Guanshan is majestic and powerful. The scenery is simple but the meaning is long.
—— Guantong "Guanshan Travel Map" is a glimpse of
07. Guanshan Travel Map
5th Dynasties·Guantong
silk ink pen, 144.4×56.8cm
Taipei Palace Museum
This painting is full of peaks and peaks, majestic, and the setting is high and flat.
The upper right side of the road, the deep black stone peaks shaped like cirrus clouds are suddenly towering. The ancient temple on the mountainside is hidden among the huge rocks in sparse forests and the valley is full of clouds. The river winds down from left to right, flowing all the way to the Banqiao hut nearby. In the lower left corner, there is a small town by the water. There are constant merchants and tourists. A small mountain shop opens the fence gate. Passengers are either walking, sitting, or resting and drinking tea. A woman boils water and counts children playing. There are chickens, dogs and pigpens around, and a small boat is moored by the river. The picture has a typical Guanlong feature, and is a life picture with cold mountains and rivers and joy, which is a relatively objective state of selflessness.
guanshan is often mentioned in ancient literature, so it is necessary to explain it here. Guan is often referred to as "Guanlong" and "Guanshan". Today, , Guanzhong , Gansu, Ningxia and other places were called "Guanlong". In today's Shaanxi area, it is known as "Guanzhong", which refers to the four passes, namely Dongtongguan ( Hangu Pass ), Xisanguan (Dazhen Pass), Nanwu Pass (Lan Pass), and Bei Xiaoguan (Jinsuo Pass), which was called "Guanshan" in ancient times. The "Guanzhong" with a narrow administrative division is now located in the central part of Shaanxi Province, including Xi'an, Baoji , Xianyang , Weinan , Tongchuan , and Yangling five cities and one district.
Poems in "Mulan Ci": "Ten thousand miles to go to the military service, and the pass is like flying." The "passing mountains" here may refer to passes and mountains, or it may refer to a certain mountain in detail. According to relevant documents, Guanshan was called Longshan in ancient times, also known as Longdi, Longban and Longshou. It is located at the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia provinces. It is roughly the southern section of Liupanshan , which is about 240 kilometers long. The road to Longshan is called Longdi Dasaka Road, commonly known as Longshan Road, and is a famous mountain that is difficult to overcome in ancient times. "Taiping Yulan·Dimen 15·Longshan Tie" records: " Tianshui has Osaka, named Longshan..., the saka nine times, and the upper one will be crossed in seven days." Wang Bo "Preface to the Pavilion of Tengwang" says: "The Guanshan is hard to cross, who is sad about the people who lose their way; when we meet by chance, we are all guests from a foreign land." The Guanlong Ancient Road connects the Qinchuan and Tianshui in Guan. Since ancient times, it has been the link between my country and Europe's land Silk Road. It is also a key rush to Longyou and a barrier to Guanzhong. The Qin people went east to go to the Western Regions, Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions, Liu Xiu destroyed Wei Xiang, and Xuanzang went to the West to seek Buddhist scriptures, and they all had to pass through this place. Therefore, this ancient road was also a military place in ancient times. There were traffic flowing and people roaring. Along the way, "one fire in five miles, one pier in ten miles, one fort in thirty miles, and one village in a hundred miles." Judging from the scene in the painting, it is roughly a description of "one fort in thirty miles", similar to the "Longmen Inn" where you eat, rest and stay in martial arts movies. However, the scene in this painting is honest and honest. The owner is busy and the merchants are happy. It seems that there are no thieves and official captains who have traveled all over the country, nor are there any human buns or murderous mechanisms.
The painting is based on the technique. The mountains and rocks are outlined first and then rubbed, and the brushwork is meticulous. Then, light ink is stained layer by layer, so it appears solemn and tough, falling ink is stained vividly, and the ink is rampant, which is very different from the roundness and mist of the mountains and rivers of Juran, the south of the Yangtze River. The trees in the mountains are expressed by the techniques of Bi Hong in the Tang Dynasty, which are empty branches and leaves, or have branches but no trunks, and the brushwork is simple and sophisticated.
官网 (?907-960), also known as Tong Ortong, was a painter in the early Song Dynasty of the Five Dynasties. Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi) is a native of painting landscapes. He learned from Jinghao and formed his own family. He promoted the panoramic landscapes and techniques of outline, brushing, rubbing, dotting and dyeing created by his master to mature. His painting style is majestic and solemn, and his strength is beyond his master. He is good at painting the majestic and vast mountains and rivers in the Guanshan area. He likes to make autumn mountains, cold forests, villages, wild ferries, secluded people and leisurely things, and fishing village mountain posts. His paintings are extremely exquisite and are called "Guan's landscapes" at the time. Guo Ruoxu's "Pictures and Learnings" believes that : "Guan Tong is good at painting landscapes and is taught by Jing Hao. He has the beauty of being blue and is famous in the contemporary world, and he dares not part of the court." "Xuanhe Painting Book" commented on his paintings: " It is mostly done by Tong's paintings. The simpler the brush, the stronger the spirit, and the less scenery, the longer the meaning. " is not good at characters, and most of the characters are made by Hu Yi.
Professor Fan Meijun (Chinese) and colleagues are reviewing paintings
Fan Meijun, art theorist, art critic, member of the Chinese Art Association , member of the Chinese Calligraphy Association, and professor of Jincheng College, Sichuan University. Main research directions: Chinese calligraphy and painting history and art theory, as well as criticism of calligraphy and painting.
