Text/Liu Huoxiong "The cherry blossoms are on the red road, and the willow leaves are green by the pond. At 9:57 am on January 8, 1976, Zhou Enlai died of illness at the 305th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China at the age of 78.

text/Liu Huoxing

"The cherry blossoms are on the red road, and the willow leaves are green by the pond. In the sound of swallows, I miss you for another year." ("Spring Day", Zhou Enlai)

At 9:57 am on January 8, 1976, Zhou Enlai died of illness at the 305th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China at the age of 78. "Take the Prime Minister in a long street for ten miles" is the people's deep mourning and deep remembrance of the Prime Minister of the Republic. Zhou Enlai's image as an outstanding politician, diplomat and military strategist has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. To a certain extent, he can also be said to be a sentimental "poet". Zhou Enlai wrote an inscription for Liu Zhidanling: "Five thousand years, there are thousands of heroes. The hero of the people is Liu Zhidan." Zhang 5 Song Zheyuan Generals' League, Zhou Enlai wrote a profound ancient meaning: "The lost land has not been recovered, the tiger's power shines on the moon of Lugou. Mianyang cannot rise, and the cuckoo cry breaks the spring of Jinjiang River." After the Southern Anhui Incident, Zhou Enlai sadly mourned the people who died in Jiangnan: "The strange injustice of the ages, a leaf in the south of the Yangtze River. Why not fight each other?!"

"The haze is thick" and feels worrying in the world

China has a tradition of "poetry education". Zhou Enlai has been influenced by classic Chinese poems since he was a child. When he was less than half a year old, he adopted his uncle Zhou Yigan. Soon, his father passed away and was carefully raised by his mother Chen. Chen was good at calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. He often taught Zhou Enlai to recognize words, recite Tang poetry, tell historical myths and stories, and carry out enlightenment education. Zhou Enlai "always go around his knees and listen tirelessly all day long." A little older, Zhou Enlai entered the private school and read works such as "Three Character Classic", "Thousand Character Classic", "Child Prodigy", "Book of Songs", "Journey to the West", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", " Dream of the Red Chamber ", and "Mirror Flower Religion", which laid the foundation for the "Boy's Fellowship" of literature.

After that, Zhou Enlai went to Shenyang Dongguan Model School and Tianjin Nankai School to study, and gradually made his mark in "composition". For example, the article "Explanation on the Second Anniversary of Dongguan Model School" was rated as "Class A", and was exhibited at the "Fengtian Provincial Educational Products Exhibition" and was included in books such as "Essence of Chinese Language and Culture Results for Middle School Students" (Published by Shanghai Dadong Book Company). In this article, Zhou Enlai proposed that students should "get fully educated, become great figures, and bear the arduous responsibilities of the country in the future." When he was a teenager, Zhou Enlai established the life ideal of studying "for the rise of China." In addition to extensively studying the "Civil Promise" "-day Evolutionary Theory ", "-Da Kung Pao ", "Minquan Daily" and other books, he initiated the establishment of the "Jingye Group Association" and founded the journal "Jingye". In the first issue of "Jingye" published in October 1914, Zhou Enlai published many poems, including the five-character poem "Occasionally made in Spring" and "One" written: "There is a clear suburb in the green suburbs, and the haze is thick. The Central Plains is competing for deer, and the waves are traversing each other." It reveals the feelings of worrying about the world and the ambition to clarify the jade palace.

"It's chirping, I'm asking for the voice of my friends." Zhou Enlai wrote in his youth, many poems written by his teachers and friends. For example, Zhang Pengxian, the president of the "Jingye Le Group Association", is a classmate of Zhou Enlai at Nankai School. He returned to his hometown of Jilin because he was preparing to study in Japan. In 1916, Zhou Enlai published three poems "Thoughts to Sending Brother Peng to Return to the Home" (signed "Feifei"), including the shared responsibility of "The barbarians should not change, and the morality should not be changed, and the morality should be fought to rest and the shoulders" and the farewell melancholy of "The person will be thousands of miles away in a blink of an eye, and the soul will be lost in a dream." Zhou Enlai also gave Zhang Pengxian a fine porcelain inkstone as a souvenir. The "Jingye Le Group Association" has a poetry group, and Zhang Fengru, a Chinese teacher at Nankai School, joined the poetry group at the invitation of Zhou Enlai and others. In 1916, after reading the newspaper, Zhang Luru was moved by the disputes between the warlords such as , Zhang Xun and , and wrote a poem "Injuring Current Affairs" in the fifth issue of "Jingye". The poem says: "Hope of peace is the best for the country to miss the smoke and clouds. How can the talents of the country be missed? The lonely guest is crying in the world, and the sadness is most afraid of reading news." The same period also published poems by Zhou Enlai and others. His "Shi Yu, the Master "Injuring Current Affairs" Original Rhyme" (signed "Fei Fei") wrote: "The vast continent is full of wind and clouds, and the whole country is so drowsy. The most sad autumn is coming again, and the sound of insects is unbearable to hear it." It is not difficult to see that Zhang Luru and Zhou Enlai both expressed their worries about the current situation of the land in China in their poems.

" Dajiang Song After Turning Back East " Haoqi Ganyun

In June 1917, 19-year-old Zhou Enlai graduated from Nankai School and won the Best Chinese Award, and delivered a speech on behalf of the graduates. "The Tenth Graduation of Nankai School" gave Zhou Enlai many praises, such as "The king is gentle and honest, richest in love, and sincere in friendship. He will do his best for all friends and public welfare matters", "Your family is poor, his situation is the most difficult, his tuition is not good, and he is talented in all difficulties and difficulties"... In September of that year, with the help of his teachers and friends, Zhou Enlai took a ship from Tianjin to Japan to study. Before his trip, he created a passionate seven-character quatrain: "After the song of the big river, he turned around and saved the world from poverty. He has been facing the wall for ten years, and it is difficult to repay the sea and is a hero."

Zhou Enlai traveled east and first went to the East Asia Preparatory School in Kanda District, Tokyo, Japan to study Japanese in order to apply for Tokyo Normal School and Tokyo No. 1 Higher Education School. During his study abroad, Zhou Enlai lived in a difficult life and was often ticked by his landlord for debts, and often relied on his friends to help him. Housework also concerns him. In the "Diary of Travel" on January 8, 1918, Zhou Enlai wrote in the entry "Governance": "I received the family's letter and knew that my eighth uncle had passed away, and I was extremely sad and I didn't know why." The academic progress seems to be unsatisfactory. The diary on January 29 contained the following content: "I think I have been here for more than four months now. I have not made any progress in Japanese. Seeing that the high school entrance examination is coming, I have to stop working hard. Not to mention that there is no hope for (acquisition), even if I am afraid I will be gone. ... Work hard, work hard, and the time will no longer be left for me." When I was lonely and confused, Zhou Enlai "opened the poem written by my mother (that is, the elder mother Chen) I brought, and read it several times. After burning the incense, I sat quietly for a while, and felt very uncomfortable in my heart. The tears couldn't help but shed."

◆This poem was created by Zhou Enlai on the eve of his trip to Japan, expressing his passionate patriotic feelings.

During this period, reading poetry and works became a way for Zhou Enlai to relieve his sorrow and seek sustenance. In the "Study and Study" entry of "Diary of Travel", he recorded many famous quotes by Li Bai, , Bai Juyi, and others, such as "There will be a time to ride the wind and waves, and the sails will be straight across the sea"; "The world will be long and sometimes end, and this hatred will last forever"; "The gray hair is not what I mean, and the ambition is ashamed of the sword."... It is mixed with a few rewritten or original poems, such as "The wind and snow are still not over, and a red sun has risen to the east." Zhou Enlai was particularly obedient to Liang Qichao , and often used his poems to describe himself: "The lonely sword is there, and the lake and sea are single"; "The world is full of things, but the years are not yet over"; "The road ahead is ten thousand mountains, and I turn around and ignore my east." In the diary on January 23, 1918, Zhou Enlai expressed his ambition of "I have no extraordinary achievements in life, and I swear to return it to God with only seven feet." "In the evening, I picked up the collection of Liang Rengong . I read the poem "Ten years later, I will think of me, and the whole country is still crazy and want to talk to. Who is the world crazy? The world is endless and the sea and the sky are vast and long. My tears are about to come down. Suddenly, I thought of the time when Rengong wrote this poem, but I was only twenty-seven or eight years old. I am now 19 years old and have accomplished nothing. I have not yet obtained my studies, but I am really ashamed of my predecessors."

In March 1919, Zhou Enlai decided to return to China to study after learning that Nankai School would establish the university department. Before leaving, he wrote the old poem "Song of the Great River, Turning Back to the East" and gave it to Zhang Honggao, a middle school classmate who lived in Japan. "Stay for the sake of farewell to memorize my faults, and I am also determined to monitor myself." At the same time, Zhou Enlai gave his beloved Liang Qichao's poem "Self-Encouragement" to his former friend Wang Pushan. Later, Zhou Enlai also wrote Yue Fei's " Manjianghong " to his uncle Wang Ziyu.

"Sakura Poetry" and Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations

In addition to old-style poetry, Zhou Enlai made some attempts in modern poetry creation. Around the Qingming Festival in April 1919, Zhou Enlai stopped in Kyoto on his way back. Wherever he was in his life, he wrote vernacular poems "Traveling to Kyoto, Japan, , Yasuoshan Park in the Rain" "Hanshan Park in Kyoto, Japan - Kyoto, Japan", "Arasuoshan after the Rain" and "Four Tours to Kyoto, Four Times". Japan is known as the "country of cherry blossoms". Because of its short flowering period, there is a folk proverb called "seven days of cherry blossoms".Zhou Enlai mentioned "cherry blossoms" many times in his poem: "The cherry blossoms are brilliant in the garden"; "The clump of cherry blossoms are surrounded by the green greens, with a delicate and delicate red, which makes people intoxicated"; "The 'fallen flowers' are colorful' all over the mountains and valleys, and only green branches and green leaves are left on the trees. Where can I find the 'red and delicate 'cherry'?"... These poems, although they are a little plain now, they also portray the instantaneous beauty of cherry blossoms, which is in line with the "mysterious and sad" purpose of Japanese culture, and are also a portrayal of the author's mood at that time: "I think the success or failure of the world is an objective phenomenon, and I have never bloomed the fragrant grass and spring flowers, and the beauty of nature is unhindered by the heart."

◆In order to commemorate Zhou Enlai, in March 1979, Japanese friendly people and groups engraved the poem "Arashiyama in the Rain - Kyoto, Japan" written by Zhou Enlai during his stay in Japan into a commemorative stone tablet and placed it in Kameyama Park, Arashiyama, Kyoto, Japan. More than 0 years later, "Sakura" has left many marks in Zhou Enlai's political and diplomatic career. In the 1970s, Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations were normalized. When Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka visited China, he presented 1,000 Dashan cherry trees and 1,000 Japanese Tang pine seedlings to the Chinese people. More than 800 cherry trees remained in Beijing and were planted in Xihua Hall , Yuyuantan , Botanical Garden, Taoranting , etc., and others were given to Wuhan University and other places. Kakuei Tanaka later presented 1,000 cherry trees to China, planted them in Huaian, Jiangsu, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and Meiyuan, Nanjing, where Zhou Enlai's footprints were once left in order to witness China-Japan friendship. When Zhou Enlai was seriously ill in his later years, he once told his visiting Japanese friend Ikeda Daisaku : "I left Japan during the season when the cherry blossoms are in full bloom..." At the suggestion of Ikeda Daisaku, cherry blossom trees named Zhou Enlai and his wife were specially planted in the Chuangsheng University he founded, which has become a campus scene. Dasao Ikeda also wrote a long poem "Sakura Fruit" "given to Ms. Deng Yingchao": "Spring returns to the earth, the scenery is bright. The western suburbs of Tokyo are creating a large campus. The cherry blossoms are full of fate...." In the Japanese Arashiyama cherry blossom forest, there is now a stele of Premier Zhou Enlai's poem, which is engraved with "Arashiyama in the Rain - Kyoto in Japan". The poem was written by Liao Chengzhi, who was once the president of the China-Japan Friendship Association. Deng Yingchao was invited to unveil, "I want to see the Japanese cherry blossoms that the Prime Minister loves."

"Looking to bring "Three Hundred Tang Poems" and "Bai Xiang Ci Pu""

Zhou Enlai returned to China shortly after the May Fourth Movement broke out. He interacted frequently with the Tianjin Student Federation and was immediately invited to edit the "Tianjin Student Federation Newspaper". Zhou Enlai said that he returned to China to participate in the struggle to save the country, and he had no choice but to do so. The first issue of the Tianjin Student Federation Daily published the editorial "Reform and Innovative" drafted by Zhou Enlai, proposing to transform society and ideas. Previously, Zhou Enlai refused the invitation of Deng Jiemin, the principal of Harbin Donghua School, to keep him as a teacher, and finally joined the tide of the times, and then planned to build the Enlightenment Society with Deng Yingchao and others. In December 1919, Zhou Enlai created the modern poem "The Enjoyment of the Dead", exposing and criticizing social inequality. The so-called "living together" is nothing more than "the labor of the living! The Enjoyment of the Dead!" In the early 1920s, Zhou Enlai wrote another vernacular poem "Farewell to Li Yuru and Show My Brother", "Farewell to Life and Death", and "Red Light Declaration", either giving farewell, mourning the murder of a dead friend by a warlord, or expressing his aspirations, and his emotions were abundant: "It's already late at night, the sky is about to dawn, and the red light flashed in the east. ... Get up, get up, get up, my friends!"

Currently, Zhou Enlai's public poems are mainly concentrated in his teenage years, with less than 20 poems. While the army was in trouble, Zhou Enlai's "poetic feelings" were not gone. In the 1940s, Zhou Enlai wrote a letter to his wife Deng Yingchao, and he specifically instructed him to "bring "Three Hundred Tang Poems" and "Bai Xiang Ci Pu"". "Baixiang Ci Pu" was compiled by the Qing Dynasty poet Shu Menglan (name Baixiang), and is known as the "first book for learning Ci". In Zhou Enlai's letter to Deng Yingchao, there is also a record of "Super porridge with ham to satisfy your hunger. Read several Tang poems after dinner, and eat one orange..." He also confided to Deng Yingchao: "...After 18 years of marriage, he has a close friend and a beloved wife.Ruoyun and his wife are ashamed of my failure to match! "

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai's governance of the country was also paying attention to his poetry and works. On January 9, 1954, Zhou Enlai went to Zhongshan Park to visit the exhibition of Xu Beihong's works. When he saw Xu Beihong's poem "Her eyebrows were cold and pointed at thousands of people, and he was willing to be a ox for children", he told Xu Beihong's wife Liao Jingwen that Xu Beihong had this spirit, and He reminded the latter to print this poem on the title page when publishing Xu Beihong's painting collection. After visiting the owner of Suzhou " Ai Liantang ", Zhou Enlai wrote the inscription "Attack Zhou Shou Lao in Suzhou Ai Liantang on January 31, 1963". Zhou Shoujuan received the inscription and was so excited that he wrote a poem to commemorate: "Talking about family matters with sincerity, reading paintings and watching flowers have a longer time. Three Muses and Sanxun are so warm, and spring is full of love for the lotus hall. "

Chen Yi joked that Zhou Enlai "is not writing a poem at all"

Yuan Ying disclosed a poem by Zhou Enlai who had "destroyed the poem" in his book "State Notes: My Years in the Supplement of the People's Daily ".

" One afternoon in late October 1958, editor-in-chief Wu Lengxi called me to his office and handed me a manuscript. It was a memorial poem sent by Premier Zhou Enlai just sent to mourn the Deputy Minister of Culture Zheng Zhenduo and the Chinese Cultural Delegation led by him. Leng Xi’s explanation: Try to be published in the supplement tomorrow. "When Yuan Ying was considering how to re-made the plate so that it could be printed, he was informed by Wu Lengxi again, and the Prime Minister called and said that he would not publish it for now. As for the reason, Yuan Ying only received a speculative reply from Wu Lengxi that "probably needs to be modified." Due to the recycling of the original, Yuan Ying failed to copy a copy of the original poem, nor could he remember the entire content. "Since then, this poem has never been published again, and it has been unknown to this day. Every time I think of it, I regret it." On November 17 of that year, Zhou Enlai wrote to Deng Yingchao, which wrote: "Diplomatic and steel have been very busy in the past month. Later, he joined the volunteer army and returned to China and participated in the activities several times. One night, the touching achievements of the Volunteer Army were aroused. On the eve of the meeting commemorating the martyrs who died in Zheng Zhenduo, Cai Shufan and others, their thoughts were ups and downs and they could not sleep. Because they became a wrong poem, they gave them to Mr. Chen (i.e. Chen Yi) to correct it. I still felt that they could not become a poem, so I declared it as abolished."

◆On November 25, 1965, Zhou Enlai congratulated his birthday in Shanghai for Anna Louis Strong.

Zhou Enlai's "destroyed poem" was originally: "Heroic spirit is broken into pieces, and the style of a fighter who has been trained for thousands of hammers. Walking in the desert and flying sand to keep chivalrous, and making great achievements from heaven and earth." According to the recollection of Li Dunbai, a member of the American Communist Party, in 1960, he and Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi participated in the 75th birthday celebration of the well-known American female journalist Strong. During the meal, when everyone talked about the slogan "Everyone is a poet" during the Great Leap Forward, "Prime Minister Zhou said, this sentence is wrong, I am not a poet. I made a poem and gave it to Mr. Chen for criticism. He wrote a few words on it and returned it to me: I can't criticize it because what you wrote is not a poem at all. When toasting, the two of them quarreled with each other: one said, you are the boss, the prime minister, you have to toast; the other said, you are the marshal, I am not the marshal, you have to toast." Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi have a deep friendship, and the jokes between the two sides about "writing poems" and "toasts" are jokes.

Unintentionally modify Jiang Qing's poems

According to Zhou Enlai's secretary Ji Dong, in his book "Extraordinary Years: Recalling the Last Eight Years of Premier Zhou Enlai", during the Cultural Revolution, Jiang Qing wrote a letter to Zhou Enlai, saying that she wrote a poem and asked the Prime Minister to modify it. Jiang Qing wrote a poem as follows: "There are strange peaks on the river, locked in the clouds and mist. Usually invisible, occasionally showing its glory. "Zhou Enlai used the "—" and "∣" symbols to represent the flat and tone and then gestured to Ji Dong: "This does not match the four tones. What poems do you write if you don’t even know the level and tone! I'll give it to you, take it and take a look, study and change it! "Ji Dong later wrote: "I understand the Prime Minister. He gave Jiang Qing's poems to me to modify, which was to express dissatisfaction with Jiang Qing's use of this to interfere with his work, and not to let me really modify her poems. ...After two days, I put Jiang Qing's letter and poems in the folder on the Prime Minister's desk that I didn't need to approve.Soon, Jiang Qing's poem was published and accompanied by photos of Lushan. But the Prime Minister never mentioned this to me again. "Ji Dong also recalled that Zhou Enlai often faced a dilemma in his later years, so he used his own opera and poetry to describe himself. Once he saw the Prime Minister write in a pencil - "Injustice and Injustice (The West Chamber): It is difficult to be the sky in February, and silkworms should be warm and ginseng should be cold. The brother who grows vegetables will rain, and the lady who picks mulberry will dry up in the sun." It is quite like using other people's wine glasses and pouring a piece of his chest.

The China Oriental Song and Dance Troupe, established under the advocacy of Zhou Enlai and others, once presented a poem to Zhou Enlai to thank the Prime Minister for taking them abroad for performing and expressing his determination. The poem reads: "There is a flower in the East, and is determined to learn Asia, Africa and Latin America well. He listened wholeheartedly to the Party and sweared to dedicate his youth to her. "I don't expect Zhou En to become serious after seeing him. He changed the word "youth" to "lifelong" and said: "Everyone's ideas are still a bit superficial. The stage is not limited to ‘youth’, the stage is ‘life’. The youth of an artist is not only on the stage, but must devote his life to the Party in various forms. ”

Poetry interactions with Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong and Liu Yazi, Guo Moruo , Hu Qiaomu, Zang Kejia and others left many good stories about poetry creation. He once wrote to Chen Yi and said: "I have occasionally written a few seven-character poems, but none of them are satisfied with me." Just like you can write free verses, I have a little understanding of long and short sentences. (Ye) Jianying is good at seven-character verses, Dong (Biwu) Lao is good at five-character verses. If you want to learn regulated verse, you can ask them for advice." Coincidentally, Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong also had some interactions with poetry.

Qin Jiufeng, who served as the head of the information section of the Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall and the director of the research office, once asked Zhou Fuming, a staff member around Mao Zedong during his lifetime. Before officially publishing his lyrics, Mao Zedong presented the title of the original work to Comrade Manjianghong and Guo Moruo ", he gave the original title to him to the lyrics " Manjianghong and Comrade Guo Moruo ", before he officially published his lyrics " Manjianghong and Comrade Guo Moruo ", he gave the original title to him to Zhou Enlai - "The book is for Comrade Enlai, January 9, 1963". The original work is different from the revised version after its release, such as the sentence "The four seas are tumbling, clouds and waters are angry, and the five continents are shaking, wind and thunder are thunderous", which was originally used as "the revolutionary spirit is swaying all over the world, and the workers and peasants are thundering and drawing a long halberd." Although Zhou Enlai has the original handwriting of Mao Zedong's "Manjianghong·Comrade Guo Moruo", it has not been shown outside. It was not until after his death that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China collected Mao Zedong's handwriting from the whole society, and Deng Yingchao handed it over to the Central Committee and returned it to the Central Committee. Central Archives. Zhou Enlai's low-key and cautiousness can be seen from this.

◆Mao and Zhou Enlai were together.

Before and after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in the 1970s, Mao Zedong's poems became an important topic for communication between the two sides. When former US President Nixon visited China, he mentioned Mao Zedong's famous line "Ten thousand years are too long, and he has to seize the day" to highlight the needs of the people of the two countries. Seize the day and create a new world. When Zhou Enlai communicated with Nixon, he talked about Mao Zedong's poetry and his creative background many times, such as " Seven-character · To Shaoshan ". In his memoir, Nixon said: "When we held the last long talk at the Beijing Hotel, Zhou said that in the restaurant upstairs, we hung a poem about Lushan written by Chairman Mao, and the last sentence was: "The infinite scenery is on the dangerous peaks." You took a certain risk when you came to China. "Now we are at the top, I said. "According to Nixon's recollection, Zhou Enlai originally wanted to hang Mao Zedong's lyrics " Bu Suanzi·Yongmei " in the hotel, but he couldn't find a suitable place, so he read this poem to Nixon during the conversation. When contacting American people, Zhou Enlai also read " Turtle Although Longevity " by Cao Cao , "The martyr was in his late years and had a strong ambition."

New Year's Day in 1976, Zhou Enlai, who was in danger, heard the newly published Mao Zedong's lyrics "Water Temperament Song Head·Return to Jinggangshan" and "Niannujiao·Bird Q&A" on the radio, so he signaled the staff to buy the People's Daily and the poem book, listened to the two poems, and asked the poem book to be placed next to the pillow. According to the staff's recollection, when he heard "no fart needed! When the world turned over, Zhou Enlai, who was terminally ill, showed a long-lost smile.

Spring cherry snow is still there, and Zhou Enlai is no longer in the world.

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