National Day
Speaking of our country's National Day, everyone knows it is October 1st. Do you know the origin of National Day ? The ceremony held in Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949 was not what everyone thought was the "founding ceremony". What exactly was the origin of the National Day?
The origin of the National Day
October 1, 1949, is the anniversary of the founding of New China . In many people's impression, on October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held at , Beijing Tiananmen Square, , with hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians participating. In fact, this impression in people's minds is not accurate.
Because, the ceremony held in Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949 was The founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China , not the founding ceremony. In fact, the "founding" of , the People's Republic of China, that is, the founding of the People's Republic of China, had already announced a week before on October 1 of that year.
was not called the "founding ceremony" at that time, but was called " Founding Ceremony ". The time is September 21, 1949 . On this day, Mao Zedong, director of the preparatory meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, announced the birth of New China in his opening speech at the first session of the CPPCC.
So what happened to the National Day on October 1st? At the first meeting of the First National Committee of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, Lu Xun's wife, member Xu Guangping, spoke, "Messenger Ma Xulun cannot come for leave. He asked me to say that the founding of the People's Republic of China should have a National Day, so I hope that this association will decide to set October 1 as National Day." Mao Zedong said, "We should make a proposal, suggest to the government, and decide it."
On October 2, 1949, the Central People's Government passed the "Resolution on National Day", which stipulates that October 1 is the National Day, and this day is the day to declare the founding of the People's Republic of China. Since 1950, October 1 of each year has become a grand festival for people of all ethnic groups across the country.
Beijing Tongzhuanyuan Education Group
This day of National Day is a day of celebration for the whole country. The people of the whole country are very happy. It is a major festival of the country, so various activities will be held on this day to let the people of the whole country have a happy festival.
Beijing Tongzhuanyuan Education Group
How much does it know in the World National Day
National Day is the most solemn political festival in a country.
In terms of name, among more than 100 countries in the world, about 40 countries such as China and France are called "National Day" or "National Day"; about 60 countries such as the United States, Mexico, Philippines, Myanmar, , and . Some countries such as Yugoslavia, Zaire, Iceland, and . Some countries such as "Revolutionary Festival" include the former Soviet Union, Albania, Hungary ; some countries such as "Federal Founding Day" include Switzerland; some countries such as "United Day" include Tanzania; some people directly add "Japanese" to the country name, such as "Australia Day" and "Pakistan Day".
In terms of the meaning of date, about 30 countries in the world, including our country, regard the founding day as National Day; some regard the day of the constitutional promulgation as National Day, such as the Federal Republic of Germany; some regard the day of the revolutionary uprising as National Day, such as France; some regard the birthday of the head of state as National Day, such as Japan, Thailand, the Netherlands, Denmark, the United Kingdom and other countries. Interestingly, these countries change the date of National Day with the replacement of kings, emperors or queens.
Beijing Tongzhuanyuan Education Group
Every National Day, all countries must hold different forms of celebration activities to strengthen the patriotic awareness of their people and enhance the cohesion of their country. All countries should also congratulate each other.On the National Day, when it is five or ten, some people need to expand their celebrations. To celebrate the National Day, governments usually hold a National Day reception, with the head of state, head of government or the minister of foreign affairs of , and invite the envoys of various countries and other important foreign guests stationed in the local area to attend. But some countries do not hold receptions, such as the United States and the United Kingdom.
Germany: All continents took turns to celebrate the unification of
Germany's National Day is called "Unification Day", to commemorate the official unification of the East and West Germany, which had been divided for more than 40 years, was officially unified on October 3, 1990. On October 3 last year, nearly one million people from all over Germany gathered in front of the gate of the symbol of German reunification, Brandenburg, to solemnly celebrate the 14th anniversary of reunification.
Beijing Tongzhuanyuan Education Group
According to convention, the state capital where the Speaker of the Federal Senate takes turns to serve as the capital of the state where the Speaker of the Federal Senate is located will automatically become the main venue for the celebration of the Unification Day of that year. Since last year, the mayor of Berlin City was the president of the Federal Senate, the capital Berlin has been the main venue for the celebration of the Unification Day for the first time since the reunification. Last year, the mayor of Berlin and the president of Germany both delivered speeches at the celebration meeting, and German Chancellor Schroeder, Vice Premier and Foreign Minister Fischer, the Speaker of the Bundestag and representatives from various federal states also attended the meeting. However, at the 10th anniversary of the reunification held in Dresden , the capital of Saxony in 2000, former Prime Minister Kohl, the hero of the reunification of the two Germanys, did not show up due to the political donation scandal. Although Berlin was not the main venue that year, 250,000 people still participated in the celebrations held around the Brandenburg Gate and Capitol in the city center.
unified symbol Brandenburger Tor is located at the intersection of Bodhi Street in the center of Berlin and the Avenue on June 17, facing west and east. It is one of the 14 gates of Berlin City that was ordered to be built by King Friedrich William I of 1753, named after Branden, the birthplace of the king's family. After unifying the German Empire, Friedrich William II rebuilt this door in 1788 and completed in 1791. When the Berlin Wall was built in East Germany in August 1961, the Brandenburg Gate, located at the junction of East and West Berlin, became part of the Berlin Wall and was designated as a military restricted area.
UK: The state stipulates "birthday" for the queen
in constitutional monarchy country UK, National Day is set on Queen Elizabeth II 's "birthday" - the second Saturday of June every year. In fact, the Queen was born on April 21. The reason why the British government stipulated such a "birthday" is that it is because the climate in early summer is warmer and pleasant, and there are more sunny days. During the reign of Queen's father George VI (1936-1952), he celebrated his birthday in June, although his actual birthday was December 14. Previously, the two kings, George V , and Edward VIII (reigned from 1910 to 1935 and 1936 respectively) happened to be born in June, so that they could receive the common birthdays of the subjects of the whole country on their actual birthdays.
Beijing Tongzhuan Education Group
Compared with the Independence Day of the United States, the Queen of Britain's birthday inevitably has the meaning of the royal family's "self-privateness". In addition, many people have called for the abolition of the monarchy, so the National Day of the United Kingdom is naturally much lower-key, not as grand and extravagant as the United States.
If calculated by the time of its establishment, England, which was unified in the 10th century AD, completed its merger with Wales , Scottish and Northern Ireland in 1536, 1707 and 1921; the name "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (referred to as the 'United Kingdom')" was adopted in 1927.
The very important part of the Queen's birthday celebration is: to award titles and award medals to celebrities at home and abroad. The list of recipients will be prepared by the government and the royal family and will be announced on the Queen's official birthday. Most of the people on this year's list are still from supporters of the city and national governments, the military, and Labor government policies, 36% of whom are women.The winners of the highest honor title "Knight" are still mostly elites from Oxford and Cambridge schools, with only a few exceptions, such as Anita Roddick, the founder of the cosmetics store "Body Shop". This year, the government claims that the rate of nominees by the public is as high as 52%.
France: The National Day military parade has become a weapon booth
July 14 is the French National Day. On July 14 this year, hundreds of thousands of French people and tourists surrounded the Champs-Elysées in Paris to watch the grand military parade. Despite being fired by far-right assassins last year (luckily not hit), President Chirac is still the same as usual this year, and has been on the Champs-Elysees for the ninth time since he was elected in 1995. The French National Day is called "Bastille Day" to commemorate the Paris people's revolution in capturing the Bastille. However, when the feudal dynasty was restored in 1814, it was declared that this day was "National Shame Day" and "Murderer Festival". It was not until June 1880, 10 years after the republican system was restored that the French parliament officially passed the law, decree that July 14 was designated as National Day.
Bastille Day is the most grand public festival in France, with one day off nationwide. On the eve of the festival, many people hung colorful flags, buildings and public places were also decorated with colorful lanterns and garlands, and street intersections set up open-air stages with red, white and blue curtains. Orchestras played folk pop music on the stage. On the evening of the 13th and 14th, carnival crowds rushed to the streets, with national flag-colored ribbons around their necks, and danced cheerful Camanio dance and other folk dances to the music.
France holds military parades on the Champs Elysees every year. On the morning of July 14, martial law was imposed on the street. The air force fleet flew over the Arc de Triomphe and the military parade began. The fighter jet formation sprayed out three-color smoke screens, like a huge national flag stretching out in the air. When the plane passed over the parade platform of in Concorde Square, the army and navy began to salute the president. At night, over the Arc de Triomphe, bright red, white and blue light columns swaying, reflecting the huge national flag of the door; the lights on the ground and the colorful fireworks in the sky shine together; the sound of firecrackers, music and cheers sounded.
Every year in France, 50 tons of gunpowder are used for the annual Bastille Day celebration, and 1 billion fireworks ; the fireworks cost about $3.5 million in just half an hour, and the cost of the entire festival can be imagined. Compared with the American Independence Day parade, the military color of the French Bastille Day military parade is very strong. A columnist's visit to France in the Sunday edition of the " Washington Post " on September 7 wrote: "We saw the Bastille Day parade on the Champs-Elysées in Paris. Although I had heard in advance what would happen, I was still surprised by what I saw. The French celebrated their "Independence Day" in an extremely militarized way: a series of huge armored weapons such as tanks and s swaying across the streets. This scenario is usually visible in the central squares of certain Asian countries.
Australia: Celebrating the arrival of the first prisoners
On January 26, 1788, Arthur Philip led 11 small boats of the "First Fleet" to arrive at the port of Jackson in Sydney. These ships carried 78 About 1,200 exiled prisoners, the navy and their families. These white men set foot on the land of Australia, and Philip became the first governor.
In the following 80 years, a total of 159,000 British prisoners were exiled to Australia, so this country is also nicknamed "the country created by prisoners". January 26 became the anniversary of the founding of Australia and was also People call it "Australia Day".
Now, on January 26th every year, major cities in Australia hold various large-scale celebrations because this is their most important festival. One of them is the naturalization ceremony: thousands of new citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia collectively swear: "From now on, I swear in the name of God.I will be faithful to Australia and her people, share their democratic beliefs, respect their rights and freedoms, and uphold and abide by Australian laws. "
Of course, people have the right to choose whether to say the oath "in the name of God". Since January 26, 1949, about 3 million people have declared themselves to become Australian citizens in this way. The ferry competition in Jackson Harbour in Sydney is also a reserving program every year, symbolizing the arrival of the first British prisoners. This year, the Australian Day Commission also organized a new program - the Surf Invitational, which is also located in Jackson Harbour in Sydney. Anyone who reaches the level of athletes can sign up for it.
The sixth largest country in the world and the only country with the entire continent. The country's name comes from Latin "Terra australisincognita, meaning the unknown southern continent. It is generally believed that the ancestors of Australian indigenous people began to settle in Australia about 40,000 years ago. The first white man to visit Australia in history was the Portuguese Mandessa. He explored the eastern part of Australian mainland from 1521 to 1532. However, it was not until 1616 that the Dutch began to truly explore Australia, covering about one-third of Australia's land.
1770 On the 29th, British navigator Captain James Cook led the "Effort" sailboat to the Plant Bay on the east coast of Australia, and then headed north along the east coast, raising the British flag on the island of Cape York, Cape York, Cook announced that the entire eastern part of the Australian continent was belonged to King George III. On February 6, 1785, the British government named eastern Australia the "New South Wales Colony" in accordance with the declaration issued by Captain Captain , which began the history of Australian colonization. In recent years, Australia's The National Day event emphasizes the important characteristics of "multi-cultural composition of Australia", that is, residents of all ethnic groups share traditional habits, culture, language and religious beliefs. However, many indigenous people do not think that "Australia Day" is worth celebrating. It was from this day that their ancestors lost their land, culture and social status.
No matter what, Australia is still one of the most successful countries in building an eclectic and multicultural society. This core of Australian values has been deeply rooted in People's hearts.
Japan: The National Day here is quiet
Although Japan has a "founding anniversary" - February 11, because according to legend, Emperor Shinbu unified Japan on this day in 660 BC (formerly known as the first year of the Era, it was abolished after the war and was restored in 1966), Japan's "National Day" is the same as Britain, and it is also the birthday of the constitutional monarch Akihito on December 23, as a national festival.
The traditional practice of the Japanese royal family celebrating the Emperor's birthday is that the emperor and the queen accept congratulations at the palace on that day. As for folk activities, it is hard to say. There are many festivals in Japan, and even companies can set up a company celebration day on their own. The most valued people are New Year's Day and Ullam Club . According to Ms. Aiko Inoue of the Japanese Consulate General in Shanghai, for the Japanese National Day just means a day's holiday, and few people will think of celebrating it; of course, some will also visit the shrine. In 645 AD, Japan carried out great reforms in accordance with the Tang Dynasty's law system and adopted a feudal centralized state system with the Emperor as the absolute monarch. At the end of the 12th century, Japan entered a military feudal country with real power under the samurai class. It was known in history as the " shogunate " period, and the status of the emperor was once threatened. In 1868, after being forcibly opened the country by Western gunboats, the Japanese reformists implemented the " Meiji Restoration ", abolished the feudal separatist Samurai system, established a unified centralized state, restored the emperor's rule, and thus began capitalist reform. After the defeat of World War II , Japan implemented a new constitution in May 1947, transforming from a country with an absolute emperor system to a parliamentary cabinet system with the emperor as the symbol of the country.Today, the emperor is no longer considered a god in Japan, but it is still a symbol of the country. The Emperor's birthday remains the same as a national day.
Argentina : No fireworks are placed to knock on the pot
On May 25, 1810, the " May Revolution " against Spanish rule broke out, overthrew the Governor and established the first government committee. After Argentina's independence on July 9, 1816, May 25 was designated as the "Revolutionary Anniversary of May 1810", which is the National Day.
On May 25 this year, Argentine people, who suffered from the economic crisis of , took to the streets to gather as usual to commemorate their own "May Revolution". Their celebrations feature unique features of the country: delivering speeches, pounding pots and basins, waving flags and slogans, and cursing politicians. Some women were dressed in traditional costumes, shuttled through the crowd to send bananas with blue ribbons that read: "The person who knows everything." According to locals, these bananas alluded to the current government as a "banana government" and were corrupt and incompetent.
At the same time, the current President Duald delivered a speech to the indifferent audience at a routine celebration, and the response was a burst of polite but weak applause. Argentina is known as the "world's granary and meat warehouse" and is the earliest country in South America to become independent. In 1535, Spain established a colonial stronghold here. Because it was discovered that the local Indians were wearing many silver ornaments, the colonists thought that the local silver was rich, so they named it " La Plata " (both "Argentina" means "silver"). In 1776, Spain established the Governor General of La Plata, with Buenos Aires as its capital. In 1812, the Argentinians led a large-scale armed struggle against the Spanish colonial army and finally won victory. Four years later, Argentina officially became independent.
Brazil : Tighten the belt and celebrate the National Day
September 7 is the independence day of Brazil, the largest country in Latin America. In 1822, the Portuguese prince and Brazilian regent Pedro declared Brazil's independence on this day. In the past, every National Day, the capital Brasilia would hold a grand military parade. However, since last year, due to tight military spending, there were neither aircraft formations nor any military equipment displays during the annual National Day military parade. Except for the 4 armored vehicles, , all convoys are composed of police cars and fire trucks. In order to save fuel, the parade replaced the aircraft formation with air force soldiers, and police cars and fire trucks replaced the army military vehicle formation.
Other cities in Brazil also celebrate the National Day in various ways. The rhythmic and unrestrained and enthusiastic national samba dance is naturally indispensable. Brazil has an area of 8.51 million square kilometers, ranking fifth in the world, and does not have the large deserts or permafrost common in ordinary major countries. What nature gives Brazil is dense primeval forests, vast natural pastures and rich underground treasures, which is truly unique. On April 22, 1500, Portuguese navigator Pedro Cabral came to Brazil and named it the "Holy Cross" and declared it owned by Portugal. As colonists cut down mahogany in Brazil, the term "Brazil" gradually replaced the "Holy Cross" and became the name of Brazil and has been used to this day. In the 1630s, Portugal established a colony in Brazil and appointed the first governor in 1549.
When Napoleon invaded Portugal in 807, the Portuguese royal family moved to Brazil. After the Portuguese royal family moved back to Lisbon in 1820, Prince Pedro remained as regent. Two years later, he declared independence and established a new empire. In 1889, the Federative Republic of Brazil was established. In 1891, the country's name was changed to the United States of Brazil, and in 1968, it was changed back to the Federative Republic of Brazil.
