Since the pre-Qin period, Chinese governments have begun to establish a complete national archive storage system. Archives have been preserved for more than 3,000 years, leaving rich historical documents for later generations. Taipei Palace Museum contains a large number of Qing Dynasty archives. The Paper learned that the new exhibition "The Collection of Qing Dynasty Historical Documents" recently launched by the Palace Museum in Taipei will make precious historical materials such as official edicts, archive memorials, biographies of famous officials, archive maps and other precious historical materials hidden in the past, and strive to present the development and appearance of Qing Dynasty documents to the audience, revealing the political secrets of the Qing Dynasty, the relationship between the monarch and the ministers, the political and economic culture, and the rise and fall of the dynasty. The extension lasts until August 30.
It is reported that the exhibition will be divided into seven units: "Stories of the Edict", "Official History Book", "Records of the Memorials", "Memorial Records of the Memorials", "Military Machine Archives", "Biography of People", and "Stusi People". Among them, the "Stusi People" unit will have a special area, focusing on displaying the jurisdiction of the Qing government's over Taiwan and related documents with ethnic minorities in Taiwan.
年合彩小合彩小合彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩� Since archives have reference audit value, since the pre-Qin period, all generations of governments have begun to establish a complete national archive storage system. According to "Records of the Grand Historian", King Cheng of the Western Zhou Dynasty had ordered the government's important archives to be hidden in the Jinkou, which shows that China's archives have been preserved for more than 3,000 years. This practice has been passed down from generation to generation, leaving behind rich historical documents for later generations.
Government archives are highly confidential and are not easy to contact with by the outside world. The Qing Dynasty archives and documents collected by the Palace Museum in Taipei include various documents from government departments, official resumes and biographies, as well as official records of dynasties, daily registration, hadith, and sermons compiled by the official. Because the matter involves major national policies, these archives and classics have been carefully sealed and preserved by the Qing government. The Manchus entered the Central Plains, and archive management and preservation followed the old system of the previous dynasty; all items such as registration, copying, repairing, verification, and archiving were clearly stipulated. For example, the Military Affairs Office , which is responsible for the national highly confidential government affairs, handles a large number of archives. Due to long-term reading, the archives are often easily damaged. They must be repaired every few years to prevent them from being missing. This shows the Qing government's cautious attitude towards national archive management, maintenance and preservation.
Edict Story
Edict is a document issued by the emperor to his subjects all over the world when he holds a grand celebration or encounters major events. Any matters that the emperor ascended the throne, took power, married, died, guilty, abdication, empress dowager, etc., or that the emperor believed it was necessary to let the world know about the subjects in the world through edicts. The Qing Dynasty edict was written in Manchu and Chinese characters, and it was first written with "The emperor was inherited by heaven and the emperor said", and the content of the edict was described in the middle. At the end of the article, it was said that "I informed the world and all the envoys heard of it." The edict was drafted by cabinet officials, approved by the Grand Secretary of the Cabinet, and submitted to the emperor for approval. Each edict has different contents, but it reveals a major event. Through the options of this unit, the audience can learn about various interesting stories from the Qing Dynasty.
Zai Tian entered the Chengda Tongtu on the fifth day of the 12th month of the 13th year of Tongzhi
official historical books
official books are books that the emperor ordered to open a history museum and appointed important ministers to compile and publish. Official historical books are mostly led by the Cabinet Grand Secretary or the Minister of Military Affairs, and are written by officials of the Hanlin Academy or the Military Affairs Office. The units set up by the Emperor of Qing Dynasty for compiling historical books were quite diverse, such as the Records of the "Records", the Records of the Emperor's daily life and official activities, the National History of the People's Republic of China, the Records of the Organized System Code, and the Strategy of the Strategy of the Compilation of Foreign Military Operations, and the Hadith of the Collection of the Emperor's Speech. Wuyingdian is a publishing institution of official books in the Qing Dynasty. The engraved books have neat fonts, exquisite paper, and particularly elegant appearance and decoration.
Records of the Qing Dynasty
"Records" is a chronological official book compiled by the cabinet in order to record the deeds of emperors of the previous dynasty.After finalization, it is copied into three texts: Chinese, , Manchu, and Mongolian; the binding forms include three types: small yellow silk, small red silk and large red silk. The yellow silk is the copy when it was written. After being submitted to the imperial examination and revised, it was divided into large and small red silk. The big red silk version is stored in the Emperor's History and Fengtian Da Nei; the small red tomb version is stored in the Qianqing Palace and the cabinet's actual recording library.
Records of the Qing Dynasty
Records of the Qing Dynasty
"Daily Registration" is an official book that records the emperor's words and actions, and is a historical material in the diary genre. The daily official in the Qing Dynasty was established in the early years of the Kangxi period. Any monarch who was in charge of the imperial gate, followed the imperial court, visited the tombs and patrols, worshiped temples and altars in the suburbs, and decreed prisoners, etc., must serve as direct records, record them on a diary, and record them on a monthly basis, and compiled into Chinese texts, providing us with important official books to understand the emperor's official activities.
Registration of daily life in the Qing Dynasty Huang Ling Ding version
Registration of daily life in the Qing Dynasty Huang Ling Ding version
Registration of daily life in the Qing Dynasty Huang Ling Ding version
Registration of daily life in the Western Han Dynasty Sima Qian Using the historical style of the genealogy, family, history, biography and table, it has become a model of the official compilation of national history in all dynasties. The classical chronicle is a chronicle that briefly records the important deeds of the emperor's life. In the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty established the National History Museum under the Hanlin Academy, which was responsible for compiling national history, one emperor and one period, and acted as the discipline guide for descendants who succeeded to the throne.
"Book of Emperor Gao of the Qing Dynasty" (Volume 2) Huang Lingben
"Book of the Book of the Qing Dynasty" Huang Lingben
"Book of the Book of the Qing Dynasty" is a classic book compiled by an official library, recording national administrative regulations, and serving as a basis for government agencies and officials to handle official duties. The Qing Dynasty Kangxi , Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Guangxu dynasties successively established Huidian Pavilions to be responsible for editing or revising the statutes and regulations, becoming the five "Huidian" of the Qing Dynasty that we know today. With the development of history, the articles became increasingly complicated. In addition to the compilation of "Huidian" in the Qing Dynasty, "Huidian Examples" and "Huidian Pictures" appeared again during the Qian and Carnival periods. "Huidian" mainly describes the current rules, "State" contains the historical evolution of rules, while "Tu" combines images and explanations to specifically describe the appearance of the Qing Dynasty's classics. "Meeting Dian", "Examples" and "Pictures" complement each other, and is a complete classic book in the Qing Dynasty.
"The Great Qing Huidian" by the Qing Dynasty Yunlu and others, written by the imperial edict. The Wuying Palace publication in the tenth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty
Continued Santong and the Qing Dynasty
From Du You's "Tongdian" in the Tang Dynasty and Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi" in the Song Dynasty, Ma Duanlin's "Wenxian Tongkao" to the Yuan Dynasty, are collectively called "Santong". The contents of each book are important political books that record the evolution of the rules and regulations of all dynasties. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was a long time since the "Three Tongs" was published, so he ordered the opening of the Three Tongs Pavilion, and the "Successful Three Tongs" were compiled, and the chronicles were completed in the late Ming Dynasty. He also focused on the government system of the court, and also compiled the "Three Tongs of the Dynasty", which became an important official classic for modern people to understand the rules of the Qing Dynasty.
Continued three links and Qing dynasty three links
Qing dynasty strategy
"Strategy", or "Classic Notes", is a historical book compiled by the Qing Dynasty government in the form of a chronicle, with major military activities as the object, and specially opened a history museum to compile the war in a special form. The compilation of the "Strategy" began during the Kangxi period and has been successively held in all dynasties. It has preserved a large number of historical materials of military wars and provides us with the historical trajectory of understanding the military actions, ethnic relations and social unrest in the Qing Dynasty.
"Continued Volume of Punishment of the Rule of Punishment of the Rule of Punishment of the Taiwan"
"The Strategy of Punishment of the Rule of Punishment of Taiwan"
The Hadith of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty
The Hadith of Emperors
The Hadith of Emperors during his lifetime is a collection of the predecessors of the emperors of the previous dynasty and compiled into a book to make future generations and descendants abide by the ancestral teachings. During the Qing Dynasty, there were 11 dynasties in Manchu texts from Taizu to Muzong, and 11 dynasties in Han texts from Taizu to Dezong. The content covers the opinions and instructions of emperors of the Qing Dynasty on policies such as politics, personnel, military, economic, diplomatic relations, culture and relief.
"Hallowements of Emperors of the Qing Dynasty" The Qing Dynasty's Red Silk Column Written Version
Red Memorials
Memorials are a kind of document in which officials of the Qing Dynasty reported local affairs to the emperor or asked for gratitude. The memorial system was implemented during the Kangxi period and established during the Yongzheng period. After the Qianlong period, it became a customization and an important medium for communication between officials and emperors.The content of the memorial covers local government affairs, military wars, people's customs, agricultural economy, public security education, as well as royal internal affairs and personnel appointments and removals. It is the main documentary materials for later generations to understand major events in the Qing Dynasty. The Palace Museum in Taipei preserves a large number of memorials and documents of the Qing Dynasty. It can be seen that the monarchs of all dynasties made red-brush instructions on the affairs of ministers and workers. It not only reflects the emperor's personality and governance style, but also presents the monarch's personal calligraphy characteristics.
Red Memorials
Red Memorials (partial) The monarch's red pen instructions not only reflect the emperor's personality and governance style, but also present the monarch's personal calligraphy characteristics.
Memorial Record Deputy
Memorial Record Deputy Memorial Record After the emperor's instructions, the memorial was submitted to the Military Affairs Office for copying in running and cursive script. It is a document prepared for future review or submitted to the relevant departments for processing. The copy of the copy is written at the end of the red mark and the red mark. The date of the red mark can be seen on the lower left. The cover indicates the name, reason, and date of the red mark. The number of pieces attached to the original memorial and memorial inspection is also indicated. After the original memorial is copied, it is either sent back to the memorialist or kept directly, and it is archived on a monthly basis, becoming a "monthly payment". As for the list, drawing and other information attached to the original memorial, the original will be included in the package. Through this unit, the audience will be able to further understand the Qing Dynasty memorial system and its document format.
Chongmoge Zuncai Jade Book Records by General Hongshang of Shengjing. On April 22, 43rd year of Qianlong,
The Qing Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing and designated Shengjing as the capital. Its important royal archives and official books and classics must be collected in both capitals to show respect and admiration for the ancestors outside the pass. In the 13th year of Qianlong's reign (1748), Shengjing built the Chongmo and Jingdian Pavilions as places to store archives. The "Yu Zi" which records the royal family was placed in storage after the Jingdian Pavilion was completed; however, the "Halloween" and "Real Records" of the Five Dynasties were originally placed in the Phoenix Pavilion. In April of the 43rd year of Qianlong (1778), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty believed that the storage in the Phoenix Pavilion was incompatible with the system, so he ordered the transfer to Chongmo Pavilion. This memorial is to investigate the situation of the storage of official books by General Hong Shang, Chongmo, Fenghuang and other pavilions, and place the number of gold tents for the collection of classics in various places, and draw the drawings to present them to the imperial examination.
In order to repair the provincial capital city walls for protection, Hubei Governor Chen Huizu Memorial and Record Deputy. On the second day of the 43rd year of Qianlong,
This group of Memorial and Record Deputy and attached pictures are recorded. On the second day of the 43rd year of Qianlong (1778), Hubei Governor Chen Huizu requested repair of the Wuchang Prefecture City walls and build a stone bank along the river. Wuchang Prefecture is the capital of Hubei Province, and the city wall was built in the Ming Dynasty. In the 43rd year of Qianlong's reign, many city walls collapsed and urgently needed to be renovated. After investigation by the Governor Chen Huizu, he requested the construction and wrote a picture to indicate that the city wall collapsed and cracked and the city tower was corrupt. In the picture, it can be seen that the Hubei Provincial Capital is built from the north to the east to the south, and is built on the mountain; it also turns south to the north, adjacent to the Yangtze River; it also depicts Hubei's famous scenic spot Huanghe Tower and its Qingchuan Pavilion opposite the river. The city walls in the picture are majestic and the river water is rippling, which shows the specific situation of the city walls of Wuchang, Hubei in the mid-to-late 18th century.
Military Machine Archives
In addition to copying copies of the memorials, the Qing Dynasty Military Machinery Office also classified them according to the documents handled. It was also copied in regular script and bound into a book on a monthly basis for later review. This is a monthly file. The Military Affairs Office has a wide variety of files, including records of various official documents, document transfer and travel, public or confidential decrees of emperors of all dynasties, archives of the Qing court's pacification of local unrest or foreign wars in the form of a special case, and records related to the daily routine affairs of the Military Affairs Office. The Military Affairs Office is a unit that assists the emperor in handling official duties. The selected items in this unit can show that the military affairs office has an important position in the Qing government organization after its establishment during the Yongzheng period.
random registration file
is referred to as random book or random file, and is the registration book for the receipt and reception of documents submitted by officials. The reasons for the memorial and excerpts are recorded, and the red marks are recorded in full, and they are logged in one by one according to the date of the red marks. The Military Affairs Office’s duty-by-market rules must complete the registration of the official documents received on the same day. It is called “stop”, which means that it cannot be accumulated and handled casually.
"Registration for the Autumn and Winter of the First Year of Jiaqing"
month discount
is a document that will be issued by the Military Affairs Office who have been approved by the red or not, copy files every day, and pack them on a monthly basis to store the document for filing. The monthly folding files range from one to six volumes per month, and there are also Manchu Chinese monthly folding files, one volume per quarter or one volume per six months. Most of the recordings of such archives are local events, and there are many, which can make up for the existing palace mid-range or military bureau missing files.
"September 2019, 3rd year of Xianfeng"
官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官� Because its archives are square in appearance, they are called "Fangben Shangyu Archives". They are also called "Fangben Shangyu Archives" because they are compiled into one or two volumes according to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and east. Therefore, they are also called "FuSeason Archives", which specifically reflects the orders and policies of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty to handle major national policies.
"February of the Sixth Year of Jiaqing, Spring Archives"
Special project file
Special project file in the Military Affairs Office archives, the special project file is based on the matter and copied and compiled into books according to time. The archives of special projects in the court can be divided into three categories: 1. The archives of border bans and sorting out borders in the Qing Dynasty, such as the Myanmar archives and Gurkha archives; 2. The archives of secret sects or local civil unrest, such as the Eastern archives and the Suppression Archives; 3. The archives of quelling ethnic minorities, such as the Miao bandit archives and the Jinchuan archives. A detailed record of the occurrence of major events in the Qing Dynasty and the handling of the Qing court.
Project category archive
Transmission and receiving power files
After the tenth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1884), the nationwide telegram network laying was gradually completed, and since then, the process of modernization of communications in the late Qing Dynasty was started. Local officials reported to convey decrees to the court, and successively unveiled the major innovations in the delivery of documents in the Qing Dynasty through telegrams. The telegraph archives of the Academy's collection were concentrated in the Xuantong period in the late Qing Dynasty. The text was short but the content was extensive. It was a first-hand historical material for studying road construction, mining, finance and trade, lesson plans, civil reform, diplomatic affairs, and suppression of revolution and military war in the late Qing Dynasty.
"February of the Second Year of Xuantong"
Biography of Characters
High number of biographies of the Qing Dynasty
High number of archives of the Qing Dynasty were collected in Taipei Palace Museum. It is necessary to compile manuscripts, copybooks, long-formatted archives compiled by the National History Museum of the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty History Museum in the early Republic of China over the years, as well as red silk columns written books submitted to the imperial examination. The records are all the life stories of important civil and military officials in the central and local areas; their types and forms are also diverse, including book of deeds, articles, resumes, chronology, collections, memorials, obituaries, etc. These archives are rich in content, which not only provide research on figures in the Qing Dynasty, but also provide insights into the evaluation and guidelines of the Qing government's actions.
"Long-Edited General Book" and "Long-Edited General Archive" Qing Dynasty History Museum
" Ding Baozhen Biography" Qing Dynasty History Museum and Qing Dynasty History Museum
Ding Baozhen (1820-1886), whose courtesy name is Zhihuang, is from Pingyuanzhou, Guizhou. He was a Jinshi in the third year of Xianfeng (1853), and served as the magistrate of Yuezhou Prefecture, Changsha Prefecture, Shandong Censor, Governor, and Governor of Sichuan. During his tenure, he participated in the quelling of the Miao people, suppressing the White Lotus Sect and suppressing the Nian bandits. In the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869), Empress Dowager Cixi's favored supervisor Andehai was illegally issued to Beijing, and claimed that she had been purchased privately to Shandong. After Ding Baozhen's investigation, she was beheaded in Jinan, and was named at the time. During his tenure, Baozhen was committed to rectifying salt affairs, developing river construction, and innovating the camp. In the early years of Guangxu, the Machinery Bureau was established in Shandong successively. During the period of supervision of Sichuan, the Sichuan Machinery Bureau was established to strengthen the southwest border defense. In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), he died of illness and was posthumously awarded the title of Prince Taibao, posthumously named Wencheng, and entered the Xianliang Temple. He was allowed to build temples and sacrifices in Sichuan, Shandong and Guizhou. The option is the information such as Ding Baozhen's copy of the school, such as the copy of Ding Baozhen's copy, which can provide a brief understanding of Ding Baozhen's life and deeds.
Stusi people—Historical materials of Taiwan and ethnic minorities
The Taipei Palace Museum also contains rich contents of Taiwan’s literature and literature. It is the first-hand historical materials for studying the historical and cultural development of ethnic minorities in Taiwan in the past three hundred years. For example, the memorials presented by officials at all levels in the Qing Dynasty and the collection of local chronicles and essays repaired by the inner government recorded in detail the customs and customs of Taiwan, goods, food and clothing, government governance, culture and education, religious beliefs and war turmoil.The picture album also has vivid descriptions of local natural terroirs, and the folk deed documents truthfully reflect the land reclamation and interaction situation of mainland immigrants in Taiwan and the Han Dynasty. This part will be presented in a special area.
Report to the Taiwanese people to celebrate their birthday. The visiting Taiwan Leslieutenant Department of Taiwan, and the inspecting Taiwan Leslieutenant Department of the Taiwan Leslieutenant Department of the Political and Military Department of the Taiwan Leslieutenant Department of the Taiwan Leslieutenant Department of the 12th year of Yongzheng
Taipei Palace Museum contains a wide collection of memorials and collections of essays from important civil and military officials at all levels in the Qing Dynasty, Fujian and Taiwan. The content covers the customs and cultures of various places in Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty, the interaction of Han Dynasty, cultural and educational beliefs, conflicts and competition, mountains, forests and products, environmental changes and other events. It is an important first-hand document for understanding the history and geography of Taiwan in the past 300 years, and is extremely precious.
"Repair of Paintings of Buildings in Tai County" by Qianlong Dynasty of Qing Dynasty Paper Album Painting
"Repair of Paintings of Buildings in Tai County" is a paper painted by Jiang Yuanshu , a prefect of Taiwan in the 43rd year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1778). There are 39 pictures and 40 pictures (one picture is called "record", and the rest are called "illustration"). Jiang Yuanshu (1739-1781), whose courtesy name was Zhongsheng, was from Changshu, Jiangsu Province. He was a juren from the 24th year of Qianlong (1759). He served as the prefect of Taiwan from April to May of the 40th year of Qianlong (1775), and served as the nursing patrol in Taiwan. During his tenure, he vigorously promoted various public construction projects, including repairing cities, building temples, adding military equipment, preparing for the construction of yamen offices, preparing for the preparation of ritual instruments, etc., and his achievements were remarkable. The "Repair of the Architectures of Tai County" was a witness to his political achievements, and the appearance of Taiwan's political, economic and social institutions during the Qianlong period also appeared on paper.
"Put of Pacifying Taiwan" Qing Dynasty Qianlong Dynasty Copper Printing
Copper Printing originated from Europe. It was first craftsmen used carving knives to carve patterns directly on metal objects, and then gradually developed copper Printing of gravure art. The Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties of the Qing Dynasty used troops to the northwest, and were finally settled in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760). In order to commend this achievement, Emperor Qianlong ordered missionaries to draw pictures of the Western Expedition and Return to Xinjiang, and then sent them to France in batches to make copperplates. At the end of the 38th year of Qianlong (1773), the first set of copperplates produced by the Qing court - "Putting Back to Xinjiang". Later, the Chinese court craftsmen continued to produce various copperplate war pictures. After the Lin Shuangwen incident ended, in order to show his military achievements, Emperor Qianlong ordered seven other court painters Miao Bingtai, Yao Wenhan, Xie Sui... to draw color pictures and make a series of copper plate pictures, totaling twelve. The painting combines traditional Chinese painting and Western painting techniques, uses a panoramic composition to tell the theme and battle situation, and is accompanied by woodblock printing of the poem written by Emperor Qianlong, which echoes the pictures and texts. Six of them were selected to show some of the style of this event.
"Imperial Qing Dynasty Tribute Picture" by Fu Heng and others of the Qing Dynasty was written by the imperial edict. The Wuying Palace publication of the tenth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty
The language, skills, clothing, social organizations, and value beliefs owned by ethnic minorities in Taiwan have some of the connotations and are passed down to this day. There are various Taiwanese ethnic minority images drawn by the Qing Dynasty. Although they are mixed with some legends or imaginations and are not realistic, they can still reflect the image outline and characteristics of their daily clothing, appearance, and utensils. The memorials and collections of civil and military officials at all levels in the Qing Dynasty, Fujian and Taiwan contain many precious records about the activities of local residents, which reflects the official's understanding and contact experience of residents in Taiwan at that time.
Zhan Demuli transferred all the documents and rented them all. The characters without libido were made. February of the 10th year of Xianfeng
Folk ancient characters (old characters) are documents commonly used in traditional Han society, as certificates for transfer of property rights such as identity, property, and land and building. When the Fujian, Guangdong and Han people moved to Taiwan, they would also transfer the property rights of contract documents as certificates, and became an important historical material to witness social relations at that time.
(The pictures and texts of this article are from the official website of the Palace Museum in Taipei, and the images are not all exhibitions in the current period)
