Chen Yi , born on August 26, 1901, in a small landlord family in Sichuan Province. In 1921, he was escorted back to China by armed forces for participating in the patriotic movement. Later, he joined the Communist Party of China under the introduction of comrades Li Dazhao and other comrades, and gradually opened up his own revolutionary path.
One word difference, the meaning is very different
On January 10, 1946, the US President’s Special Envoy Marshall mediated between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, prompting the two sides to sign an armistice agreement, and at the same time established a three-member military dispatch group composed of representatives of the Communist Party, representatives of Chiang Kai-shek and representatives of the United States.
At this time, the whole country is in a state of "a big fight in the Northeast and a small fight in the pass". After each conflict occurs, the New Fourth Army Department must report the situation in a timely manner.
In late February 1946, the Central Military Commission notified that Zhou Enlai, Zhang Zhizhong and Marshall would arrive in Jinan on March 2 and go to Xuzhou on March 3, and designated Commander Chen Yi to rush from Linyi to Jinan to participate in the talks.
After receiving the notice, Commander Chen Yi immediately instructed the Advisory Office to prepare materials on military conflicts and study the possible issues raised by the Kuomintang.
0 At around 8 am on March 1, a special plane sent by Colonel Lake on behalf of the United States landed at Linyi Airport . Commander Chen Yi boarded the plane and arrived in Jinan at around 9 am. The three representatives of the Jinan Military Transfer Group and the representatives of Wang Yaowu and He Siyuan were all greeted by Commander Chen Yi at the airport.
Later, Wang Yaowu mentioned this meeting in "Authority" and told a detail that impressed him deeply.
After Chen Yi dismounted, the serviceman saluted and said, "Hello Commander Chen!"
Chen Yi immediately corrected, "You called me wrong, throw away a word. You should call the commander, not the commander. We are all members, you are the serviceman, I am the commander, we are all ordinary members of the revolutionary team."
This scene happened to be seen by Wang Yaowu. In his eyes, he couldn't help but sigh: "There is no official in the Communist army. There was originally only one 'adjutant', but it was later cancelled. Everyone was called 'commander', and they were collectively called 'commanders'. On the other hand, the Kuomintang not only had to be called the commander, but also the commander, for fear that the difference between superiors and subordinates could not be reflected."
Some people disagreed with this and felt that a title was just a title, which did not mean anything at all. Wang Yaowu replied: "Since ancient times, Chinese people have not been worried about scarcity but unevenness. They are all called 'members'. Everyone can get psychological balance, and it means that the senior cadres in the Communist Party have spent their thoughts on the people below.
And our Kuomintang has put their thoughts on the people above all day long. What kind of wives, servants, and drivers do you think about being a soldier?"
At around 9 a.m. on March 2, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Zhizhong, and Marshall arrived in Jinan. After the welcoming ceremony of Xijiao Airport , Wang Yaowu specially chose to return to the city with Chen Yi.
On the way, Wang Yaowu was moved by Chen Yi's sincere attitude towards peace, but in the Kuomintang army, he had to abide by the instructions of Chiang Kai-shek and undermine the Kuomintang-Republic talks openly and secretly.
During the meeting, a "petition group" of one, two or three hundred people gathered in the square in front of the meeting place, shouting: "The Communist Party disrupts peace talks, does not allow farmers in the city to return to their hometowns, and does not want the people to live a peaceful life."
These local tyrants, evil gentry, playboys and others from the Kuomintang organization were refuted and dispersed by Comrade Zhou Enlai with confidence, breaking down the Kuomintang's tricks.
Although there were some small episodes, the talks went smoothly overall and there was no dispute. The next day, the Military Triple Committee and Chen Yi and others all went to Xuzhou.
At the welcome banquet held by Gu Zhutong , Director of the Xuzhou Pacification Association Office, because Commander Chen Yi's seat ranking was not as active as in Jinan.
After Marshall found out, he found Gu Zhutong and told him in front of Comrade Zhou Enlai and Zhang Zhizhong that General Chen Yi was very active and did not speak very much at the banquet today, mainly because you were not enthusiastic enough, especially the seats were improperly arranged. You should make up for it.
After the talks in Xuzhou, at around 2 pm on March 4, Gu Zhutong indeed came to Commander Chen Yi's residence to visit him and expressed his apology for not visiting General Chen Yi these days. The two talked for about an hour, and then Commander Chen Yi and his group flew back to Linyi.
Chen Yi was "trialed"
On October 23, 1937, Chen Yi will never forget it for his life. After arduous three years of guerrilla warfare, he did not fall on the battlefield, but almost died on this day. After the July 7 Incident, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated again to form the anti-Japanese national united front, , and put the guns in unison. For national justice, the Communist Party of China decided to adapt the Red Army guerrillas that insisted on fighting guerrilla warfare in eight southern provinces into New Fourth Army .
However, because the guerrillas were scattered on various hills, they were blocked by the Kuomintang army for a long time and could not contact the Party Central Committee, let alone understand the situation outside the mountain.
The three-year brutal war made them full of hatred for the Kuomintang reactionaries and could not understand the Party Central Committee's anti-Japanese national united front policy.
At that time, Xiang Ying and Chen Yi were negotiating with the local Kuomintang authorities, and set up guerrilla contacts and sent people to mobilize guerrillas to accept the adaptation.
The Red Army guerrillas believed that cooperation with the Kuomintang to fight against Japan was equivalent to surrendering to the Kuomintang. They did not believe in the people sent by Xiang Ying and Chen Yi, and even regarded them as traitors.
In this case, in less than three months, An Minglou, Guan Ying, Lin Meijin, Cao Shuliang and others were successively killed by guerrillas. Moreover, the Hunan-Jiangxi border guerrillas led by Tan Yubao also insisted on fighting in the Anfu area, which had a negative impact on the negotiations between Chen Yi and the Kuomintang.
"The Communist Party said it would be a ceasefire, but there was still war here." The Kuomintang took this opportunity to send troops to "encircle and suppress" the Hunan-Jiangxi border guerrillas.
In order to keep this team, Comrade Chen Yi expressed his intention to go to the Hunan-Jiangxi border area in person to mobilize them. Holding Xiang Ying's letter of introduction, Chen Yi set out for Jiulong Mountain.
However, before seeing Tan Yubao, Chen Yi was arrested by two guerrillas and brought to the mountain.
In a broken straw shed on the hillside, Duan Huanjing, commander of the Hunan-Jiangxi Guerrilla Detachment, and Liu Peishan, political commissar, looked at Chen Yi's letter of introduction, feeling very embarrassed. The two decided to meet Chen Yi first.
Chen Yi was very excited when he saw the two of them and made his point of expression: "I am the party representative Chen Yi. Today is here to convey the instructions of the Party Central Committee to you."
Liu Peishan spread a Kuomintang newspaper and said, "Look, Chen Yi, the leader of the Youshan Communist Party, surrendered!" Duan Huanjing shouted angrily: "Traitor! Say, what do you want to do when you come here?"
"Traitor? Guo Do you believe the newspapers of the Democratic Party? In May, they also posted on the newspaper and said that I was dead! Did you read it? "
Liu Peishan quickly changed the topic: "Tell me, how do the enemy plan to attack us?"
" Comrade, it is no longer the Soviet movement period, and Japan is invading us now..." Chen Yi lit a cigarette and talked about the current national anti-Japanese situation. Duan Huanjing and Liu Peishan were very impressed, but when they mentioned the adaptation, they immediately refused: "We have to listen to the instructions of the provincial party committee and Chairman Tan."
Chen Yi asked, "Chairman Tan Yubao is Comrade Tan Yubao? Is this time the main thing I came to find him. Please send someone to take me to find him as soon as possible."
Chen Yi probably never dreamed that as soon as he arrived at the temporary provincial party committee station of Hunan and Jiangxi, he was tied up and hung outside the bamboo shed by a lobbyist who was regarded as a Kuomintang. In the shed, Tan Yubao and others are studying how to deal with him. Thinking of the serious harm caused to the troops by the traitor, everyone advocated killing him simply.
Chen Yi could hear it clearly outside, and he shouted, "Can't kill! Can't kill! If you kill me, you will make a big mistake!"
The next day, the provincial party committee held a public trial meeting in a forest. Chen Yi was taken up like a prisoner. There were hundreds of people sitting in the open space, each looking at him hostilely.
"I am the representative of the Party Central Committee branch, let go!" Chen Yiyi said sternly.
I don’t know who said in the crowd: “I’m shameless to be a traitor!”
“I’m not a traitor!” Chen Yi said angrily: “I want to talk to Comrade Tan Yubao.”
“Who is a comrade with you? Don’t talk nonsense, what do you want to do when you come here?” Tan Yubao took off his sunglasses and asked.
"I was assigned by the Party Central Committee and Comrade Xiang Ying to convey the central decision. The situation has changed a lot now. We must cooperate with the Kuomintang to fight against Japan. Comrade Tan Yubao, you must take the overall situation into consideration and believe in the organization." Chen Yi said.
"Quote, I'm going to shoot you!" Tan Yubao raised the cigarette pot in his hand and smashed it at Chen Yi's head. Chen Yi tilted his head and the cigarette pot fell on his shoulder. Chen Yi couldn't hold back his anger after knocking this. He said: "Tan Yubao, you want to scare me with the shooting. Tell you, if I, Chen Yi, would not come out to make a revolution if I was afraid of death! What I said was the decision of the Party Central Committee. If you don't believe it, you can go to Yan'an, , Nanchang , and , Ji'an to investigate. If you are still a Communist Party member, you can't shoot me today!"
Chen Yi's call shocked Tan Yubao. "This traitor is quite tough!" Tan Yubao shouted loudly: "Take it away!"
Since Red Army main force Long March , the guerrillas have been disconnected from the superior party organization and have been fighting with the enemy in the deep mountains and forests. No one knows what changes have happened outside. If Chen Yi is really a special envoy of the party... After calming down, Tan Yubao talked with Chen Yi several times, and finally decided to send Liu Quan to the Ji'an New Fourth Army Communications Office for investigation.
Soon, Liu Quan came back with a official letter proving Chen Yi's identity and a policy document from the Party Central Committee. After reading the documents, Tan Yubao personally relaxed Chen Yi and said guiltily: "I am too reckless and almost delayed the big thing!"
Later, the guerrillas of the Hunan-Jiangxi border successfully accepted the adaptation and, under the leadership of Chen Yi, went to the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War.
Marshal Chen Yi wrote "Don't stretch your hand"
"Don't stretch your hand, you will be caught if you stretch your hand." This is a poem from Chen Yi's "Writes and Thoughts". To this day, these poems still have a strong shocking effect.
1953, with the victory of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea and the recovery of the national economy, the focus of the work of the Communist Party of China changed from war to economic construction. However, it was at this historic moment that the Gaogang and Rao Shushi incident occurred.
One night in December, Mao Zedong summoned Chen Yi. This time, he came to talk about Gao and Rao. The most important issue here is the appointment of the chairman of the East China Military and Political Committee.
Chen Yi reported the matter of pushing Rao Shushi to this position to Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong humorously and profoundly warned Chen Yi: "Don't be cold", don't lose your sense of sensitivity, and pay attention to all illegal behaviors.
said again: "You are wrong to give in. Modesty is not necessarily a good thing. Ambitioners will not give in. Giving to him is not good for our party."
Then, Chen Yi, along with Peng Dehuai, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Ye Jianying, etc., was summoned to Mao Zedong to discuss the issues of Gao and Rao, and participated in the Central Political Bureau meeting on January 12, 1954.
After Mao Zedong arranged the struggle against Gao and Rao, he left Beijing. The Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing on February 6. Under the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi gave a political report at the plenary session. Chen Yi also made good preparations in his speech and explained the intra-party struggle caused by the "Gao and Rao" incident.
On March 14, Mao Zedong arrived in Wuxi . Chen Yi was attending the meeting of the Shandong Branch in Jinan at that time. After hearing the news, he immediately rushed to Wuxi to greet him. On the same day, he took Mao Zedong to the Taihu Sanatorium.
In March, the south of the Yangtze River is full of spring. Accompanied by Chen Yi, Mao Zedong went to Taihu to watch the sunrise early the next morning. After returning, Mao Zedong invited Chen Yi to have a conversation again.
In this conversation, Chen Yi was deeply impressed by what Mao Zedong said, "It is not just about high or raucous."On April 26, Mao Zedong held a central meeting at the Yinian Hall in Zhongnanhai, and Chen Yi attended the meeting. Mao Zedong mentioned this issue again at the meeting.
After Chen Yi returned to Nanjing, his emotions could not calm down for a long time. He picked up his pen and wrote "Don't stretch his hand", which can be said to be a response and oath to Mao Zedong's "that it is not just Gao and Rao". His political stance is quite clear.
On June 22 of the same year, Mao Zedong once again invited Chen Yi to the Yuquanshan villa in Beijing for dinner and discuss work. When Chen Yi said goodbye, Mao Zedong said meaningfully: "The road is far away and the horsepower is seen, and people's hearts are seen over time."
4 days later, at noon one day, Mao Zedong called Chen Yi again and asked him to go to the Yuquanshan villa, and Chen Yi drove there immediately. Chen Yi expressed his hope to go to the Marxist-Leninist Academy to engage in theoretical work. After hearing this, Mao Zedong shook his head and told Chen Yi directly: "No, I hope you and Comrade Zhenlin will work in the central government this winter."
Conclusion
After the founding of New China, Chen Yi held several positions and gradually transferred his energy to government construction, economic construction and diplomatic work. In 1970, Chen Yi suffered from cancer, but because of the persecution of Lin Biao and others, he finally died of illness in Beijing at 11:55 on January 6, 1972.
After Chen Yi passed away, Mao Zedong attended the memorial service while he was ill. He held Zhang Qian's hand and said, "Comrade Chen Yi is a good comrade!"
Chen Yi, one of the founders and leaders of the People's Liberation Army of China, Hanger Marson of the People's Republic of China, started step by step as a grassroots commander in his military career for more than 40 years, and finally became a great proletarian revolutionary, military strategist, and diplomat.
References
- edited by Yuan Dejin. Marshal Chen Yi [M]. Chengdu: Sichuan People's Publishing House, 2009.04.
- Zhao Xuefa. Taishan Culture Essay 。 [M]. Changchun: Jilin People's Publishing House, 2016.04.
