I want to talk about the origin of cultural relics in Taipei Palace Museum .
992% of the cultural relics in the Palace Museum in Taipei come from Forbidden City during the war. In the 1930s and 1940s, this batch of cultural relics went from the Forbidden City to the Palace Museum in Taipei, and in total, it underwent four major cultural relics migrations.
cultural relics migration roadmap
First migration: From Peking to Shanghai
1931, the "September 18th" Incident broke out, and the plan for "cultural relics migration" was proposed. Due to obstacles and threats from all sides, it was not until noon on February 5, 1933 that the first migration of cultural relics began, and the destination was Shanghai.
cultural relics were divided into five batches and transported one after another. It was not until December 1936 that 19557 boxes of cultural relics finally arrived in Nanjing. At that time, a warehouse was built in Chaotian Palace in Nanjing one month in advance, specifically for preserving cultural relics. Unfortunately, the July 7 Incident broke out in 1937, Peking fell, and Nanjing was in a critical situation. Cultural relics had to be moved again.
Nanjing Chaotiangong warehouse
Nanjing Chaotiangong warehouse
The second migration: Transfer from Nanjing to the rear
The three roads are South Road, Middle Road and North Road, among which North Road is the most difficult route, and of course the other two roads have also experienced various disasters. It seems that transporting a batch of cultural relics is easy to reach the destination in a few hours or a day or two. However, at that time, the only means of transportation that could be used were ships, cars, etc., and we must always beware of enemy bombing, bandits, and shortage of materials. Many cultural relics may be damaged if they are not careful on the way.
Cultural Relics Packaging
South Road: Nanjing-Hankou-Changsha-Guiyang-Anshun
Treasure Protectors: Zhuang Yan, Zeng Zhanyao, Na Zhiliang , Zhu Jiaji, Li Guangdi, Zheng Shiwen
I don’t need to say how difficult the conditions were during the War of Resistance Against Japan. Sometimes the salary cannot be received in time. The transporters eat brown rice mixed with stones and chaff, which is nicknamed " Eight Treasure Rice ". , "Eight Treasure Rice" is not easy to get, and it was obtained by one of the solemn wives, one of the escorts, who went out to teach part-time.
Middle Road: Nanjing-Hankou-Yichang-Chongqing-Yibin-Leshan An Ancient Town
Treasure protectionists: Ma Heng, Hang Liwu, Wu Yuzhang, Niu Deming, Li Guangdi, Xu Senyu, Zhu Xuekan, Liu Guane, Liang Tingwei
This batch of cultural relics fell shortly after they arrived in Hankou. Hankou is no longer safe, and the cultural relics are urgently transferred to Chongqing. Soon after, Chongqing encountered another air strike. Whenever an aircraft came to bomb, the Swedish national flag would be planted. Although the location of the cultural relics has not been bombed, the staff of Palace Museum decided to transfer the cultural relics again. Unfortunately, on the way to Leshan, Zhu Xuekan died in the line of duty.
North Road: Nanjing-Xuzhou-Zhengzhou-Xi'an-Baoji-Hanzhong-Emei
treasure protectors: Ma Yanxiang , Wang Zhihong, Wu Yuzhang, Jiang Dingwen, Na Zhiliang, Huang Guisheng, Liang Kuangzhong
The convoy passed through Mingyuexia, Shaanxi
North Road. The departure of Nanjing began in November 1937, when Nanjing was in chaos. (Remember when the Nanjing Massacre was? December 13, 1937 ~ January 1938) At that time, the staff could only use the station as their home. When a car came, they jumped up to pack it. When they encountered an alarm, they could only hide under the car on the spot. Finally, 7,281 boxes of cultural relics were shipped out. When we arrive at the route from Baoji to Hanzhong, the vehicles carrying cultural relics have to cross the Qinling Mountains in winter. It can be said that "it is difficult to walk! It is difficult to walk!" Fortunately, I spent it smoothly in the end. But as soon as the car arrived in Hanzhong, the enemy began to bomb Hanzhong Airport , and the cultural relics had to be transferred again. This time the destination was Chengdu.
From Hanzhong to Chengdu
The third migration: All cultural relics returned to Nanjing
Despite the dangers and difficulties, all cultural relics finally succeeded in meeting in Chongqing. It was not until January 1946 that cultural relics returned to Nanjing. On December 9, 1947, the cultural relics returned to the Chaotian Palace in Nanjing.
The fourth migration: From the mainland to Taiwan
Cultural Relics Transfer Documents
The author has something to say:
When reading the book "Taipei Forbidden City", the first chapter of the migration of national treasures and the second chapter of the six national treasures, the six gentlemen, really looked and cried. In that era, the difficulties and hardships of transporting nearly 20,000 boxes of cultural relics were beyond our imagination, but they did it. Many of them were transported from north to south, from east to west, and finally from west to east, crossing most of China, time and time again, there were so many touching stories during the period, which was really touching. (Five thousand words are omitted here...) We should remember every name that transports cultural relics, they are the real treasure protectors!
Reference:
"Taipei Forbidden City" Zhou Bing, Beijing Times Huawen Bookstore
Documentary: Taipei Forbidden City
(all illustrations in this article are illustrations of the book "Taipei Forbidden City")
