[Source: State Grid Sanming Electric Power]
When the first light lit up on the banks of the Shaxi River, Sanming From then on, we entered the history of electricity. This green mountain city with "history everywhere and culture step by step" began to be lit by lights. precious photos and yellow paper gathered into a ray of light to travel through time and space, traveling through the years, recording one historical moment after another of Sanming's power industry, recreating the spirit of generations of Ming Dianren, let us remember these moments and listen to that dusty story together...
History of Sanming's power industry development
Sanming, located in the northwest of Fujian Province, the natural outline is "eight mountains, one water and one branch of fields". Historically, there was no administrative division system at the prefecture level in Sanming. The place name "Sanming" was named in 1956 after the merger of Sanyuan and Mingxi counties. In the early days of the founding of the Republic, Fujian opened the curtain for the construction of heavy industrial bases. Sanming, in the middle of Fujian, was established in the city in time, and then the administrative divisions continued to expand. Sanming is the core area of the Central Soviet Area and one of the four starting places for the Long March of the Central Red Army. It is also an area where Fujian became a "national forest city" earlier, and enjoys the reputation of "China's Green Capital".
At the beginning of the 20th century, a light lit up in a small town in northwest Fujian, which cut through the quiet night of this small town and opened up the electric history of Sanming. However, no one expected that Sanming's development history of power industry was unveiled by an American. Now, let us follow the time tunnel from the beginning of the last century to pursue those rays of electricity.
After the Opium War , the Qing government signed a series of unequal treaties with imperialism. At that time, in order to preach and preach, churches in Western countries established a large number of church hospitals across the country. With the introduction of Western religions and culture into China, an American missionary named Su Jacob also came to Yong'an in Sanming. In 1918, he went from Nanping to Yong'an to serve as the director and physician of the Christian Church Hospital. During his time in Yong, Su Jacob worked diligently and practiced medical sermons with great care. He did a lot of work in introducing Western medicine and nursing talents and hospital management, and made great contributions to the development of Yong'an Hospital. However, what is unknown is that he once wrote a lot of ideas in the history of Sanming's electricity.
1921, Su Jacob brought back a large amount of water conservancy and electricity information from the United States. Determined to build a hydropower station in Yong'an, he used his spare time to travel around and discuss with local garrisons and major industrial and commercial owners to raise funds to establish Power Company . Finally, with his efforts, Yong'an Zhaoming Hydropower Co., Ltd. was established in 1924, and the first small hydropower station in northwest Fujian was built in Baxi Water Dipper outside the south gate of Yong'an County. The installed capacity of the power station was 25 kilowatts, and power was sent to the city at a voltage of 480 volts, and then reduced to 110 volts for users to use. Although there are small hydropower stations, not everyone can use electricity. Due to the limited electricity generated by hydropower stations and high electricity prices, they can only barely supply some shops and some wealthier residents in Chengguan, while the vast majority of poor residents and farmers still live a life of pine firewood lighting.
It was in 1924 that a business person from Shaxian - Pan Yiming also turned his attention to the power industry. The establishment of Shaxian Commercial Office Co., Ltd. Electric Lighting Company has added a strong mark to the development history of Sanming's power industry.
Shaxian power industry pioneer Pan Yiming
Pan Yiming, whose courtesy name is Lixun, was known as Mingfa. His ancestors were originally from Nan'an . Later, they moved to Changle and settled in Shaxian around 1840. Pan Yiming made a living by carrying cargo at the age of 15, and entered the business world by the tea business at the age of 20. Around 1895, Mingfa South Store was opened in Sha County, and around 1903, Jinyu Mingzhuang was opened in Fuzhou, specializing in Shuangfeng trademark tea. In 1914, due to the inaccessibility of in the First World War, a large number of tea stockpiles were stockpiled and unsalable. After the vital energy was severely damaged, Jin Yumingzhuang switched to businesses such as wood and dried bamboo shoots. The wood and dried bamboo shoots from Shaxian and Yong'an area organized by Jin Yuming Village arrived in Fuzhou through Shaxi, re-entered in Shanghai, Tianjin and other places, and sold to Southeast Asian countries. The dried bamboo shoots were also exhibited at the Paris International Expo and enjoyed a certain reputation at home and abroad.
Pan Yiming is doing business outside all year round and has a wide range of knowledge. He is good at accepting new things, and in the process of wandering around the big cities, he saw great potential in the power industry. In 1924, Pan Yiming Jigu established Shaxian Commercial Office Co., Ltd., purchased a 23-kilowatt thermal generator from Germany, and founded the earliest power industry in Shaxian.
1927 The electric lamp company and Pan Yiming's dictionary forum
1926, Cheng Sihai, director of the Lu Department's Left-behind Office, founded the Chengxiang Electric Optical Factory in Youxi County , which generates power for government agencies, several large stores and a few residents' lighting. In order to protect this "sky fire", in 1929, the power plant was renamed Xinmin Rice Milling Factory as a cover, providing power and lighting at night, and grinding rice during the day.
However, in that era of turbulent situation, warlord separatism and smoke, Sanming Electric could only move forward in twists and turns. By Before , there were electricity in only three counties in the region. Among them, the Yong'an Baxi Hydropower Station was forced to go bankrupt due to the large amount of electricity used by the Kuomintang's "suppression of the Communist Party" troops stationed in the county and refused to pay electricity bills.
On July 7, 1937, after the Lugou Bridge Incident, , the Japanese war of aggression against China broke out in full swing. On November 20, Nanjing National Government announced that it would move the capital today, and the Kuomintang provincial governments in strategic frontier provinces such as coastal and riverside have withdrew from their original provincial capital cities and moved to remote towns and remote mountainous areas. "The township office with the handheld district office with the , and the cart pushes the county government" became the landscape of the local government in the occupied areas. In May 1938, the Japanese army invaded the coastal areas of Fujian, and Xiamen , fell. In July, the Kuomintang Fujian Provincial Government decided to move to Yong'an from Fuzhou.
In 1938, more than 4,000 bamboo shoots transported to Shanghai were used by the Kuomintang troops stationed in Fuzhou to fill the Wuhukou waterway to prevent Japanese warships from invading. Tens of thousands of yuan of capital were destroyed, and Pan Yiming never recovered from then on. On November 26, the commercial electric light company established by Pan Yiming also closed down due to poor management and business failure. In the end, Pan Yiming sold the electric light company to the Provincial Public Utilities Administration Bureau by signing a sales contract, and renamed it to the Shaxian Power Plant of the Fujian Public Utilities Administration Bureau.
1938 In 1938, Pan Yiming sold the electric lamp company to the Provincial Public Utilities Administration for sale and sale contract
Since Yong'an became the temporary location of Fujian Provincial Government , many coastal agencies, schools and enterprises have also moved to Yong'an, Sanyuan, Shaxian and other places. Commerce, industry, transportation, finance, education, etc. have developed rapidly, generator capacity is limited, and the load is full in an instant, and the development of electricity has become an urgent need. Faced with the economic needs of the long-term war of resistance, in the extremely harsh war environment, in July 1938, the Fujian Provincial Government chose the Guanyin Pavilion, Yong'an Chengguan Bridge, to build a thermal power station for emergency construction, and installed two Sikorda vertical cylinder diesel generators with a capacity of 40 kilowatts each. The factory began to open to the public on the same day. In the same year, Chengyong Optoelectronics Plant was built in Jiangle County, and power was generated by a 12-horsepower charcoal machine with a 15-kilowatt generator.
In October 1939, the Kuomintang Fujian Provincial Government built a 40-horse generator set of 30 kW of coal-fired steam engines near the First Bridge in Yong'an; in November, the installation capacity of the Shaxian power plant of the Fujian Provincial Public Utilities Administration expanded to 60 kW. In February 1940, the first 132-kilowatt unit of the Guikou Hydropower Station of Yong'an Power Plant was completed to generate power; in July of the same year, Sanyuan County also established the Sanyuan Power Plant jointly operated by a 30-horsepower charcoal machine and a 45-kilowatt generator.
1940 The first 132-kilowatt unit of the Guikou Hydropower Station of Yong'an Power Plant was built into power generation
By 1943, Yong'an Power Plant had become a provincial power enterprise with 4 thermal power stations and 1 Guikou Hydropower Station in the province at that time. The total installed capacity of thermal power is 204.5 kilowatts and the total installed capacity of hydropower is 264 kilowatts. The power generated is supplied to Yong'an urban area and Jishan users, with an average electricity consumption level of 4.94 kilowatt hours. In 1944, Datian County also set up the 10-kilowatt Jingguikeng Hydropower Station. This was the heyday of the Sanming area's electricity distribution during the Republic of China. By 1945, the total installed capacity reached 651 kilowatts and was distributed in 6 counties.
Guikou Power Station Unit Duty Photos
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Later, as the Kuomintang reactionaries launched a civil war in , the economy collapsed and the people were in trouble, the electricity industry in the whole region was declining. The power plants such as Shaxian, Sanyuan, , Datian , etc. have been closed one after another; one unit in the Guikou Power Station of Yong'an Power Plant was damaged and unable to repair it, and only one unit left barely generates power. By 1949, only four power plants, including Yong'an, Youxi , Jiangle , and Xinkou, were left, with a total installed capacity of only 179 kilowatts.
From its beginning to its prototype, Sanming's power industry has been struggling. But the sparks, lightning starts, and the afterglow left after the war will surely become a spark. With the dawn of New China, riding on the east wind of reform and opening up, it will continue to gather and grow, and will eventually form a prairie fire, illuminating every corner of the mountain city.
Developing Sanming
Sanming New City Night View
Contribute thanks:
Text Qiu Yingwei
Photos Lin Wenbin
Other pictures are from historical information
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