What is a synthetic organism? Building knowledge, building knowledge, building knowledge
Synthetic biology broadly refers to the genetic design and transformation of cells or living organisms by constructing biological functional elements, devices and systems, so that they have biological functions that meet human needs, and even create new biological systems. "Building knowledge and building application" are the two major visions of synthetic biology, that is, to understand life through building biological systems and serve mankind by creating biological systems. Synthetic biology research in a broad sense can be divided into three levels: one is to use natural biological modules with known functions to build a new metabolic regulatory network to make it have specific new functions; the second is to de novo synthesis of genomic DNA and reconstruct life forms; the third is to create a complete biological system and brand new artificial life forms.
Department of Synthetic Biology has integrated multidisciplinary systems, showing significant disruption. Synthetic biology is the product of the cross-fusion of disciplines such as biology, engineering, physics, chemistry, and computer science, and is expected to form disruptive biotechnology innovations and provide new solutions to solve the major challenges of resource and environmental shortcomings faced by human society. The subversive nature of synthetic biology is manifested in: on the one hand, it breaks the boundary between non-living chemical substances and living substances, and builds life activities step by step "from bottom to top"; on the other hand, it innovates the current research model of life sciences, from reading natural life information to rewriting artificial life information, and reshaping carbon-based matter civilization.
Industrial applications are mostly in a narrow sense concept, that is, to use renewable biomass resources as raw materials to produce various products. Specifically, synthetic biology uses renewable carbon resources such as starch, glucose, cellulose and even CO2 to produce amino acids, , organic acids, antibiotics, vitamins, microbial polysaccharides, renewable chemicals, fine and medical chemicals, etc. The application of synthetic biology industry that we are more concerned about is centered on microbial cell factories, establishing a process route of "raw material input-strain cultivation-fermentation control-extraction and purification-product output", so as to realize the technological transformation of using biotechnology to produce chemicals, and continue to promote the upgrading and iteration of biomanufacturing technology processes.
Microbial cell factory is the core link in the application of the synthetic biology industry and has gone through different historical stages. Before the 1990s, the target product high-yield strains were obtained mainly through irrational mutagenesis and screening techniques, "changing the level with time (humanpower)." Since the 1990s, the discipline of metabolic engineering has been gradually established, using recombinant DNA technology to design known metabolic pathways in organisms in a purposeful way to build cell factories with specific functions. However, due to the complexity of the microbial metabolic network structure and its regulatory mechanism, it still requires a lot of time and energy. At present, the entire genome-scale customized engineered cell factory has achieved creative development. By combining high-throughput technology in the genome-wide genome-wide genome-wide genome-wide genome-wide genome-based genotype space, it is expected to obtain a next-generation microbial cell factory with more efficient production efficiency and superior production performance.
is based on the efficient construction of microbial cell factories, and many bio-based products have been successfully industrialized. In theory, all organic chemicals can theoretically be produced through synthetic biological manufacturing. At present, many synthetic biochemicals including bio-ylsuccinic acid, long-chain dibasic acid, ethanol , 1,4-butanediol, isobutanol , 1,3-propanediol, isobutene, L-alanine, pentidine, artemisinin , etc. have been successfully industrialized. With the further development of synthetic biology and the deepening of integration with new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, more bio-based products are expected to be produced through synthetic biology methods in the future, thereby promoting the formation of bioeconomy and better serving the sustainable development of human society.
Biosynthesis combines the advantages of low cost, high quality, high yield, environmental friendliness, etc.
Synthetic biology has significant advantages over chemical engineering.Compared with chemical engineering, synthetic biology replaces non-renewable fossil resources with renewable biological resources, and replaces high-energy consumption and high-pollution petrochemical and coal chemical processes with green and clean biological manufacturing processes. This can get rid of the dependence on non-renewable resources such as oil and coal, solve the problems of high energy consumption and high pollution in the chemical engineering process, and make the production process safer, green, and environmentally friendly, and significantly reduce production costs. It is crucial to promote the sustainable development of the national economy. The following is a detailed description of biological methods alanine , 1,3-propylene glycol, long-chain dibasic acid , and polylactic acid.
Example 1: Biometric alanine. Alanine is the basic unit of protein . It is one of the 21 amino acids that make up human proteins. It is widely used in many fields such as daily chemicals, medicine and health products, food additives and feed. Domestic alanine production enterprises mainly include Yantai Hengyuan, Fengyuan Chemical, Huaheng Biology, etc., and foreign alanine production enterprises mainly include Wu Zangye . Among them, Yantai Hengyuan produces L-alanine through enzymatic method, and Fengyuan uses microbial fermentation to produce L-alanine. Huaheng Bio has two production routes: fermentation method and enzymatic method, while Musashino produces DL-alanine through chemical synthesis.
enzyme method and biofermentation method have developed into mainstream industrial production technology. In the technological evolution of alanine production process, natural extraction methods and chemical synthesis methods have problems such as excessive cost, long synthesis routes and high environmental pressure. At present, the cutting-edge processes for industrial production of alanine products are mainly enzymatic methods and biological fermentation methods. The enzyme method uses petrochemical product as the starting material, and uses the catalytic action of enzyme to obtain the required L-amino acids through bioconversion reaction. The production of amino acids by biological fermentation is to use the ability of microorganisms to synthesize various amino acids they need, and to achieve the purpose of excessive synthesis of L-alanine through mutagenesis and other treatments of strains.
biofermentation method has significant advantages in product cost and quality, process route, environmental friendliness, etc. From the perspective of raw materials, the preparation of alanine by biofermentation method uses renewable glucose and other biomass as raw materials, which reduces the dependence on non-renewable petrochemical resources compared with chemical synthesis and enzyme methods, and realizes the replacement of biomass resources on fossil resources. From the process perspective, the biological fermentation method avoids high temperature and high pressure conditions of chemical synthesis. The reaction conditions are mild, the conversion rate is high, the product quality is high, and the fermentation cycle is short, showing the advantages of green and environmental protection. Especially the anaerobic fermentation method, the reaction does not require air to be introduced, which reduces the risk of pollution in the fermentation process, and does not emit carbon dioxide . Compared with the enzyme production of 1 mole of alanine products, the emission of 1 mole of carbon dioxide is reduced by 1 mole of carbon dioxide.
See Huaheng Bio's cost of producing L-alanine by enzymatic method and biological fermentation method. According to its prospectus, Huaheng Seng Bio's average unit cost for producing L-alanine by biofermentation method in recent years is about 8,635 yuan/ton, while the average unit cost for producing L-alanine by enzymatic method is 17,427 yuan/ton, and the fermentation method production cost is only half of the enzymatic method. The average gross profit margin of Huaheng Biofermentation L-alanine in recent years is about 46%, which is far higher than the 25% of the enzyme method, showing a huge cost advantage. In addition, the conversion rate of L-alanine produced by Huaheng biofermentation method is above 95%, while the enzymatic method is usually less than 67%, which is a typical example of the economic benefits of synthetic biology in the field of chemical production.
Example 2: Biological method 1,3-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol is an important chemical raw material. Its main purpose is to be a polymer material PTT with excellent synthesis performance in polymer monomers. It can also be used as an organic solvent in ink, printing and dyeing, coatings, lubricants, antifreeze and other industries, and can also be used as an intermediate for drug synthesis. The major manufacturers of 1,3-propylene glycol in the world include Shell, Degussa, DuPont, etc. Shell and Degussa use the chemical synthesis method of ethylene oxide method and propylene aldehyde method respectively to produce 1,3-propylene glycol. DuPont and Genencor cooperate with each other to develop 1,3-propylene glycol through microbial fermentation method.
Bio-fermentation method for producing 1,3-propylene glycol has emerged in recent years.DuPont uses Genencor's Design-PathTM technology to successfully combine DNA from three different microorganisms onto one strain, thereby converting glucose into 1,3-propanediol in one single strain. The acrolein method uses acrolein hydration to form 3-hydroxypropanaldehyde, and then the liquid phase hydrogenation is used to form the target product 1,3-propanediol; the ethylene oxide method uses hydrogenformylation to form 3-hydroxypropanaldehyde, and further hydrogenation reactions to obtain 1,3-propanediol.
biological method 1,3-propylene glycol has significant competitive advantages. Chemical synthesis method is difficult to form sustainable large-scale industrial production due to its disadvantages such as high investment, many by-products, poor selectivity, harsh operating conditions, non-renewable chemical raw materials and is a dangerous product that is flammable, explosive and highly toxic. The bioconversion method has the advantages of high process selectivity, mild operating conditions, and renewable raw materials. According to the estimate of the production costs of different processes of 1,3-propylene glycol, the production cost of biofermentation method is about US$1,222/ton, which is about 38% lower than the acrolein method and about 30% lower than the ethylene oxide method, which is significant advantages. Overall, biofermentation method has gradually become an important method for producing 1,3-propylene glycol, and has competitive advantages in terms of production cost, safety, environmental friendliness, etc.
Example 3: Bio-based long-chain dibasic acid. Long-chain dibasic acid (DCA) is a fine chemical and is widely used in many downstream application markets such as high-performance long-chain polyamide , high-grade lubricant, high-grade hot-melt glue , powder coatings, high-quality fragrances, cold-resistant plasticizers, pesticides and medicine. The preparation process of long-chain dibasic acid is divided into three types: vegetable oil cracking method, chemical synthesis method and biological fermentation method. At present, biofermentation method is basically adopted in the domestic market, with a production capacity of about 97,000 tons/year in production of ; there are still traditional chemical synthesis methods with production capacity of about 20,000 tons/year in production capacity in the international market; while vegetable oil cracking method is limited by product output and is not suitable for large-scale industrial production.
biofermentation method dominates the production process. The preparation of long-chain dibasic acid by biofermentation is to use long-chain alkanes, corn slurry , glucose and other raw materials. Through the specificity and specificity of the oxidation of long-chain alkanes by engineering intracellular enzymes, it is catalyzed into long-chain dibasic acids with the same chain length. Then, the fermentation broth is subjected to multi-stage filtration, crystallization, and drying to further extract the product. The chemical synthesis method starts from a certain low-carbon chain dibasic acid, and uses a series of chemical reaction steps such as lipidation, reduction, bromination, cyanide and hydrolysis of nitrile, and finally synthesizes dibasic acids with 2 or 3 carbon atoms .
bio-based long-chain dibasic acid has the advantages of richer product types, lower costs and more environmentally friendly. Chemical synthesis method The synthesis conditions of long-chain dibasic acids are harsh (200℃, 10MPa), the synthesis steps are complex, the environmental pollution is serious, and the product yield is low and the cost is high. So far, only dodecano dibasic acid (DC12) is industrially produced through chemical synthesis method. The biofermentation method has a wide source of raw materials, mild reaction conditions, no environmental pollution, low cost and high yield, and can be produced on a large scale, showing incomparable advantages. At present, the preparation of long-chain dibasic acid by biological method has replaced traditional chemical synthesis methods in my country and has gradually developed from laboratory research to industrial production.
Example 4: Bio-based polylactic acid. Bioplastics is a Cenozoic plastic. Compared with petroleum-based and non-degradable traditional plastics, it refers to a bio-based, biodegradable and both plastics. Among them, bio-based biodegradable plastics are sourced from renewable biomass resources on the one hand, and on the other hand, they can be degraded into environmentally harmless substances after use under natural environmental conditions. They have attracted widespread attention at the moment when plastic pollution control is tightening. Polylactic acid (PLA) is currently the most mature, largest and most widely used biodegradable plastic in the world. It is expected that the production capacity will be greatly improved in the future, which can alleviate the current supply shortage.
biobased polylactic acid is made of bio-based lactic acid polymerization.The production process of polylactic acid is divided into one-step method of direct dehydration and condensation of lactic acid monomers, and two-step method of first dehydrating lactic acid to form lactide , and then ring-opening polymerization to produce polylactic acid. At present, the production of high-quality large molecular weight polylactic acid in the world adopts a two-step method. Among them, lactic acid is mostly produced by microbial fermentation method, and glucose is obtained by using starchy raw materials such as corn, wheat, beet , sweet potatoes, and fermentation is further employed to produce lactic acid under the action of lactic acid bacteria . Because of its relatively simple process, sufficient raw materials and good product performance, biofermentation has become the production method of most lactic acid manufacturing companies in the world.
bio-based polylactic acid plastics have significant advantages over oil-based traditional plastics. Bio-based polylactic acid plastics have begun to replace traditional petroleum-based plastics in many fields due to their advantages in renewability of raw materials, low carbon emissions during production and use, and biodegradability after being discarded. The energy consumption, water consumption and carbon emissions of polylactic acid plastics based on corn are far lower than those of traditional petroleum-based plastics such as PE, PP, PVC, PS, and ABS. With the gradual escalation of waste classification and the mandatory nature of the "plastic restriction order" around the world, the process of replacing traditional plastics with bio-based polylactic acid plastics is accelerating, and it is expected to have broad development prospects in the future.
Cost advantages of synthetic biological enterprises under the trend of carbon neutrality are expected to further amplify
greenhouse gas emissions. The emissions of fossil energy are dominated by carbon dioxide emissions. Fossil energy, including natural resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is currently one of the main sources of energy, accounting for about 83% of the global primary energy demand in 2020. However, more than two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions come from fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, reducing the proportion of fossil fuels in the energy consumption structure and promoting the accelerated transformation of fossil energy into new energy has become one of the necessary ways to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.
Biomass replaces fossil resources to produce necessary fuels and materials for humans, which can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The production of bio-based materials using renewable biological resources such as starch, glucose, and cellulose has greatly reduced the energy consumption and material consumption of the industrial process, thereby reducing carbon dioxide emissions and demonstrating excellent emission reduction capabilities. According to statistics from Kefeng Huang, a paper equal to 2021 in the Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation Potential of Chemicals Produced from Biomass, except for biomethanol with low conversion rate (25%), all bio-based materials have lower greenhouse gas emissions per unit than petrochemical materials. Under the conservative assumption (i.e., 25% conversion and high separation energy consumption), the emission reduction of bio-based materials can be up to 88%; under the optimistic assumption (i.e., 75% conversion and low separation energy consumption), the emission reduction can be up to 94%. Currently, the space for bio-based materials to replace petrochemical materials in the United States is about 92 million tons/year. If a complete replacement is achieved, the total greenhouse gas emission reduction will reach 290 million tons/year.
The third generation of biosynthesis directly uses CO2 to produce fuels and chemicals. Synthetic biotechnology has undergone three generations of innovation. The first generation mainly uses vegetable oil, waste edible oil, etc. as raw materials to synthesize biofuels; the second generation of raw materials has developed into non-grain biomass, including grain straw, sugarcane bagasse , etc.; the third generation uses CO2 in the atmosphere as raw materials for microbial utilization to produce fuel and chemicals. At present, the third-generation biosynthesis has made initial progress, and examples have been created that have been successfully applied and operated in commercial mode. For example, LanzaTech and Baosteel Group established a cooperation with the steel plant waste gas CO, CO2 and other gases for the production of bioethanol . In the future, with the development of CO2 fixation and light and electrical energy energy capture technologies, third-generation biosynthesis is expected to become one of the main ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
With the implementation of the carbon trading system, synthetic biological enterprises are expected to further expand their cost advantages. Carbon emission rights trading (carbon trading) is to use carbon emission rights to circulate in the market as a commodity and use market mechanisms to control greenhouse gas emissions. The government allocates carbon emission quotas to enterprises in accordance with the company's emission reduction commitments.When the company's carbon emissions are greater than the carbon emission rights quota they hold, the carbon quota needs to be purchased from the market; conversely, if the carbon emission rights quota held by the company has a surplus, it can be sold in the market to obtain economic benefits. In the future, with the expansion of the carbon trading system penetration field, when low-emission synthetic biological enterprises do not exceed their own carbon quota, they can obtain certain benefits by selling the sales surplus quota to high-carbon emission chemical enterprises, which indirectly leads to a reduction in production costs, thereby helping synthetic biological enterprises to develop rapidly in the context of carbon neutrality.
The wave of synthetic biology has arrived, ushering in historic development opportunities
2000, American scientists successfully built a gene toggle switch, marking the rise of the field of synthetic biology. Since then, synthetic biology has developed rapidly for decades and has become the "third biological science revolution" after the discovery of DNA double helix structures and genome sequencing.
Overall, the development of synthetic biology has generally gone through four stages: the first stage (before 2005) is represented by the application of genetic circuits in the field of metabolic engineering. The typical result of this period is the synthesis of artemisinin precursors in E. coli ; the second stage (2005-2011) the engineering concept is becoming increasingly in-depth, the empowerment technology platform has been paid attention to, and engineering methods and tools have been continuously accumulated; the third stage (2011-2015) the efficiency of genome editing has been greatly improved, and the development and application fields of synthetic biology technology have been continuously expanded; the fourth stage (after 2015) the "design construction test" of synthetic biology has been expanded to "design construction test learning", and the characteristics of the integrated development of biotechnology and information technology have become more and more obvious. At present, we believe that synthetic biology is facing historic development opportunities and is expected to create huge social and economic value.
Opportunity 1: Basic scientific research has gradually developed and matured, providing prerequisites for the industrial application of synthetic biology. In recent years, basic scientific research on synthetic biology has developed rapidly, and major breakthroughs have emerged continuously. For example, a series of disruptive achievements such as CRISPR gene editing technology in 2013, expansion of genetic codon in 2014, engineering yeast synthesis opioids in 2015, new "protein design" in 2016, artificial synthesis of yeast genome in 2018, and CRISPR successfully cures two hereditary blood diseases for the first time, including CRISPR, and other genetic results, have been selected as the top ten scientific breakthroughs of the Science journal for the year. At present, the research on synthetic biology has developed from the activity mechanism of single-cell to multi-cell complex life systems, artificial gene circuits, chassis bioquantitative, controllable design and construction, as well as the hierarchical and functional diversification of artificial cell design and regulation.
From the total number of papers published, synthetic biology has paid unprecedented attention to the scientific community, and scientific research results have continued to accumulate. According to WebofScience's search results, related articles on synthetic biology have increased year by year in recent years, with more than 11,000 published in 2020, indicating that its rise has gradually attracted widespread attention from the scientific community. As of the end of 2020), in the field of synthetic biology research, the number of articles published by American researchers accounted for 34%; the proportion of Chinese researchers accounted for 13%, ranking second in the world, and played an important role in the development of synthetic biology. In general, the development of basic scientific research not only lifts human understanding and transformation ability of life to a whole new level, but also greatly gives birth to the industrial application of biosynthetics.
Opportunity 2: Iterative progress of genome "read-revise-write" technology, promoting the rapid development of synthetic biology. The "read-revised-write" technology of the genome is the cornerstone of synthetic biology research, and the reading of genome sequences is the basis for subsequent modification and reconstruction; the editing of genome sequences is an effective means to annotate sequence functions and can provide theoretical support for the de novo design of genomes; the synthesis and reconstruction of genomes can design wild-type sequences globally, which is the re-verification and reuse of genome-related functions and regulatory mechanisms. The advancement of the "read-revising-write" technology of the genome has been continuously expanding the depth and breadth of the application of synthetic biology, becoming an important driving force for the rapid development of synthetic biology.
Take gene sequencing as an example. From the initial Sanger sequencing to second-generation sequencing and third-generation sequencing, the speed of human reading of genomic sequences has been greatly improved, and it has also greatly reduced the sequencing cost, leading the development of complex genomes and large genomes from sketches to completion of the graph era. In 2003, the human genome project completed the complete sequencing of the entire human genome at a cost of nearly $3 billion, and currently costs less than $1,000. In the next decade or even shorter, the cost of gene sequencing is expected to drop below $100, and the speed will be further accelerated.
Opportunity 3: Countries around the world accelerate the deployment of strategic planning and policy support, driving the research and application of synthetic biology to continue to deepen. The biomanufacturing technology of petrochemical materials is the main direction of upgrading and transformation of the traditional chemical industry. Synthetic biology has become a must-fight technological strategic highland for countries around the world, and has been included in the key strategic development areas of major economies. For example, the US government actively supports basic research and technical research and development of synthetic biology through federal agencies such as National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Department of Defense (DOD). China's synthetic biology development measures are comprehensive, including a large number of interactions between government management agencies and the scientific and technological community, and continuously planning and deploying the development of related industries. (Report source: Future Think Tank)
Synthetic biology is booming, and the application field is rapidly expanding
As one of the technologies of strategic emerging industry, synthetic biology has shown huge application potential. Synthetic biology not only elevates human cognition of the essence of life from "studying things to learn" to "building things to learn", but also provides new ways to solve major problems in the fields of medical and health, agriculture, chemicals, food and consumer goods, showing distinctive characteristics such as cutting-edgeness, subverting existing industrial production processes, having application markets and being able to create new economic growth points. For example, cell sensors are used for clinical medicine , environmental and food monitoring; to treat diseases through bacteria and cells and help crop yields; to produce chemicals, materials, fuels, plant natural ingredients and alternative proteins using microbial cell factories.
Synthetic biology has injected strong impetus into the development of the medical and health field. Medical and health is the downstream field with the greatest influence in synthetic biology. According to McKinsey's forecast, the direct economic impact of the medical and health field around the world in the future will account for about 35% of the total impact of synthetic biology. Synthetic biology is widely used in the field of medical and health, including cellular immunotherapy, RNA drugs, microecological therapy, gene editing related applications, in vitro detection, medical consumables, drug ingredient production and pharmaceutical enzymes. For example, using mRNA technology to quickly synthesize vaccines, using gene editing technology to treat genetic diseases, design immune cells to accurately regulate cell behavior and phenotype to treat tumors, develop fast and sensitive diagnostic reagents, modify microorganisms and synthetic artificial phages to treat diseases, and modify microorganisms to produce medical consumables and drug ingredients, etc. With the innovation and full application of synthetic biology technology, it is expected to further help people prevent, diagnose and treat diseases such as tumors, malaria, and strain infection.
Synthetic biology in the chemical industry is developing rapidly, and the biological route is gradually replacing the traditional chemical route. The application of synthetic biology in the chemical field mainly includes materials and chemicals, chemical enzymes, biofuels, etc. For example, we use modified yeast or other microorganisms to produce chemicals, materials and oils, and through directed evolution combined with high-throughput screening, we find enzymes that have high activity in special scenarios such as high temperature and high acids. According to the paper "Progress in Synthetic Biomanufacturing" in 2021, Zhang Yuanyuan, Zeng Yan, and Wang Qinhong predicted that in the next ten years, it is expected that 35% of petrochemical and coal chemical products can be replaced by synthetic biological products, thereby alleviating the shortage of fossil energy and having a wide impact on chemical, materials, energy and other fields.
Synthetic biology is expected to promote the continuous increase in agriculture and may become the direction of future agricultural development. The application of synthetic biology in the agricultural field mainly involves crop yield increase, pest control, animal feed and crop improvement. For example, using microbial nitrogen fixation to help crops increase yield; using cell-free systems to produce RNA drugs and natural product-derived compounds to protect crops; controlling pests through genetic modification; providing protein feed to livestock through biological fermentation; using gene editing technology to improve crops, etc. We believe that in the future agriculture will undergo disruptive changes due to the technology of synthetic biology. The development of synthetic biology will inevitably affect the future direction of agriculture and show a broad space for development.
Synthetic biology promotes continuous innovation in the food field and provides new ideas and vitality for the development of the food industry. Synthesis Biology in the food field includes many directions such as meat and dairy products, beverages, food safety, flavoring and additives. For example, using microorganisms to produce protein to enhance the taste and nutrition of artificial meat , producing spices, sweetened proteins and sweeteners through microorganisms, and neutralizing toxins by designing and modifying enzymes. With the development of social economy and the improvement of living standards, people pay more attention to food safety, nutrition and flavor, and synthetic biology is expected to play a greater role in the food field.
Synthetic biology is widely used in the field of consumer goods, involving pet food, leather, skin care products and other directions. For example, using microbial fermentation to produce animal protein food to meet pet nutrition and health needs, using mycelium or microbial fermentation to produce leather, and by transforming microorganisms to produce fragrances, moisturizers and active ingredients for skin care products. In the future, as consumers' demand for natural and safer raw materials grows, the consumer goods industry is gradually turning to sources of biological ingredients, and synthetic biology is expected to lead the wave of sustainable innovation in the consumer goods field.
Emerging technologies create huge markets, attracting global capital to influx into
With the support of the gradual maturity of synthetic biology applications, the synthetic biology market has already reached a mature scale. According to data from Huajing Industrial Research Institute, the global synthetic biology market size reached US$6.8 billion in 2020, and increased by by 28.3% year-on-year. With the continuous changes in core technologies, the industry scale is expected to expand further and rapidly. CB Insights expects that the global synthetic biology market size will maintain a high average annual compound growth rate of 22.5% from 2020 to 2025, exceeding US$20 billion by 2025. From the perspective of regional distribution, the global synthetic biology market is dominated by North American , accounting for 58.5% of the total global market size in 2019; Asia-Pacific is the third largest market in the world, accounting for 15.1% of the total global market share in 2019, and has broad room for development.
From the perspective of the global biology industry segment, the medical and health field dominates the market application of synthetic biology. According to CBInsights data, the market size of synthetic biology in the medical and health sector accounted for 39.5% of the total market size in 2019. In addition, chemical, food, agriculture, consumer goods and other fields are also important downstream markets in synthetic biology, and the relevant market segment space is maintaining rapid growth. Among them, the industrial chemical field is the third largest downstream market in synthetic biology. The market size reached US$1.1 billion in 2019, accounting for 20.8% of the total market size of synthetic biology. CBInsights is also expected to continue to grow at an annual compound rate of 27.5% from 2019 to 2024, nurturing important market opportunities.
As the scale of the synthetic biology market continues to expand, capital's attention has accelerated its concentration towards synthetic biology. According to SynbioBeta, financing in the field of synthetic biology has increased significantly in the past decade, from US$400 million in 2011 to US$7.8 billion in 2020, with an annual compound growth rate of 37%. In the first half of 2021 alone, financing in the field of synthetic biology exceeded the total in 2020, reaching US$8.9 billion. At the same time, the average financing amount of enterprises in the synthetic biology field shows an increasing trend year by year, indicating that the scale of enterprises is constantly increasing and the scale of enterprises is constantly expanding. Judging from the performance of the capital market, with the acceleration of market penetration, the synthetic biology industry is expected to usher in an explosive period.
is derived from CITIC Securities , Industry Reporting Research Institute, etc., and has been modified
