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The first important thing that Tong Guanbing did after he arrived at the front line was to post a notice in the name of Xuanfusi.
1, Tong Guan 's surrender and rebellion
The reading object of this statement is the military and civilians of the Liao Dynasty . The article is nothing more than clichés like:
"I am willing to give up the crime, and I am not dedicated to killing. You should work hard and make plans early."
But it is worth noting that the reward issued is:
"Those who have officials return to the old times, and those who have fields return to their business as before. If you can lead the heroes and establish their own achievements, you should give them good positions and give them gold and silk. If you can return to one state and one county, you will be appointed as the county. If a hero comes to Yanjing, he will not be bound by the army or the people. Even if he has not appointed an official, he will give him 100,000 yuan in money to the military and military service, and even if he has not appointed an official, he will give him 100,000 yuan in a large mansion."
In order to show the sincerity of the Xuanfu Department of the Song Dynasty, the statement also mentioned in the statement:
"I have quashed soldiers and cannot kill a man."
Tong Guan's core idea is in line with the idea of Huizong spending money to buy land, which also makes the world see that Tong Guan is a loyal minister of the official family.
However, a hundred thousand troops came here, originally for the purpose of fighting, but now they are warned that "no killing a man". Could it be that the knife of the Khitans is put on my neck, and I am not allowed to resist and kill him?
Tong Guan's thoughts seemed to be all about recruiting surrender and accepting rebellion. The 100,000 army was like his luxurious follower of Tong Xuanfu, and he was just showing off his appearance, but he had no military plan to advance Yanjing, nor did he see the shaking military exercises. The Xuanfu Department tried every effort to send the notice north of the Baigoujie River like a mud cow entering the sea, leaving no return.
2, Tong Guan persuaded surrender , Liao Dynasty , ridiculous things about the king and minister
, Tong Guan's Xuanfu Department went north to Xiongzhou, an important border town. This was the first stop for Zhao Liangsi to smuggle into the Song Dynasty, and it was also an important turning point in Zhao Liangsi's life journey. Zhao Liangsi became popular in , Song , which really made many people in the Liao Dynasty jealous, so people kept following in the footsteps, and Xiongzhou also became a blessed land for "Zhao Liangsi".
Tong Guan met two Liao Han people who had the same "trajectory" as Zhao Liangsi in Xiongzhou, and then came up with a new idea.
He asked Zhao Liangsi to write a letter to the current emperor of the Liao Dynasty Yelu Chun . The center of the letter was to ask Yelu Chun to see the current situation and war to bring disaster and blessings, and immediately surrender to the whole country. After the letter was written, Tong Guan asked Zhang Bao and Zhao Zhong, two old ministers of the Liao Dynasty, as messengers, to take the letter to Yelu Chun's imperial table in Yanjing.
asked Zhao Liangsi to write a letter and send Zhang Bao and Zhao Zhong to deliver the letter. More considerations are to move them with emotion. Perhaps Yelu Chun and Zhao Liangsi have some old friendships, and together with Zhang and Zhao, they may have some old feelings. In addition, Zhao Liangsi is good at knowing the reason, maybe this letter of persuasion will work. By that time, the fame of Zhao Liangsi, Zhang Bao and Zhao Zhong will be self-evident, and Tong Guan will gain unparalleled merits and be famous for all eternity.
However, Tong Guan’s bet was not accurate! Soon after, frustrating news came from Yanjing. Not only did the letter not make Yelu Chun feel at all about surrendering to Song, it became a "death talisman" for Zhang Bao and Zhao Zhong. Yelu Chun straightforwardly killed these two ministers surrendering to Song.
3, horse expansion 's new mission - persuading the surrender of the Liao emperor
Normally, if you lose two consecutive games according to a method of playing cards, you should change the routine. But Tong Guan was extremely stubborn. He still did not give up on the practice of "persuading surrender" to the Liao Dynasty, but did not think about whether he should take a more decisive and tough military strike against such a ruthless Liao Dynasty monarch and minister.
The only explanation for this paranoia towards Tong Guan is that under the influence of Huizong and Tong Guan's idea of winning without fighting, the Song army was not prepared to fight a battle with the Liao army seriously.
. Under Tong Guan's will, Ma Kuo was once again pushed to the forefront of history.
There was the failure of the previous two attempts to persuade surrender. It was obvious that anyone who went there would be no return. Who would be willing to take the order to go to Yanjing to seek death?
"Sea Alliance " in the early days, Ma Zheng and others' first "icebreaking journey" had long proved that an action that had not yet seen good prospects but was full of crisis before reaching the other side of success, fewer demonstrators would want people to stand up and set an example.
Tong Guan certainly knew this truth, so he adopted the method of "recruiting" envoys, hoping that a man who was not afraid of death would jump out and willingly go to Yanjing for him.
There is really such a man who is not afraid of death who stands up. He is Ma Kuo!
can be said to be in line with his father's courage when he was recruiting to cross the sea to Jin Shi. Ma Kuo made the decision to go to Tiger Mountain even though he knew there was a tiger in the mountain. What a heroic spirit!
Such a huge Xuanfu Department, no second staff or official is willing to fight for the country and sacrifice for the country like Ma Kuo.
However, Ma Kuo's heroic spirit and heroic feat of putting life and death for national interests moved the soldiers at the bottom. A total of fifteen soldiers in the army stood up bravely and were willing to "go with Ma Kuo" and go to Yanjing together.
These ordinary soldiers are also ready to be the hero who has left his head and serve the country with one death. The brave are fearless, and the fearless are invincible. Inspired by Ma Kuo, a resolute mission of the Song Dynasty was quickly formed.
4. Ma Kuo's envoy of Liao episode
At night on May 18 (Yi Hai), Ma Kuo, who was temporarily borrowed by Tong Guan, went to Yanjing to carry Huizong's edict and Xuanfusi's edict list, and led his subordinates to cross the Jiehe Baigou.
Xuanfu Department has informed the Liao army of Ma Kuo in advance of envoyment of the Liao Dynasty, so after Ma Kuo and his group passed the Baigou, they quickly passed the verification of the defenders.
Ma Kuo and others were arranged to take a temporary rest in the inn to eliminate the fatigue of the whole night and continue to rush. But in a short while, hundreds of people from the old people came from outside the museum, crowded outside the door. It turned out that these were a group of Han people from Liao. Today, I suddenly saw a delegation coming here to stop, so I came to find out where the messenger came from.
Ma Kuo certainly would not give up on this news that approached the people and spread the news that the Song Dynasty entered Yanjing. He walked out of the inn and took out a list of books and read it to everyone. The content of this book list of is nothing more than a royal army punishing the people. The Liao Dynasty's monarchs, civil and military officials, military and civilians should understand the current affairs and abandon the dark and turn to the light early, but it still shocked the people at the scene.
Ma expanded the book list and returned to the inn. At this moment, a man grabbed him from behind and whispered, "I'll stay in Zhuozhou tonight."
's sentence is straightforward, brief and clear, and his tone is very affirmative, revealing the person's familiarity with Song Envoy's itinerary and urgent mentality to say.
That night, Ma Kuo and his group arrived in Zhuozhou and stayed in a small local inn.
It was late at night. Liu Zongji, who met in Xincheng in the morning, suddenly flashed out from under the curtains decorating the walls in the inn room.
This time, he took the initiative to provide Ma Kuo with a lot of military intelligence. Liu Zongji came to a conclusion based on this intelligence: if the Southern Army robbed the camp at night and guarded the Liao army but heard the sound of the people and horses, they would definitely be frightened and dispersed.
Perhaps some of the information mentioned by Liu Zongji was indeed witnessed by him, such as the Liao army's suspicious plan of forming a man, but in fact it was not the case. Moreover, there are many things that are exaggerated. For example, Xiao Gan was actually the first important person in the Liao Dynasty to command the army, commanding the four armies of Khitan , Bohai , Xi and Han. How could he have less than a thousand cavalry under his command? The day after Ma Kuo and others arrived in Zhuozhou, the companion envoy sent by the Liao Dynasty government in Yanjing, Niu Min also arrived in Zhuozhou. The Liao Dynasty did not owe the Song people at all in diplomatic etiquette for the arrival of the Song envoy.
A few days later, when the Song envoy arrived in Yanjing City, the Liao Dynasty sent Xiao Ao, a Sifang Pavilion envoy, and Zhang Rong, the doctor of the Ministry of Rites (also known as Zhang Jue ), as the companions responsible for accompanying the Song embassy throughout the process. On the night they arrived in Yanjing, Ma Kuo and his group stayed at Jinggu Temple, a famous local temple.
5, Ma Kuo's tongue fighting against Liao Dynasty
The next day after Ma Kuo arrived in Yanjing, shortly after dawn, the Liao Dynasty's commander Yao Fan, Shumi Chengzhi Xiao Kui, and Du Guan Yixin came to "feast".
You should know that the official title that Tong Guan lent to Ma Kuo was just the minimum title of an envoy, the Xuanzanshe, the Pavilion Gate, was only at the level of "from the seventh rank". However, from yesterday to early this morning, the Liao Dynasty sent several officials who were several levels higher than him in official positions to receive it. This was impossible in the past Song and Liao diplomatic relations. This extraordinary grand welcome and kind hospitality of the Liao Dynasty just showed the weakness of its national power and the weak mentality of the authorities.
Of course, these three officials of the Liao Dynasty arrived early in the morning for another purpose. Sure enough, after dinner, they asked Ma Kuo to take away the list of books he held during this trip, because "the leaders of the Northern and Southern Mansions wanted to borrow and take a look."
Although they used the very polite word "borrowing" to say "get it", Ma Kuo still refused and deliberately refused to let them take it away. Ma Kuo said:
"This book list, Xuanfusi's order, was to meet the nine kings in person, so I dare not take it out in advance and show it to the public."
Ma Kuo not only brought out the Xuanfusi's sign to suppress them, but also called Yelu Chun the "Nine Kings", which means that he only recognized his title of king during Emperor Tianzuo, but did not recognize his current emperor status at all. It should be said that it was a serious provocation.
None of these Liao officials stood up to fight, just pestering Ma Kuo to take out the book list. After a long stalemate, Ma Kuo let them take the list.
At sunset, Yao Fan and three other Liao officials ran to the residence of the Song envoy and discussed with Ma Kuo.
They first posted the content of the book list:
"The words in the book list are very arrogant and rebellious. The content is mostly just accusing our dynasty, and it is not allowed to discuss. How dare I submit it to the emperor? So now I will return the book list to the noble envoy."
The Liao people wanted to force Ma Kuo to take back his mission by refusing to accept the book list.
Ma Kuo took back the book list and said to them with a smile:
"To this day, it's already been? You don't consider your virtues and abilities, and don't look at the destiny and human affairs in detail, but you still have the skills to care about such idiots!"
Ma Kuo ridiculed them in person for attacking the Song and Jin armies. When the Liao Dynasty was in danger, he ignored military and national affairs, but he still had time and energy to carefully write words on the tone of the book list. He really didn't know the current affairs and could not do things.
Xiao Kui stood up and condemned Song Dynasty , saying:
"You Southern Dynasties have always claimed to be a country of etiquette. Now they ignore the century-old alliance between the Liao and Song dynasties and take the lead in launching troops to attack, but they do not know that the military strategists are famous. Why are your Song army coming now?"
It can be seen that he was extremely indignant about the Song Dynasty's dispatch of troops to attack Liao, and now he wants to ask Ma Kuo for an explanation in person.
Ma Kuo answered calmly:
"The court ordered the general to leave the army, which was the temple's calculation. As the subordinates, we cannot know the details. However, Ma knew a little about the past events that the dynasty invaded the Song Dynasty, but never told me."
Ma Kuo retaliated against the Liao Dynasty, and blamed Xiao Kui for his unnamed criticism of the Song Dynasty.
Then, Ma Kuo turned from defending to offense, and used his verbal attack to face the counterattack:
"Emperor Tianzuo was displaced, you didn't wait to send troops to rescue the danger, but took the opportunity to usurp the nine kings in Yanjing.The Song Dynasty and the Daliao are neighboring countries and are brothers. Now they have the responsibility to inquire: Where is the Emperor Tianzuo? Now it is said that Emperor Tianzuo has been reduced to Xiangyin King , which is a big deal! The Song Dynasty launched an army to question the crime and visited the Liao lord's life and death. Every move was in line with etiquette and morality. What does it mean that the teacher was named after the name? "
Xiao Kui and others were "snatched away" by Ma Kuo for a while, and they were speechless, so they had to retreat with sluggishness.
Another day passed, Yao Fan came to Ma Kuo early in the morning and told Ma Kuo:
"The court has discussed and decided that tomorrow I want Xuanzan to pay homage to the emperor. But when meeting the emperor, Xuanzan's words should be more tactful, so that it will facilitate conversations with each other. "
It seems that after this day of discussion, the Liao Dynasty finally decided to surrender to the Song Dynasty. This diplomatic operation of Ma Kuo seems to have achieved major results.
6, the crisis faced by Ma Kuo
However, there were unexpected situations. Just one day earlier, the Liao Dynasty stationed on the front line of Baigou Yelu Dashi and the four army king Xiao Gan, together with the Central Government, suddenly launched a large-scale attack on the Song army on the south bank of Baigou without the permission of the central government, defeating the two Song troops, causing the Song Dynasty's originally powerful military situation on the front line to take a sharp turn.
is just a battle report sent to Yanjing by the Liao army. At the time, the Liao Dynasty's monarchs and ministers were not aware that the situation on the front line had fundamentally changed when discussing countermeasures.
But the truth of the Battle of Baigou will spread sooner or later. The difference is that the Liao Dynasty had a war report from the front line, and no one informed him here. This also destined that Ma Kuo would be in a very passive and sinister situation in the future negotiations between the two sides.
In the evening, Yao Fan, Xiao Kui and others came to Jinggu Temple together again.
This time, they completely changed their faces. The humble attitude of the earlier disappeared, but instead acted like a "group fight" and surrounded the horse and said something he said, "He said fiercely:
" The Southern Dynasty boasted that there were many soldiers and generals, but they did not think about where the morality was, which led to the dissatisfaction of the people and the army had no fighting spirit. Yesterday, Zhong Shidao sent Yang Keshi's army to cross Baigou and invaded our dynasty, but our army unexpectedly fought a little, and the Southern Dynasties fled in a glance. If this dynasty had not cherished the friendship and friendship between the two countries, the army would have been directly attacking Xiongzhou now! "
Before Ma Kuo's answer, they said:
" While sending envoys to negotiate, your dynasty sent troops to attack, but then they were defeated and fled so quickly. How can you see someone? From now on, when will the dynasty stop this kind of behavior of going back on one's word? "
Facing the opponent's sudden attack and aggressive momentum, Ma Kuo calmed down as usual and said slowly:
" This time Ma's visit was not a 'polite messenger' that he saw as a common person. He was always cautious and cautious, for fear that he would accidentally cause trouble to the relationship between the two countries. This time Ma was a "recruitment envoy". Liu Zongji came to show his loyalty. How could Ma not accept it? "
Ma Kuo first gave an unheard of explanation of his "inducement" identity, and then gently threw away the acceptance of Liu Zongji.
In response to the news of the defeat of the Song army in the Battle of Baigou, Ma Kuo insisted that the Song army was here to surrender. It was completely an accident that the Liao army was attacked by the sneak attack, and it was also easy to expose the defeat of the Song army.
Then, Ma Kuo also changed the subject and said:
"You should wait too early! If our Xuanfu Department applies to the court to obtain the official strife and start a war, and when all our Western troops gather and start a massacre, it may not be a blessing for the people of Yanjing! "
Ma Kuoren was still in Yanjing, but he made it clear that he would fight the Liao Dynasty, which shocked Xiao Kui and said:
"Is it because the Southern Dynasty sent Xuanzan to be the dead? I really didn’t expect that the Southern Dynasty regarded the fate of scholars and officials as much as grass! "
Ma Kuo said:
"Ma came here this time, and originally planned to exchange his own life for the lives of the people of Yan. If you wake up, then let's live together; if you are stubborn, it's just going to die together.But it is not Ma's ambition to survive! "
Ma Kuoxian made a straightforward statement that I am not afraid of death, and of course I am not afraid of the other party's robbery for death.
" Besides, if you say that Ma is a dead room, don't you know that military use is the worst strategy. Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn the boat. By the same token, some people succeed in using the game, while others suffer great defeat. Whether the enemy is strong and we are weak, or the enemy is evenly matched, only in this situation can we disperse the opponent's strength. "
Ma Kuo is using common sense to criticize the opponent's lesson:
" And now the situation of the dynasty, in terms of military strength, you can wait for yourself, is there one-tenth of the Southern Dynasty? Is there one percent? Or is it one in tens of millions? If we didn't remember that our neighboring countries had always had good friendships, our army would have divided up several troops, formed a neat formation, and fought together, but we didn't know what else could the dynasty use to resist? Why don’t you think about these things? How can you have any time to make people say nothing about the disasters and blessings of death? "
Ma Kuo points out the current situation of the strong and weak Song Dynasty in Liao Dynasty, and scolds the opponent for being ignorant of the overall situation and wasting his efforts.
After that, Yao Fan and others were no longer able to see each other, and the Jingdi Temple was extremely quiet for three consecutive days. At that time, the problems facing the kings and ministers of the Liao Dynasty were indeed more difficult.
On the one hand, the Song Dynasty was great The army was close to the armpits, and Li Chuwen's original intention was to "negotiate to call a vassal" with Ma Kuang, but because the Song army was defeated in Baigou, the proposal to call a vassal ended.
On the other hand, Jin army had captured the four capitals of the five capitals of the Liao Dynasty, and opened a huge net of heaven and earth from the northeast, north to the northwest, and was about to take the final blow to Yanjing, and defeated all the Liao Dynasty's monarchs and ministers in one net. In addition, There are also rumors that Emperor Tianzuo, who was hiding in Jiashan, will also rush this muddy water and lead his troops back to Yanjing. Therefore, the Yanjing authorities actually have to face and bear the oppression of three forces.
Therefore, Yao Fan and others did not come for three days, which actually reflects the situation where the Liao Dynasty was deeply trapped, advanced and difficult to make decisions.
7, Ma Kuo persuaded the surrender of the king and ministers of the Liao Kingdom to surrender
On the evening of May 26 (Guiwei), Yao Fan, Xiao Kui and others still did not show up, but suddenly Xiao Ao and Zhang Rong came, and led a group of people to transport a large number of gifts such as brocade clothes and jackets that were given to Ma Kuo when he saw him off, as well as some silver and silk items for Ma Kuo's entourage. They said to Ma Kuo: "Please go back tomorrow. "
Ma Kuo refused to accept these gifts because he had not seen the nine kings and had not received a reply from the Liao Dynasty.
Xiao Ao said:
" The imperial edict passed by Li Jun said that there is a precedent for giving such gifts, so please stay. "
It seems that the Liao Dynasty's monarch and ministers had expected that Ma Kuo might refuse to accept gifts, and they had to explain it specifically in the imperial edict. This also shows that the Liao Dynasty's official attitude towards the Song envoy was very friendly, which was completely different from the stern and stern expressions of Xiao Kui and others a few days ago.
Then, the Liao Dynasty took the secretary Wang Jieru and the capital official Wang Zhongsun as envoys, and took the official reply from the Liao Dynasty and went to the Xuanfu Department of Xiongzhou of the Song Dynasty with Ma Kuo and others.
After Ma Kuo left, Yelu Chun summoned Li Chuwen and others to carefully read the imperial edict list of the Song Dynasty emperors and discussed countermeasures.
This Li Chuwen was the cousin of Zhao Liangsi in the Song Dynasty in Nantou. Like Zhao Liangsi, he was not a gentleman who was loyal to the emperor and served the country. , Zhao Liangsi was still in the Liao Dynasty, and the two had a close relationship. At that time, Emperor Tianzuo was in power. They knew that the Liao Dynasty was in danger, so they discussed their desire to return to the Song Dynasty, and thus became close friends.
The two also had a close meeting at the North Pole Temple in Yanjing. They vowed to join the Song Dynasty and sold their own and the Liao Dynasty to the Song Dynasty in order to seek their own wealth.
Because of their achievements in promoting the work, Li Chuwen became the prime minister of the south of the Liao Dynasty and had a prominent position, so they temporarily cut off the idea of joining the Song Dynasty that they had agreed to join the Song Dynasty.
Now, Tong Guan of the Song Dynasty is in a big way, and the thought of joining the Song Dynasty is like a slag, but it is still hesitant.Now Emperor Tianxi asked in person, but Li Chuwen did not dare to directly propose Yelu Chun to return to the Song Dynasty because he was afraid that everyone would not obey. He just reported to him:
"This is a major military and national affairs. Although I am the top of all officials, I dare not deal with it privately with my own opinions. Regarding whether to submit to the Song Dynasty, please allow me to discuss with all the ministers. This matter is very big, and the key is that Your Majesty is wise and arbitrary, and let me participate in the discussion."
Li Chuwen is an old fox. Yelu Chun wants him to talk about his ideas on whether to surrender to Song, but he suggested that he would discuss with all officials again, and that his ideas would not be missed. Then Yelu Chun decided to make a decision alone, and they would just make an additional discussion.
Seeing that this mess was really powerless to clean up, Yelu Chun, who had no choice but to summon Li Chuwen and others to discuss soon, and said:
"I have received the kindness of the ancestors with my own little body and inherited the throne of the emperor. I originally wanted to protect the ancestral temple with you and others. However, the Jurchens occupied Xijing , and there was no sign of returning to their country. Now the Song Dynasty is in the forefront, and they are attacking our dynasty with Dajin . I really dare not hold the throne of the emperor again, and I want to be called the Southern Dynasties and protect the family and relatives with you. I don't know what you mean?"
After saying words, he sobbed and burst into tears, showing the face of the king who was destroyed.
Li Chuwen saw that he finally said that he would call him the Song Dynasty, so he shed a few tears with him, which was the perfect friendship of a minister. Then he went straight to the point and discussed sending envoys to the Song Dynasty to discuss the matter of calling the vassal.
From today's perspective, even if the more credible Ma Kuo's trip to Yanjing is judged, it can also be made that Ma Kuo's success will be greatly evaluated.
Because no matter what, Ma Kuo repeatedly verbalized all the officials of the Liao Dynasty, which can be said to have defeated the Liao Dynasty's domineering aura against the Song Dynasty for more than 100 years, and eventually forced the Liao Dynasty's monarch and ministers to make the plan to "be called a vassal in a negotiable way". For Ma Kuo and Ma Kuo's trip, his achievements are no more than this! Even the diplomatic negotiations between the Song and Liao countries have always been so successful.
If it weren't for the unexpected situation in the Baigou battle, Ma Kuo would have been recorded in history as the greatest hero of the Song Dynasty's recovery of Yan Yun, which was an indispensable part of the entire ancient Chinese history.
(end of the text)
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