The navy is a technology-intensive and equipment-intensive service, even some inconspicuous small equipment is extraordinary.
So the navy is not something that ordinary countries can afford. Now the navy of the whole system can only be played by China, the United States and other countries.
You may find in some pictures that the U.S. Navy often puts a cover on its head during exercises to expose only the eyes, or wear a goggles where the eyes are.
This headgear is very high-tech, because the fiber made of it is not a normal material, it is made of an aramid material called NOMEX fiber.
Aramid is a polymer fiber of aromatic compounds. The so-called aromatic compound generally means that there is at least one benzene ring in its chemical structure.
We know that the so-called polyethylene and other polymer materials are usually composed of a long chain of carbon chains.
But aramid is polymerized with aromatic compounds, and there are benzene rings connected together in the long chain structure.
The benzene ring is a space structure composed of 6 carbon atoms. The chain formed by it cannot rotate and is much more stable than a single-chain carbon chain.Has a high molecular binding strength.
The fiber made of aramid material is acid and alkali resistant, high temperature resistant, and high strength. It is a very good protective material, but the manufacturing process is complicated, and the cutting process is difficult, and it is very expensive to make protective equipment.
The headgear worn by the crew of the ship is made of such a good material, of course for a reason. This is the experience and lessons learned by Britain and Germany in their wars at sea.
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the contradictions between Britain and Germany were irreconcilable.
British Industrial Revolution early, overseas colonies grabbed more, the country's overall military strength is stronger than Germany.
At that time, Germany's national strength rose, and German scientists were even more remarkable. Riemann, Gauss, , Hilbert, , Einstein, 3, Heisenberg, Planck and so on. If Austria is included, there will be more people, which is basically a peak that human science cannot surpass.
At the same time, a large number of companies such as Bayer Chemie, Siemens and Krupp have become giants in the industrial field. At this time, Germany has become a scientific and industrial power.
When Germany emerged in the early 20th century,The major colonies in the world have been carved up, and Britain and France have benefited the most.
If Germany needs overseas colonies, it must grab them from Britain and France.
To seize overseas colonies requires a powerful navy, but the British navy is still the most powerful in the world. Moreover, the United Kingdom is an island country. Thanks to the warm current of North Atlantic , all ports are excellent ice-free ports, so the British navy has been pressing the German navy.
After Germany becomes stronger, where can I swallow this breath?
On May 31, 1916, Germany sent a decoy fleet as a forward to try to lure part of the main force of the British fleet, and then use all the power of the high seas fleet to encircle and destroy part of the main force of the British fleet. The purpose of the British navy was hit hard.
But the decoy fleet lured out the entire British naval fleet.
Germany's imaginary siege and annihilation became a total decisive battle between the British and German fleets.
So a very large-scale naval battle began in modern history, this is the famous battle of Jutland .
The lineup of the two sides is like this,Germany dispatched 16 battleship , 5 battlecruiser , 6 former dreadnoughts, 11 light cruiser , 61 destroyers, a total of 99 battleships; Britain dispatched 28 battleships, 9 battleships A total of 151 battleships, eight cruisers, 8 armored cruisers , 26 light cruisers, 78 destroyers, 1 mine-laying boat, and 1 seaplane mothership.
The two sides played from May 31 to June 1.
As the final result of the Jutland naval battle, Britain traded a tactical defeat in exchange for a strategic victory. At the cost of losing three battlecruisers, the entire German high seas fleet was blocked in the harbor.
The two sides fired thousands of shells in the naval battle. Although the aiming technology at the time made the hit rate of the shells less than 5%, the large-caliber shells were produced after they hit the warship. The tragic effect promoted the progress of naval damage control and gave birth to many protective equipment.
Jutland naval battle pursued the doctrine of the giant artillery of large ships. The main guns of battleships were all over 300 mm in caliber, and a single shell weighed one ton, which contained hundreds of kilograms of explosives.
This kind of shell exploded after hitting the interior of the warship. The people at the scene must have been killed by the shock wave and shell fragments. But often people who are not there are also hurt.
At that time, the ship’s automation was low,There are many sailors on the ship, and there are one to two thousand people on a warship of more than 30,000 tons.
explosives explode inside a warship, and the released energy is constrained by the ship’s bulkhead and will spread along the internal channels in the form of high-temperature gas.
Many sailors were not killed, but were burned by high-temperature gas on their exposed skin, usually their hands and faces. The face is rich in blood vessels and nerves, and burns can sometimes cause shock.
Although instantaneous burns are not immediately fatal, they will lose the ability to fight and work. This prevents the injured from performing even simple tasks, such as operating watertight hatches and opening fire water valves, which often cause extremely serious collateral consequences.
During the Battle of Jutland, the British fleet used to keep the fire door between the turret and the ammunition room open all the time in order to pursue the firing speed of shells. As a result, after the turret was hit, the high-temperature gas rushed through the fire door to the ammunition room below, igniting the propellant.
After being burned by high-temperature gas, the personnel in the ammunition room lost their fire fighting ability and could not open the watertight hatch to escape. They could only watch the explosion in the ammunition room.
Therefore, After the Battle of Jutland, the British army was generally equipped with masks and gloves to protect the head, neck, face and hands from short-term flame exposure and high temperature.
Initially, this kind of personal protective equipment was made of canvas soaked in boric acid solution, and later changed to NOMEX fiber material.
NOMEX is DuPont of the United States. is a aramid material developed in the 1960s. It is generally called Nomex fiber or aramid 1313 in China.
Aramid 1313 has 5-6 times the strength of steel wire, 2~3 times the elastic modulus, twice the toughness of steel, and does not decompose or melt at a temperature of more than 500 degrees.
In the past, the production technology of aramid 1313 was blocked by Western countries, the import was very expensive, and it was easy to be cut off by the neck during the war.
Now China can mass-produce aramid 1313, and the fire-resistant masks and gloves made with it have officially entered the personal equipment sequence of the Chinese Navy.
Aramid 1313 is super wear-resistant, can withstand washing, and can be used repeatedly, so it can also be worn during exercises.
Although personal fire protection equipment looks inconspicuous, it represents that the Chinese navy has reached the level of the U.S. Navy in terms of overall equipment and personal protection. The U.S. Navy also stated in the latest report that the Chinese Navy is on par.
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