II , but on the other hand, it is also a signal flare that shows in what direction the war situation will develop in the future.
In the Cold War era that began immediately, the United States and the Soviet Union began to compete to create the faster and higher-flying bomber . Because the technology of the ballistic missile was still at the primary level at that time, the only way to drop nuclear weapons was the strategic bomber .
However, the winner of the bomber development competition in the 1950s was very clear. The Soviet Union only imitated the B-29 bomber , barely creating replicas, while the United States has launched bombers with new performances with each passing day.
B-29 bomber
B-47 strategic bomber is equipped with jet engine for the first time, with a maximum flight speed of 977km/h. Therefore, it was difficult to intercept the MiG-15 and MiG-17 owned by the Soviet Union at that time.
plus news that the United States is developing B-52 bomber that can fly in the stratosphere spread, the Soviet Union believed that the new fighter that can intercept American bombers should be developed as soon as possible.
Therefore, the Soviet government put forward the following requirements for the MiG Design Bureau.
must reach a speed of Mach 2, a maximum rise height of 66,000 feet, install radar , and carry air-to-air missiles...
B-47 strategic bomber
At that time, in order to develop this new fighter, the MiG Design Bureau once again selected core manpower from the team that was still developing MiG-19 and formed another new research team. But the research team encountered great difficulties in development, because the speed of the Mach 2 was a speed that no aircraft developed by the Soviet Union had achieved, and there was no engine, material and various data.
mg design bureau must first determine the shape of the fighter. The design bureau considered the scheme of swept wings used on the existing mG aircraft and the scheme of triangular wings with triangle shapes. At that time, the research team believed that the performance of swept wing used before would be better, but the pilots who actually drove the two fuselages had different ideas. The delta wing is better in terms of speed, maneuverability, and can also be equipped with more fuel.
Finally, the shape of the aircraft was determined to be a delta wing, and the MiG-21F model loaded with the new engine was developed.
mG-15
mG-21 was delivered to the Soviet Air Force since 1958. It can reach the speed of the Mach 2, which originally required performance, with a rise height of 17,800 meters. Thanks to the relatively small and lightweight body, the acceleration, lift and maintenance are epoch-making improvements compared to existing fighter jets.
appearance features, there is a conical air inlet in the front of the body. The impact cone moves in three stages according to the speed of the body, and the angle or air inlet of the shock wave is appropriately adjusted. The impact cone is equipped with a primary radar for measuring distance.
In terms of armed forces, the Soviet army was equipped with the infrared guided air-to-air missile AA-2 for the first time. The performance of the missile is similar to that of the US AIM-9 Slottesnake missile, and it is also equipped with two 30mm machine guns .
mG-17
mG Design Bureau will continue to research and develop the MiG-21P model with improved performance than the MiG-21F model. The effective detection range of the existing MiG-21F radar is also very short and can only be used during the sunny day. The newly developed MiG-21P model is equipped with a more powerful radar, which can be used in both bad weather and day and night. What's special about the
-meter-21P type is that it has eliminated the machine guns and only air-to-air missiles are installed. The Soviet Union believes that air combat can be fully carried out with missiles only. However, the Soviet Union, which re-recognized the importance of the machine gun, installed a 23mm dual machine gun on the MiG-21PF model. The engine performance has been strengthened, and the maximum detection distance of the radar has also been increased to 20 kilometers and the target tracking distance has been increased to 10 kilometers.
This model not only exported to Eastern Europe, Middle East , Asia and many other countries.The performance of
MG-21S can be further improved, and 2 to 4 air-to-air missiles can be installed, the radar detection distance will be increased to 30 kilometers, and the target tracking distance will be increased to 20 kilometers.
mG-21
mG-21bis is the final mass-produced model of MiG-21. The MiG-21bis is equipped with an R-25-300 engine with a significantly increased thrust. Due to the increase in the range of external fuel tanks, the number of air-to-air missiles has also increased by 6.
mG-21 can not only complete the interception tasks for the original development purpose, but also invest in various tasks such as air-to-air, air-to-ground, etc. Moreover, the MiG-21 is cheap, so it is not only the Soviet Union, but also the best fighter jets to other allies. MiG-21 fighter is used in about 50 countries. It is speculated that the MiG-21, as the supersonic fighter, has a production capacity of more than 10,000 aircraft. The output of
mG-21 is very high, so it also has rich practical experience. In Vietnam War , the US military fell into a tough battle in the air war with the MiG-21. Compared with the US military, the Vietnam Allied forces, which were at a disadvantage in combat, used ground radar, surface-to-air missiles and MiG aircraft to fight together, especially the Vietnamese Allied radar controllers found the US aircraft with excellent ability and accurately informed the MiG aircraft.
Mig-21PF
0The US military mainly consists of more than 20 bombers and escort aircraft to attack. At this time, if the MiG-21 is under ground control, half of the formation will give up the equipment and implement the evasion maneuver.
The US military also did not gain a significant advantage in the range of fighter jets. Although the range of US fighter jets is better than that of MiG-21, since the US military mainly takes off from bases in Thailand, considering the flight distance of 1,600 kilometers to travel, the remaining fuel must be checked frequently.
In addition, although the MiG-21 has not a long range, it overcomes the disadvantage of this range of range due to its concentrated use in relatively narrow combat areas.
In terms of armed forces, the US military not only owns the Rattlesnake air-to-air missile, but also the Sparrow air-to-air missile, but failed to use it with ease.
F-4 Ghost
At that time, due to the lack of technology to distinguish between our military aircraft and enemy aircraft, missiles would occasionally be launched at our army. Therefore, the US military command instructed to clearly identify the enemy aircraft with the naked eye and then launch missiles.
In the early stages of the war, there were 46 air battles between the F-4 Ghost Monster and the MiG-21, of which 27 Ghost Monsters were lost and 20 MiG-21s were lost. The reason for this result is, on the one hand, because the MiG-21's speed and maneuverability are excellent, and on the other hand, because the early ghost fighter jets did not have machine guns.
At that time, after the US military developed the air-to-air missile , it felt that there would be no traditional fighting incidents in the future, but the missile performance was not as good as expected. In addition, the problem of misidentifying attacks on our army, so the US military often engages in close combat with the MiG-21.
MIG-21bis
From the overall perspective of the Vietnam War, the United States had an advantage in the battle with MiG machines with a 1-3 exchange ratio, but in the Pacific War against Japan, the 1-12 exchange ratio was very disappointing for the US military at this time.
U.S. Navy learned this result as a lesson and established TOPGUN, which specializes in the training of fighter aircraft control technology. The US Air Force will also improve the pilot's close combat capabilities through simulated air combat called Red Flag.
After the Vietnam War, the MiG-21's results were not ideal. In Middle East War , the main fighter of the Islamic state, MiG-21, was almost unilaterally attacked by the fighter of Israeli . After entering the 1980s, after the F-15 and F-16 appeared, the MiG-21 was no longer an opponent on the battlefield.
MIG-21bis
North Korea is one of the countries that use MiG-21 in a large number. North Korea quickly introduced the MiG-21F fighter jet from the Soviet Union in the mid-1960s, and at that time, the main fighter jets of the South Korean Air Force, F-86 and F-5A, were difficult to become opponents of the MiG-21.
After that, after North Korea introduced the MiG-21 equipped with radar, the gap in air force between North Korea and South Korea further widened. South Korea, anxiously introduced F-4 ghosts from the United States on the grounds of sending troops in the Vietnam War.
At present, North Korea has more than 150 MiG-21s, but due to serious aging and insufficient parts, it has failed to perform as it should.
In the 1990s, Russia proposed to carry out a large-scale upgrade under the target of countries with MiG-21. The business was improved in the name of MiG-21 and various electronic equipment such as infrared detector are installed on the existing MiG-21.
MiG-21 fighter is a supersonic fighter developed by the Soviet Union. For Soviet alliance countries and countries with weak economic strength, the MiG-21 fighter is a fighter that protects its airspace for a long time.
