Author: Shi Suiying (Dean of the School of Literature of Yuxi Normal University in Yunnan, President of Yuxi Nie Erhe National Anthem Research Association)
This year marks the 110th anniversary of the birth of the famous Chinese musician Nie Er. Although only twenty-three spring and autumn have passed, the musical light created by Nie Er traveled through the barriers of time and space, illuminating the past, present and future, standing up the backbone of the Chinese nation, and turning into an ancient nation's rebirth.
Yuxi Nie Er statue data picture,
Stepping on the bluestone slab, walking into the prosperous Yuxi North Gate Street, which was precipitated in the past, you can see a civil-structured house on one floor and one bottom, which is simple and quiet, and there are still half a vaguely visible relief pattern on the eaves. On the horizontal plaque with black background and gold characters, the four big words "Nie Er's former residence" seem to echo the sound of time.
This is the early residence of Nie Er’s parents. Nie Er's father Nie Hongyi is a famous Chinese medicine doctor in Yuxi Prefecture City. In order to support the family, the family moved to Kunming in the late Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty to practice medicine. After the gunshot of the "Chung Jiu Uprising", Nie Er was born in Kunming. Because he was the fourth child in the family, Nie Er's parents did not have too high expectations for him and named him "Jiaxiang", but just hoped that he could grow up smoothly and everything would be good.
html There were unexpected events in 0 days. At the age of 4, Jiaxiang suffered a severe mental injury. This year, my father passed away. Losing his father at a young age, in his childhood, when he should be carefree, this ignorant child felt the fragility and sadness of life. "Dad's death determined my destiny in this life and gave me the path I should take." In 1930, Nie Er wrote down his thoughts on growth in his diary."Ideals are straight, but facts are curved." The 4-year-old child embarked on a winding and winding road of self-improvement.
Yunxi Nieer Music Square overlooking the data picture
"What you never forget is 'reading!'''Play the violin!'"
"I don't want to spend every minute of useful time on boredom. Music, drama, and movies are my life's career, and I am willing to study and study in this life." As early as in the letter Nieer gave to his brother, he expressed his life ambitions. There is no life that is lying flat, only the years of running. Like a meteor passing through the sky, "What you will never forget is 'reading!'''Playing the violin!'"
Nie Er is a genius, but the saying "genius is labor" is vividly reflected in Nie Er. Sun Shiyi, who has worked with Nie Er for "The Pioneer", said: "Can you say that Nie Er is not a genius? He has never entered the school's door; can you say that Nie Er doesn't work hard? He has never wasted a minute of his time..."
"Mom! Our family is poor and I can't afford to study. Can you take me to school to see it?" When 6-year-old Nie Er was understanding and expressed his wish, Peng Jikuan , a Dai woman who came from Ailao Mountain , who was self-reliant and self-reliant with a pair of feet wrapped around the late Qing Dynasty but was self-reliant and self-reliant, she said this: "No matter how poor you are, you will be sent to study. This family and this nest have no gold or silver, but you must have backbone and ambition." Then, the eleven family principles she formulated laid a solid foundation for Nie Er.
This great mother not only helped Nie Er develop a spirit of standing firm in the wind and snow, but also sowed a seed of music in Nie Er's heart. This is also the first cornerstone built on Nie Er's musical life.
Peng Jikuan, who was caught off guard, took on all the burdens of his family, began to practice medicine and support his family. While tired, she often sang beautiful lantern tunes, hole music , and ethnic folk minor tune for Nie Er, and sang many folk legends to Nie Er, so that he had planted the seeds of his love for traditional culture and folk music art in his heart since he was a child. Neighbors, Carpenter Qiu and Hou Zhang, have successively led Nie Er to learn the skills of playing many instruments such as flute , erhu , sanxian , lunar , violin , and other musical instruments. Foreign teacher Bai Xiwen also prompted him to become interested in instruments such as piano, further deepening his understanding of European music.
Nie Er (left) and Tian Han took a photo in Shanghai in 1934.Data picture
Because he led his classmates to actively support the school's struggle against feudal forces occupying the school's buildings and achieved victory, the founder of private Qiushi Primary School Su Honggang is thinking about Nie Er. "Comrade Nie Er had a sense of justice and the spirit of fighting against evil forces when he was a child." Subsequently, during his study at Yunnan Provincial First Normal School, under the direct leadership of the underground party and the Communist Youth League, another seed, a seed of revolution, was like the moon rushing out of the clouds, and was also sown in Nie Er's heart.
18 before going out for a long trip, the various experiences Nie Er experienced eventually became two seeds of music and revolution, and broke out in the next five years of life, like a storm of wind and fire, blue blood and heart; like lightning and thunder, the light is endless.
"How to make revolutionary music?"
1930, from Tingzhou to Changsha, in the interweaving of progress and failure, Mao Zedong wrote the poem "An international tragedy song, rushing wildly for me to fall from the sky." This year, Nie Er, who often played " Internationale ", took refuge in Shanghai from Yunnan. Two years later, he played the International Song on his violin at Tsinghua University . Later, he learned from the brighter " March 3" created by "Internationale" and had a spiritual resonance with this great man.
Because he was included in the blacklist of the reactionary authorities, in order to avoid arrest, Nie Er replaced the third brother Nie Xulun and became a young man in "Yunfeng Shenzhuang". Half a year later, "Yunfeng Shenzhuang" went bankrupt, and the unemployed young man Nie Er broke into the "Mingyue Song and Dance Troupe" when he was desperate. He was nervous, and was appreciated by the father of modern Chinese singing and dancing Li Jinhui , and was later introduced into a new art world. Before meeting Li Jinhui, Nie Er was always not confident in his musical talent. "My personality is that he likes industry very much. If I have the opportunity to go to school, I hope to enter engineering. I believe I have a little artistic genius." Among Nie Er's life options, music was originally just a hobby.
Li Jinhui did not expect that Nie Er, a young man who looked good and seemed to be a "soft tofu", would not be able to take out the hard skills of real swords and guns, and fight back against himself.
It was 1932, and "the Chinese nation has reached its most dangerous time." But what is full of music in society is the desolate sounds of Li's family like "Drizzle" and "Sister I Love You". To detour and avoid is to neglect your duties! Li's song and dance was a discordant note in the strong sound of the times when paying attention to the nation and people's livelihood. In a musical environment filled with thorns and sludge, Nie Er breathed, observed and thought. The sense of justice and fighting spirit were once again boiling in his heart. His pseudonyms "Black Angel" and "Blue Angel" were written, and he wrote articles "Li Jinhui's "Poems on Banana Leaf" and "A Short Speech on Chinese Songs and Dances", criticizing the Li School of Songs and Dances, "scented and fleshy, and passionate", which was the "soft kung fu" to anesthetize young and children.
"You think, capitalists live in high-rise buildings and enjoy their blessings, and the workers cry under the machinery in sweat. What means should we use to seek a savior of the working people?" "What we need is not soft tofu, but real hard skills!" Nie Er's deafening cry to promote justice, urge the world, and also urge Li Jinhui's change.
Li Jinhui once recalled that Nie Er's advancers loved him and liked to call him "tweezers", just like a surgeon taking the human body with rotten skin. People who were taken by the tweezers would inevitably feel pain. "From this time, I also accepted his sincere and cordial criticism and inspiration to me, and wrote several more decent songs."
"Strive to save the country, fight, let's serve the country with all our loyalty! Break the evil imperialism..." Li Jinhui also created the "March of the Volunteer Army". Under the call of justice and under the influence of the spirit of the times, he achieved reconciliation in the name of "March of the Volunteer Army" and expressed his empathy.
's confrontation with Li Jinhui made Nie Er start to think about "how to make revolutionary music." "If the brain does not cultivate correct ideas, no matter how developed it is, this development is always abnormally developed. Then all behaviors do not have a stable and correct foothold."
Ask the storm, how clear is ? It comes from a source of fresh water. The cultivation of correct ideas has begun to appear in Nie Er's study period. On October 13, 1927, Nie Er recorded Marx's life in detail in his diary. During the storm, the seeds of Marxism were sown in the heart of a 15-year-old art young man and began to take root and sprout.
1928, the 16-year-old Nie Er became a glorious member of the Communist Youth League. After that, he had always strictly required himself according to the standards of revolutionaries. Always motivate yourself to be proactive, read progressive books eagerly, and study Marxist works seriously.
In early January 1933, influenced by the wrong line of "left-leaning", Shanghai's left-wing literary and artistic work was shrouded in an atmosphere of "white terror". In this environment where everyone is in danger, Nie Er went against the current and joined the Communist Party of China through Tian Han's introduction. Tian Han wrote in "The Road to Victory of Nie Er": "Nie Er is a young man with musical talents, and it is even more rare that he is a patriot... He admires and seeks the party so much. He said he was determined to study well and contribute his talents to the party. "
Only when a tree has roots can it grow; only when a water has its source can it rush. From then on, under the leadership of the Party, Nie Er was like a ship being guided by a lighthouse. He went in the right direction and path, using his pen as a sword and gun, and his song as a cannon fire to further pursue his artistic development and embark on a revolutionary music path guided by the Party's popular literary and artistic policy.
"replaces the public and shouting"
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February 7, 1932, on the 10th day after the outbreak of the "January 28th" Incident, Nie Er asked himself in his diary: "What if you spend a few hours of hard practice a day, and what if you become a violin player in a few years or decades? Can you play the "Sonata" by Beethoven arouse the emotions of the working people? This road is not open! Wake up earlier! ”
After awakening, Nie Er began to seek a way out from the masses of the people. He believed that: “Music, like other arts, poetry, novels, and dramas, is a substitute for the masses to shout. The masses will inevitably demand new content and performance of music, and demand the composer’s new attitude. "Therefore, he clearly pointed out that "the current music movement must first raise the problem to solve" is to establish a kind of "revolutionary music that "replaces the public's shouting" and maintains a high level of artistic standards."
In 1985, at the commemorative concert held for the 50th anniversary of Nie Er's death, a group of young female workers who loved to sing Nie Er's songs in the 1930s were already gray-haired elderly people. They gathered together and sang "New Women" affectionately at the concert.
Meng Bo Clearly remember that a group of female workers in Yangshupu, Shanghai said to him with tears in their eyes: "Mr. Nie Er is the first person in China to write songs for our workers! His "New Women" and "Doctor Workers" are not about pitying us or just sympathizing with us, but while telling the painful life of our workers, they sing out the strength and ambition of our working class. ”
In the process of creating "New Women", Nie Er went to the cotton mill in western Shanghai many times to observe the labor and life scenes of female workers on autumn nights full of stars and frost. In order to deeply reflect the life of the factory and the pain women suffered in the exploited labor, in addition to compose music and music, Nie Er also recruited a group of young women, established the "Lianhua Vocal Orchestra", and personally served as the piano accompaniment.
The singing from the studio was harmonious, bright, powerful, with a beautiful tone and moving melody. Cai Chusheng, who came to visit Nie Er, quickly forgot that it was the singing, "and felt that it was the voice of 'people'; and was introduced into the scenes of real life and the scenes of struggle. I saw the scene of many female workers rushing to the road in the hazy morning light and dim street lights; I heard the roar of machines in the factory, and saw the tragic scene of people becoming slaves of privileged classes and machines..." The singing stopped, and Nie Er seemed to have just passed a fierce fight, gasping and sweating, and the flames of struggle were still burning in his eyes.
Nie Er focuses his creation on the workers and working people living at the bottom of society and struggling on the brink of death, reflecting their suffering, struggle and hope. "Song of Hunger and Cold", "Minery Song", "Song of Dockworkers"... works that reflect the lives of the working class and the working people occupy the main part of his entire creation.
Nie Er realized, "No matter which road you run, your unstable foundation of philosophy is finally rare." Popular philosopher Ai Siqi is Nie Er's close friend. During his studies, he encouraged Nie Er to compose music that inspires the Chinese people many times. When he was studying in Japan, he bought the song scores of "Internationale" and "Marseille" for Nie Er. Two young people from Yunnan from distant frontiers, one composed a song that replaced the public's cry, and the other wrote a book that brought philosophy to the public, shining together to light up the public's belief.
"I was born for society"
"Genius is not expensive; hard work is not expensive; knowledge and experience are not expensive; only if these three things are combined can actually benefit society, it is valuable." In 1933, during the cooperation between Nie Er and An E , the two often talked about ways to make art deep and lush.
Only when the roots are deep can the leaves be lush, and only when the roots are solid can the branches be prosperous. While studying at Yunnan Provincial Normal School, Nie Er proposed the goal of "overthrowing evil society and building a new society" in his essay "My Outlook on Life" and actively prepared for "war". In his letter to his mother, he said: "I was born for society. I don't want any obstacles to prevent or hinder my transformation of society. I want to make great facts in this human society." The foundation of this great fact is based on the four important things in my life summarized by Nie Er in his 1926 essay "My Annual Leave Life": self-study work, patriotic movement, social undertakings, and physical and mental exercise.
Nie Er's classmate Deng Xianglian remembered that they had once gone to Xueerwang's tomb together in Heilongtan, Kunming. Nie Er was moved when facing Xueerwang's tomb, and couldn't help but talk about the national integrity of Xue Erwang's . He would rather break the jade than be a complete one and die for his country. "The reason why martyrs are different from eternal people is that they are loyal to each other because of their friendship." Next to Xueerwang's tomb, Nie Er burst into tears and shouted loudly: "China! China!"
The day before leaving home to Shanghai, Nie Er and his brother Nie Xulun went to the West Mountain. During the storm, Nie Er rang the French national anthem "Marseille". In the beautiful melody of the wind and rain, Nie Xulun murmured, how great it would be if someone in China could write a song like "Marseille". Nie Er simply said firmly that there must be such people in China!
But what he didn't expect was that this person would be himself, standing at the forefront of the times, making the forefront of the times, taking the lead in awakening on a snowy night, and holding up a bright light in the darkness.
April 1932 Mingyue Opera Club, with strings and singing all over his ears and his clothes and temples connected. The excited and restrained Nie Er was received by Tian Han, a famous "Boss Tian" in the Shanghai literary and artistic circles. In Tian Han's initial impression, Nie Er was a young man who was genius, rich and loyal and brave.
In the fall of this year, they collaborated on "We Are Blooding and Sweating" "Mine Starting Song". After introducing Nie Er to join the party, they embarked on a path of cooperation like Boya. Fourteen songs, including "Graduation Song" and " Mei Niang Song ", accounted for almost half of Nie Er's entire works. The "March of the Volunteers" they jointly created stood at the pinnacle of Chinese music works and created spiritual miracles with music, which is a true portrayal of their spiritual unity as revolutionaries.
"How to make revolutionary music?" "The March of the Volunteers" answers the questions raised by Nie Er back then. Revolutionary music works should question life, call on the masses, sing for the country, and speak for the times.
"How to make revolutionary music?" On the way Nie Er was searching, he was also exploring the revolution of music everywhere. "A new mind must be furnished with new nutrients at any time in order to develop on a new track." "In the future, my research and creation of literature and art will change," and we must "run towards the road of new artistic movement."In Nie Er's diary, he talked about his confidence and pursuit of bold innovation and creation. His songs have created new styles in both form and genre, free, unrestrained and not exaggerated, and can break the stereotypes, boldly innovate, and be good at creating a structure that is compatible with the form of lyrics.
"Go deep into that crowd, here you will have fresh materials to create fresh art. Hey! Work hard! That is the road of the times!" This musical spirit and cultural spirit that suddenly came and went, fresh and lively, cute and cute. He carried dreams and lights, blew the glory and dreams of the future, and completed the dual cultural identity and identity of revolution and music.
"Get up!" "Go forward!"
"March of the Volunteers" was mailed back to China after Xia Nie'er arrived in Japan in 1935. Before going to Japan, after getting the task of compiling the music for "Shiyun Children", Nie Er was in the rental house on Xiafei Road day and night. He hummed the lyrics for a while, and hit the table for a while, just as "beating the beat". The thunder was shaking, the lightning was flashing, the storm was storm and the sudden rain, and the angry foam from the sea splattered on Nie Er's body and heart. He raised his arms and shouted: "Get up! Get up! Get up..."
Because he was too devoted and seriously disturbed the people, Nie Er was kicked out of the rental house by the old lady of the landlord. One of the recording artist and singer Situ Huimin accepted him at home. According to Situ Huimin's daughter Situ Enmei's recollection, her grandmother was the earliest listener, and the music rushing to the nation and the calling of the motherland infected her. She couldn't help but say, "Yes! I'm also a person who doesn't want to be a slave!"
Grandmother's ear back has a bad memory and can't remember Nie Er's name, but she remembers the lyrics that Nie Er always hums "Get up". So the old lady called Nie Er "Get Up". Coincidentally, the famous "Nie Er" in the future "Get Up" all came from nicknames given by others. One is the musical talent shown by flexible ears, and the other is the revolutionary sentiment reflected in song creation. Revolution and music, form and content are continuous, how can we clarify it?
In the modification of the lyrics, Nie Er added three "up" ones, one is more passionate and appealing than the other, thus leading the development of music to a climax and full of motivation. The three "forwards" added balance the structure of the music. What I came to know is to add an "advance" after "advance", which indicates the Chinese nation's always striving for progress on the road. Kuafu rushing the sun, Jingwei reclaimed the sea, Wu Gang slashed the osmanthus, and Yugong moved the mountains. Our ancestors not only created the myth of the nation, but also created the national spirit that never stops and moves forward.
Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is a long-term relay race that continues to move forward. On this relay long-distance race track, rising up is a vertical movement, "wealth cannot be lustful, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be betrayed", it is a tall posture of the Chinese nation's life and standing tall; moving forward is a horizontal movement, a continuation and healthy development of rising up, it is a "heaven moves vigorously, and a gentleman strives for self-improvement", and it is a full spirit of Chinese civilization that is endless and endless. Standing tall has always been a life-and-death life; moving forward continuously is destined to go through storms.
On the evening of September 25, 1949, in Fengze Garden, Zhongnanhai, the discussion on the lyrics of the national anthem continued. Some representatives believe that the lyrics "The Chinese nation is at its most dangerous time" should be modified. Mao Zedong said: "We must strive for China's complete independence and liberation, and we must also carry out arduous struggles, so it is better to maintain the original lyrics." Mao Zedong's opinion was agreed by the participants, so he used the "March of the Volunteers" as the national anthem.
Don’t forget chaos, and peace and danger. To preserve the "Chinese nation is at its most dangerous time" is to store the Chinese nation's worry genes. It carries a profound national spirit, "born in distress and die in happiness."
days If there is love, the heaven will grow old , the right path on earth is vicissitudes. At around 3 pm on October 1, 1949, with the voice of a great man shocking the world, the Chinese people stood up from then on! "March of the Volunteers" spread throughout the world from Tiananmen Square through radio waves.stand up! go ahead! This war song and military song that carries the history of suffering, suffering, unity and progress of the Chinese nation have gained a new meaning of life at this moment, becoming an indestructible, insurmountable and unprecedented spiritual Great Wall, moving through the moon and evolving into a symbol and symbol of the People's Republic of China.
Look back at 1935.
This year, the fungus swamp, Nie Er, who was looking forward to a new life, was like a sea swallow before the storm, "setting up a huge wave of national self-rescue", but unfortunately drowned because of swimming in the summer.
This year, Changting, Fujian, Qu Qiubai, who was handcuffed and shackled, walked to the execution ground while singing the "Internationale" translated by himself, sat cross-legged, said, "This place is very good", and then drank and died.
This year, in Paris, France, Xian Xinghai, who was eager to return to China, had his face blackened by the sea breeze and was still tired, so he resolutely joined the torrent of fighting against Japan and saving the nation, and then created " Yellow River Chorus ".
This year, Shanghai Academy was immersed in Zhu Rongshi of Nie Er's songs. He was extremely sad when he heard the bad news and was determined to practice Nie Er's path. Later, he changed his name to Zhu Jianer and created "Singing a Mountain Song to the Party".
………
A string of familiar or unfamiliar names have been inspired by the same frequency of spiritual power as “Get up!” and “Forward!”. The source code of this spiritual power is consistently consistent with the Party, breathe with the people, share the destiny with the motherland, and the pulse with the times. This spiritual power gathers into the sea of stars, and together enriches the eternal river of Chinese history, illuminates the spiritual home of the Chinese nation, and broadens the spiritual path of Chinese civilization.
Yuxi Landscape and Water Cultivation Elite, "Rebel Army" song strives for the whole nation
Nie Er published a comment in 1932 "Dialogue with the Director of "Humanity", using the pseudonym " Huanyu ", "Fantasy to Return to Hometown Yuxi". Nie Er is the music elves and cultural spirit born in Yuxi. The people in my hometown have been telling the "Stories of Nie Er and the National Anthem" and moving forward with Nie Er's song!
Strolling on the streets of Yuxi, you can see the venues and buildings named after "Nie Er", Nie Er Park, Nie Er Cultural Square, Nie Er Memorial Hall, Nie Er Concert Hall, Nie Er Grand Theater, Nie Er Primary School, Nie Er Choir... Yuxi is like a city decorated with the stories of Nie Er and the national anthem, like a colorful music hall, it seems that Nie Er's youthful masterpiece is echoing at all times and the passion of the national anthem.
Here, in the common words, Yuxi people can tell the past of Nie Er and the National Anthem as they know each other. The unspeakable intimacy and unique pride constitute the unique cultural context of Yuxi people. People here think and live with music. The fragrance of Nie Er's music seems to be flowing in the air.
Here, July 17th is a special day every year, it is "Nie Er's anniversary", a cultural festival that pays tribute to Nie Er in the name of music, and goes to both directions of love and feelings. On this cultural festival every year, the people of Nie Er’s hometown sing their love for the Party, the motherland, and the hometown with their sincere heart.
"I was born in Yuxi with beautiful mountains and rivers. I grew up singing Nie Er's songs since I was a child." The 85-year-old Qi Song was already trembling, but when talking about Nie Er, he was full of energy. For 50 years, Qi Song has been collecting information and studying Nie Er. A calligraphy that "Focus on the Soul of the Country" has accompanied Qi Song for many years. This is a portrayal of Qi Song's constant writing.
"Learn to express yourself in singing Nie Er's songs, have the qualities as tough as water, and understand the meaning of persistence." This is the sound made by the warm and healing "Ruoshui" choir after winning the international award. The clear and ethereal childish voice sings Nie Er's melody, the meaning of persistence, and the sweetness of life.
The magnificent Nie Er Square, the story and reality are integrated. Looking down from the air, you will find Nie Er standing on a huge violin, heroic, as if playing in the wind, playing the harmony of spring in the dark green and lush green.
At the ancient Beimen Street, the roar of machines breaks the tranquility in the air, Nie Er and the National Anthem Training Center are in full swing, carrying the fusion of history and modernity, and thousands of mountains and rivers follow the eternal melody, ready to go.
"Guangming Daily" (13th edition, October 28, 2022)
Source: Guangming.com - "Guangming Daily"
