Legend of the First Generation Zhang Xueliang has three adjutants, each of whom is an elite among the elites, who accompanied him through the difficult years of his life.
In that cold winter of 1936, Zhang Xueliang was imprisoned by Chiang Kai-shek. Since then, he has bid farewell to the historical stage and left more than 200,000 Northeast Army. Later, these Northeast Army were incorporated by Chiang Kai-shek, and many people were unwilling to be controlled and ran away one after another, including Zhang Xueliang's three adjutants.
A was originally the youngest regiment commander of the Northeast Army. Later, after resolutely resisting Japan, he became the founding lieutenant general; a member of the founding liberation of Hainan in one fell swoop and became the founding major general. The last one was the only founding general among them, the highest rank among the generals of the Northeast Army, and at the age of 106 he lived a life longer than Zhang Xueliang.
Their lives can only be described in the word "legend". By understanding their stories, you can get a glimpse of that extraordinary era.
double-number general became famous in one battle
He was born in Jilin and studied at Fengtian No. 3 High School in his early years. He was in the same class as Zhang Xueliang's younger brother Zhang Xueming . With excellent academic performance, after finishing high school, he turned to Japan to study and then successfully entered the 20th infantry department of the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer School.
But the school has an unwritten rule that every student must join the 6th Regiment of the Japanese Third Division before entering the school. After hearing this news, Xie Fang left the team angrily and wanted to drop out of school, but he was unwilling to join the Japanese army.
After Zhang Xueliang learned of this news, he immediately recommended him to the school, so that Xie Fang could continue his studies.
After returning from school, Zhang Xueliang immediately welcomed him. He also joined the Northeast Army and became the captain of the Tianjin Security Corps. On November 8, 1931, the " Tianjin Incident " occurred, and Jie Fang and other captains of the public security bureau fought against the violent elements. Although
has achieved results, the angry and embarrassed Japan demanded that Jie Fang and others be removed from office, because it hindered their official duties. Under pressure, the Tianjin government chose to compromise, and Jie Fang was forced to take a leave.
After he learned about the Communist Party by chance, he began to secretly engage in party affairs in the Northeast Army for many years, and naturally became a section chief of the 51st Army of the Northeast Army. During his tenure, he came to Zhang Xueliang by someone's recommendation. At that time, the Red Army was suppressed by the Kuomintang for a long time.
Xie Fang also used reason and moved him with emotion, and persuaded Zhang Xueliang to be unanimous to the outside world. Seeing that Zhang Xueliang's attitude had loosened, he persuaded him directly or indirectly for several consecutive days.
After the Xi'an Incident , he realized that the situation had changed, so he made public his identity and served the party wholeheartedly.
After learning about this, Chairman Mao Zedong said to him happily: Since you have been home now and have been liberated, why not just call it liberated.
was just a joke, but he thought it made sense, and took it seriously and changed his name to "Xie Fang".
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as director of the Third Bureau of the Intelligence Department of the Central Military Commission and other positions, making considerable contributions to the construction of the intelligence network. The real thing that made him famous was on the battlefield of Resisting U.S. Aggression and Aiding Korea.
He became famous in the negotiations on the battlefield of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea. Later, he was invited by the Vietnamese President and became a special adviser to Vietnam in the Vietnam-France negotiations.
Chairman Mao said when awarding the medal, "Xie Fang is the first major general of the Republic." Such an honor can be a great honor for a soldier.
After he was old, he began to focus on his hometown, took out part of his monthly salary and donated it to his hometown regularly to build some basic cultural facilities.
He is still strong and will also participate in some diplomatic activities. Unexpectedly, someone will remember his charm on the battlefield. When the US diplomats mentioned him, they would always say that the side was an admirable opponent.
This made Xie Fang feel that his struggle in his glorious years was meaningful. He had many ideas and plans in his mind, but unfortunately, it was:
On April 9, 1984, Xie Fang, who was only 76 years old, left the world due to esophageal cancer.
Although his life has bumps, there are highlights everywhere. Although he has left, his story and his spirit will never lose their glory as time goes by.
abandoned the pen and joined the army to fight against Japan and save the country
0 Wan Yi was born in a poor and destitute Manchu family. When he was a child, he studied books in school for a few days and wrote good handwriting. It was precisely because of this good handwriting that he was appreciated by his brother-in-law Wang Yongjiang and began to live in Fengtian .
This Wang Yongjiang is not simple. He is a celebrity around Zhang Zuolin . How many people want to make a relationship with him can't get his eyes on him.
Wan Yi, with the support of the Northeast Army Officer Training Team Examination in 1925, won the first place among 2,000 people, which made the recommender Zhang Xueliang very happy.
At the graduation ceremony, he also received a watch and command knife personally awarded by Zhang Xueliang. With Zhang Xueliang's appreciation and Wan Yi's real talent and knowledge, he was promoted all the way. Until before the Xi'an Incident, he had become the youngest regiment commander of the Northeast Army.
I thought my future was bright, but 18th Incident allowed him to see everything clearly. The suffering in his hometown made him unbearable. Chiang Kai-shek's stubborn civil war made Wan Yi unable to see hope. So when he was the commander of the 109th Division, he met some Communists, and he deeply agreed.
So he took the brothers in the group to march on the streets, sang the anti-Japanese and national salvation song, and criticized Chiang Kai-shek's concepts. A major, political training , found an opportunity and immediately explained everything to Chiang Kai-shek. After Wan Yi knew about it, he immediately ran to argue with him and slapped the other party in the face impulse.
This incident had a great impact on him. He knew very well that this was no longer his initial yearning, so Wan Yi, after re-defined his ambitions, decisively chose a new path.
But because of his tough personality, many people regard him as a thorn in his eyes. He was imprisoned after the Xi'an Incident and was not released until the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan. But during the battle, his team was abandoned by the organization and was isolated and helpless.
Later in the war in East China, he established a revolutionary friendship with the New Fourth Army, which was recognized by many revolutionary ancestors, and officially became a party member in 1938. But in the subsequent battles, his team was divided into two parts and began to have a tendency to fight in the middle.
After experiencing a series of things, Chiang Kai-shek even wanted to execute him secretly, but Yu Xuezhong was evaded. Later, with the help of the Eighth Route Army, he successfully escaped from prison and continued to fight against the Japanese army.
In the battles, Wan Yi and his troops grew up and became more calm and composed. They were no longer a second-class private, but a senior general of our army. No matter which team he goes to, he can mobilize the soldiers' emotions and make the soldiers' ambitions soar.
In the battle between Siping and the ending of Siping, the troops he led became the "fist force", and with the mutual cooperation of the team, the situation in the entire Northeast has improved.
After the war ended, Wan Yi did not get idle, but began to study national defense technology, and devoted a lot of effort to it. He was called the "meanor of the modernization of national defense technology." In 1955, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general and was the only lieutenant general in the Manchu tribe.
In 1985, Wan Yi quit his job and left a poem at the farewell party: The sweetness of spring mud and the protection of flowers, demonstrating the birth of a new generation of outstanding talents he hoped for.
In 1997, a generation of lieutenant general died in Beijing at the age of 90.
There were too many ups and downs and downs in his life, but the only thing that remains unchanged is the belief in his heart. As long as the belief has not changed, it would be fine even if the journey is bumpy.
changed his name and determined to serve the country
On January 4, 1905, Lu Zhengcao was born in Hou Village, Tangwangshan, Haicheng County. The environment at that time might die at any time. So in order to ensure the safety of the child, Lu Zhengcao's mother hid him in the pile of firewood and hay when giving birth to him, so that she could save her life.
The name "Zhengcao" actually has a unique meaning. In fact, at the beginning, the teacher in the school named him "Zhengyan".
But everyone in his hometown hated the Japanese. In order not to forget his hatred, he changed his name to "Zheng Cao", hoping that he could train himself well and then fight against those Japanese invaders.
In the blink of an eye, Lu Zhengcao grew up day by day, but the war continued, so the 17-year-old boy with his dream decided to go out to explore the outside world. He had a distant relative who worked as a military doctor under Zhang Xueliang's subordinates. According to the relative's description, Zhang Xueliang formed a new army to value those young people with ambition and culture.
Lu Zhengcao listened to the wonderful and colorful world outside and the ambition and ideal of serving the country loyally, a raging flame ignited in his heart, so he joined the Northeast Army with a strong ambition to serve the country.
At the beginning, he worked in the Second Brigade, but he was injured on the battlefield and was immediately sent to the Medical University in Shenyang for treatment.
Because I have studied a little book, I can write a beautiful small calligraphy , and Lu Zhengcao got Zhang Xueliang's attention. With his recommendation, in the spring of 1925, Lu Zhengcao was admitted to the Northeast Military Academy to study and study. After graduating in the fall of the same year, he was named and appointed as the battalion commander of the recruit battalion.
Lu Zhengcao participated in every war with passion. He always thought that he was fighting the Japanese devils, but who would have thought that these wars were just melee between warlords. The general he had always admired was punished for expressing his dissatisfaction, which made Lu Zhengcao feel that there was no intention to continue fighting. He decisively left the army and returned to his hometown.
But he never thought that the belief that could not be realized for a long time in his heart was realized in Xi'an.
1931, the "September 18th" Incident in broke out. Lu Zhengcao and the soldiers of the Northeast Army were extremely dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's policy of not resisting and strongly demanded to resist Japan and defend their hometown. However, the political situation suddenly changed, and Lu Zhengcao's career received a big blow. He had no way to defend his hometown. He could only watch the Japanese bully his fellow villagers. Such pain made Lu Zhengcao unable to let go.
In October 1936, Lu Zhengcao came to Xi'an under the order of Zhang Xueliang. On December 12, the "Xi'an Incident" broke out. During this period, Lu Zhengcao had a lot of contact with the Communist Party of China delegation, met Zhou Enlai and some accompanying people, and was familiar with many of them.
also gained a deeper understanding of the Communist Party of China. He determined his ambition and solemnly made a request to the organization to join the party.
On December 25, Zhang Xueliang proposed to accompany Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing. Seven days later, Zhang Xueliang disappeared. Lu Zhengcao took the opportunity to leave Xi'an and returned to the Xushui regiment headquarters in Hebei, and took control of the troops. Don’t underestimate this army. It will become the backbone of the anti-Japanese forces in the future, and Lu Zhengcao has finally found his ideals and beliefs.
anti-Japanese generals were intimidating China
On July 7, 1937, the " July 7 Incident " broke out, and the Japanese army invaded China in an all-out manner. At this critical moment of survival and death, Lu Zhengcao and his subordinates stayed. They did not do anything else, but just to protect the safety of the people.
In the battle of Meihua Town, Lu Zhengcao refused to retreat, but instead stayed in the third battalion to support the trapped first battalion. After this fierce battle, many soldiers in the team lost their lives. But this is the greatest victory achieved by the 691st Regiment since the July 7 Incident and the greatest victory achieved by the 53rd Army.
The troops led by Lu Zhengcao broke away from the Kuomintang army on October 14 and became the "People's Self-Defense Army".
Whenever I think back to that night, Lu Zhengcao's heart is always uneasy for a long time. He said to everyone with excitement: "Brothers! What we hold today is not ordinary memories, but memories that determine our future and destiny. Every patriotic soldier has the responsibility to defend his territory and recover lost land."
In repeated wars, he demonstrated his extraordinary military talent with his clear mind and calm judgment and became the "God of War" in the hearts of the people in Hebei. He is also a legendary figure who makes the Japanese frightened when they hear the name.
In order to destroy this base, the Japanese army gathered three divisions and two brigades from May 1, 1942, with about 50,000 troops. There were even tens of thousands of puppet troops, allocating three squadrons of aircraft and dozens of tanks and s, who carried out an unprecedentedly cruel comprehensive sweep of Hebei.
But in this anti-sweeping life, all the Hebei-Central commanders were not afraid of the enemy's threat, and reflected the great spirit of not being afraid of danger and overcoming difficulties.
In one month, a total of 272 battles were fought in all sizes, killing 3,981 Japanese and puppet troops and injuring 7,521 Japanese and puppet troops. Such a record greatly inspired the people's courage to persevere.
Lu Zhengcao has lived on this land in Jizhong for more than ten years. These ten years have been his hardest days, but also his happiest days. His troops and local Baixin had already formed a deep friendship between the military and the people. He had long regarded the place as his second hometown. He had already developed feelings for the people, rivers, villas, fields, and even every grass and tree there.
Not long after, at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Lu Zhengcao was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee.
After the founding of New China, Lu Zhengcao was awarded the title of general and successively served as deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army Railway Corps, deputy minister and minister of the Ministry of Railways, and political commissar of the Railways Corps, and seriously assumed the important task of "building railways and managing railways".
worked hard to build a railway
After the founding of New China, Lu Zhengcao was appointed as the deputy minister of the Ministry of Railways, making important contributions to my country's economic development.
In the 1960s, when the African President of Tanzania visited our country, he hoped that our country could help them build railways. At that time, Premier Zhou Enlai handed over this arduous task to Lu Zhengcao. Listening to Premier Zhou's attention to this matter, Lu Zhengcao immediately said:
"No matter how hard the bones are, we can chew the best team to help them."
Tanzania Railway is 1,860 kilometers long, and a large number of personnel and equipment were invested. It was completed in a full six years. It was also one of the considerable projects in New China at that time.
This matter is very influential internationally, and it was also a very favorable condition for China to return to the United Nations. In fact, Lu Zhengcao didn't think so much at that time, just looked at it with the most common logic, "You help me and I help you", and everyone develops together.
The road is something that countless people rely on for survival and is also one of the important ways for economic development. Lu Zhengcao did his best to do such a large livelihood project and did not dare to be careless at all. Fortunately, his efforts have also paid off. Today, China's railway industry is far ahead of the international market.
The scenery of the elderly is infinitely beautiful
Talking about his achievements in this life, Lu Zhengcao said three things with a smile: playing Japan, managing railways, and playing tennis. He said these words in an understatement.
The first two things were his glorious moments in his career, and playing tennis can be said to be his greatest life hobby. His love for tennis can be said to be unrivaled at that time. He likes to play tennis when he is in the Northeast Army, and this hobby has never stopped in the war.
"You don't know that the threshing court was a great tennis court at that time."
Whenever Lu Zhengcao talks about the field tennis match with the staff around him, he is always particularly excited. He said, "I have won the battle and I have to celebrate it, so let's have a friendly tennis match."During the War of Resistance between Hebei and Central Hebei, as soon as the situation eased, he would draw lines on the open space with the soldiers and play two games.
General Lu Zhengcao still retained the title of Chairman of the Chinese Tennis Association until he was 106 years old. He once said: "My chairman cannot be just a nameless empty shell. "So Beijing International Tennis Center specifically left an office for his usual handling.
He has met with some international tennis players and also strongly encouraged young people to make continuous progress, and like other advantageous projects, he can play confidence and achieve results.
2008, Li Ting and Sun Tiantian won at the Olympics. When the tennis women's doubles gold medal was played, Lu Zhengcao immediately asked the staff to send a telegram to congratulate him. It can be seen that the general's love for tennis is really from the heart.
He did not disappoint the title of the chairman. He played until he was 90 years old and maintained two to three hours of exercise every day. In this way, the staff was persuaded by him, so he was willing to put down his racket. Later, he stopped playing with a ball with his family and the doctor. Lu Zhengcao also smiled and said, "I can't play anymore, so I'll go to present an award to others. "
Lu Zhengcao's later years of life was not just volleyball, he also read books frequently and sometimes played chess. In his words, it was physical and mental activities indispensable.
October 13, 2009 at 14:45, the centenarian also closed his eyes. This is also the passing of the last founding general. A generation has entered history, and an era has left us.
Conclusion:
The hero's journey means the departure of a legendary era.
The children who grew up in the war have been full of honor The generals of their lives are full of stories, and each story is a reflection of history, and it is a mixture of blood and tears.
Whenever people talk about their honor, several old people will always say that they are just survivors of war. If there are no ordinary people, what can they be? In this life, they will never forget the bloody sacrifices of those people.
History will eventually pass away, and times will change. We cannot forget the efforts of every anti-Japanese general, let alone the sacrifices of the people.
References:
- Pan Jiaodi. The famous anti-Japanese general Lu Zhengcao [J]. Archives Time and Space, 2012(7):19-21. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3627.2012.07.006.
- Feng Xiaowei. Records of three major events in Lu Zhengcao's life [J]. Chinese Soul, 2020(9):41-47.
- Zhang Tie. A surprise victory against Japan and struggling to fight with blood-hearted railway - Records of founding general Lu Zhengcao [J]. Lantai World, 2009(23):18-19.
- Lu Zhengcao - the last founding general of the new China [J]. Modern Team, 2009(11):50.
- Huang Jinqi. The legendary life of the 100-year-old general Lu Zhengcao[J]. Century Style, 2008(5):12-14.
