China Association for Science and Technology Ecological Environment Industry-Academic Consortium released the top ten scientific and technological progress of China's ecological environment in 2020 in Beijing. China News Agency reporter Sun Zifa photographed
The China Association for Science and Technology Ecological Environment Industry-Academic Consortium released the top ten scientific and technological progress of China's ecological environment in 2020 in Beijing. China News Agency reporter Sun Zifa photographed
China News Network Beijing, June 5 (Reporter Sun Zifa) June 5 is World Environment Day . The China Association for Science and Technology Ecological Environment Industry-Academic Consortium released the top ten scientific and technological progress of China's ecological environment in 2020 in Beijing on the same day. 10 scientific and technological progress including "carbon peak carbon neutrality", "GEP accounting", and "new coronavirus aerosol research" were selected. At the press conference of
, Lu Zhaoping, member of the Party Leadership Group of the China Association for Science and Technology and Secretary of the Secretariat, delivered a speech. Photo by Sun Zifa, China News Service reporter,
The latest released top ten scientific and technological progress in China's ecological environment in 2020 are:
- Research on China's long-term low-carbon development strategy that supports the decision to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality target. Tsinghua University Climate Change and Sustainable Development Institute takes the lead in organizing more than 130 experts and scholars from 24 famous research institutions in China to carry out research on low-carbon development strategies and transformation paths in many fields such as economy, society, industry, environment, climate, and policy. This study comprehensively and systematically proposed the transformation paths (current policies, strengthening policies, 2 degrees Celsius and 1.5 degrees Celsius) and their carbon emission paths, technical needs, economic costs and environmental impacts for the first time, revealing the comprehensive mechanism and laws between the transformation goals, timing of action and the intensity of the measures, and the transformation effect and economic costs, explaining the consistency between China's goal of achieving socialist modernization in the new era and the goal of controlling global temperature rise under the " Paris Agreement ", and putting forward path selection suggestions for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
In October 2020, the Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development of Tsinghua University jointly released research results with various research units. It was not only widely cited by Chinese and foreign research institutions, but also provided important reference for Chinese government departments, localities, industries and enterprises to formulate carbon peak and carbon neutrality plans.
- The future-oriented Chinese sewage treatment concept plant was created. The construction of a future-oriented Chinese sewage treatment concept plant is a direction for the industry proposed by Chinese scientists led by Qu Jiuhui , academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. It aims to establish engineering examples of sewage treatment resource utilization, energy and ecologicalization, and explore leapfrog development paths for sewage treatment in technology, engineering construction and other aspects.
After nearly 7 years of research and exploration, the concept factory technical team has built a technical system of more than 40 core key technologies. In 2020, the third sewage treatment plant in Sui County, Henan Province was completed and put into operation. Several core key technologies were verified by engineering to realize sewage regeneration and comprehensive treatment of organic waste (domestic waste, sludge, livestock and poultry manure, etc.), wetland-sponge integration, self-supply of more than 50% of electricity and nutrient recycling.
The construction of China's sewage treatment concept plant will promote China's sewage treatment industry toward a circular, low-carbon and ecological development path, and contribute to the carbon peak and carbon neutrality of the sewage treatment industry.
—Theoretical and method system for the coordination between golden channel development and river ecological protection. Peking University and other units explored the sustainable development path of the global golden waterway and built a golden waterway identification method based on the dual attributes of the natural and social and economic nature of the waterway; proposed the three-stage theory of the development of the gold waterway in the gold waterway, and clarified the division standards and development characteristics of each stage.
The project team further constructed a method system for the evaluation of the Yangtze River Golden Waterway in the governance of multiple typical waterways in response to the key issues of the coordinated development of river shipping and ecosystem functions, and was used in the governance of multiple typical waterways.Establish a full-factor monitoring-detection method system for rivers, reveal the driving mechanism for changes in the entire material flux of the Yangtze River (water, sand, inorganic elements, biosources, emerging pollutants, greenhouse gases, benthic animals, algae, fish, microorganisms, etc.), and propose a plan for long-term ecological environment monitoring and review throughout the entire process of ecological waterway planning, construction, operation and maintenance. The research results of the
project have been condensed into the Chinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology Think Tank Report and the Academician Consulting Report, providing important scientific and technological support for the national "14th Five-Year Plan" and the long-term development strategy decisions for the future waterway development.
——Key technology for optimizing the path of coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change. Scientifically understand the interaction and synergistic benefits of air pollution and climate change. High-quality source emission data is the scientific basis. Accurate coupling of climate evaluation model and air quality model with to is the technical key. The main completion unit of this project is Tsinghua University team made major breakthroughs in three aspects:
First, develop a dynamic response model for strong emission sources to economy, energy, and governance measures, and establish a multi-scale coupled atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gas source emission list for detailed industries and technologies.
The second is to develop a real-time response model for environmental air quality to emission control measures by industry and species, and break through the counter-calculation technology for pollutant emission reduction under the goal of improving atmospheric environmental quality.
The third is to build an interdisciplinary comprehensive assessment model of energy economy-air quality-climate health, realize cost-benefit assessment and path optimization of coordinated governance measures for air pollution and climate change, evaluate the coordinated emission reduction benefits of greenhouse gas under the path of air quality compliance, and quantify the health and climate impact of low-carbon energy policies.
The research results support the coordinated emission reduction of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases, reveal the important effect of energy policy measures on the coordinated emission reduction of the two, and provide scientific and technological support for the control of air pollution and climate change response.
——Gross production (GEP) accounting method and application. The concept of GEP of the GDP of ecosystems was proposed by Researcher Ouyang Zhiyun, the Center for Ecological Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Zhu Chunquan, a researcher of World Union for Conservation of Nature, in 2013, referred to as "Gross Ecological Product Value", which is the sum of the final product and service value provided by the ecosystem for human welfare and economic and social sustainable development. After
proposed the concept of GEP, Ouyang Zhiyun's research team built a GEP accounting system and accounting model from three aspects: material products, regulation service products and non-material products, and developed an evaluation method that portrays nature's contribution to social and economics, and applied this method to the accounting of the GDP of the ecosystem in Qinghai Province. Research shows that GEP accounting can quantitatively reveal the ecological relationship between ecosystem products and service providers and beneficiaries, and can provide scientific basis for the evaluation of ecological protection effectiveness, the formulation of ecological compensation policies, and the inclusion of ecological benefits into the economic and social evaluation system.
It is understood that the GEP accounting method and its application results in Qinghai Province were published in " Proceedings of the American Academy of Sciences " (PNAS) in 2020. The concept of GEP was also adopted by the United Nations Statistics Agency as one of the ecosystem accounting indicators in the same year. At the same time, the GEP accounting method, which has received widespread attention, has been implemented in 23 cities (prefectures, leagues) and more than 100 counties (cities, districts) in many provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China.
—Key technologies and engineering applications for automatic supervision of surface water environmental quality in the country.The main completion unit of the project, China Environmental Monitoring Station, has studied and constructed an automatic supervision technology system in response to the major needs of water environment management of "national construction, national monitoring, and national assessment", and has carried out engineering application and promotion. The main innovative achievements include:
First, it is the first to automate the key links of quality control, and the quality control technical means are continuously improved, and the timeliness is greatly improved; second, it is the first to develop the national automatic monitoring information management application system for the automatic monitoring process, and the construction and operation and management of the national automatic water quality monitoring network.
Based on innovative technological achievements, the project has been built with domestically produced independent intellectual property instruments and a national surface water environmental quality automatic monitoring network composed of 1,794 water stations, covering 31 provincial administrative regions and seven major river basins across the country, becoming the most vast, largest and most complete surface water quality automatic monitoring network in the world. The network can warn of water environment risks, and monitoring data can be used for the national water environment quality evaluation assessment, providing strong technical support for the national surface water environment quality evaluation, assessment and ranking.
—The third Qinghai-Tibet Plateau scientific experiment—Border layer and troposphere observation. After eight years of overcoming difficulties, this project has scientifically experimented and innovatively developed comprehensive observation technology for land surface-boundary layer-troposphere-troposphere multi-scale processes and cloud-precipitation physical processes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, achieved important breakthroughs in the integrated comprehensive observation technology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau sky-earth-space integration, filled a number of meteorological observation business gaps in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area, and achieved important innovative results in the development of remote sensing inversion algorithms and model parameterization schemes for key water cycle variables, revealing important observation facts and physical processes.
The main contents of the innovative achievements of this project include: revealing the unique physical characteristics of land surface-boundary strata-tropospheric cloud precipitation in the low temperature environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer and the global climate effect generated by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau through global large-scale vertical circulation and remote correlation; propose the view that the maximum entropy increase model is used to reduce the cold deviation of the numerical forecast model in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas, and significantly improve the precipitation simulation ability of the numerical forecast model in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the downstream areas by improving the physical process parameterization method and assimilation technology in the plateau area. The
project promotes the transformation of results into business in accordance with the development concept of "research and development", and achieves the application of 26 major achievements in national and provincial meteorological services, supports the layout design of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau frozen sphere and ecosystem observation station website of the China Meteorological Administration , improves the business capabilities of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau meteorological observation business, and enables the quality of China's satellite atmospheric precipitability business products in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region to reach the international advanced level, and improves the national, regional center and provincial weather forecasting business capabilities. The precipitation forecast and early warning levels in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan have been significantly improved. At the same time, the scientific experimental results of the project also strongly support disaster reduction and prevention work, which has important scientific value for understanding the air water resources status of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and produces obvious socio-economic benefits.
- Discover "channel and mechanism for edible vegetables and crops to absorb microplastic ". Yantai Coastal Belt Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences/ Nanjing Soil Researcher Researcher Luo Yongming led the team to take the lead in conducting research on the absorption and accumulation of microplastics in higher plants. He found that 0.2 micron (μm) polystyrene microspheres can be absorbed and enriched by the roots of lettuce under the conditions of nutrient solution, and migrate from the roots to the ground, accumulating and distributing among stems and leaves that can be eaten directly.
research team further used wastewater hydroponics and sand cultivation and soil cultivation experiments to simulate wastewater irrigation. They found that submicron-level and even micron-level plastic particles can penetrate wheat and lettuce root systems into the plant body, and under the action of transpiration tension, they enter the upper part of the crop with water and nutrient flow through the catheter system.At the same time, a channel and mechanism for plastic particles to enter the plant body: there are narrow gaps at the edge of the plant's new roots, and the plastic particles can cross the barrier through this "channel" to enter the root xylem catheter and further transport to the stem and leaf tissue. Related results were published in "Nature Sustainability" and " Science Bulletin ", which reported and confirmed the absorption, transmission and distribution of submicron and even micron-scale plastic particles by vegetables and crops, and discovered the lateral root gap channels and mechanisms of plants absorbing microplastics. The research results of the
project break the traditional understanding of the inability of microplastic particles to enter vegetables and crops, provide scientific basis for studying the mechanisms of microplastic absorption and accumulation of microplastics, food chain transmission and human health risks in higher plants, and also open a new door for terrestrial microplastic research.
——Key technology for coordinated prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin. This project aims at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau , southern hilly and southern plain water network areas, which are concentrated in eutrophication lakes and prominent non-point source pollution. After more than 20 years of practice, it has achieved three innovations: First, create agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring methods and prevention and control theory in the basin; second, break through key technologies that combine pollution control with resource utilization; third, innovate agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control technology models such as the Dali model, the Xingshan model and the Yixing model, and formulate three agricultural industry standards.
Since 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has held 6 national on-site observation meetings, promoting and applying the Dali, Xingshan and Yixing models to 118 national non-point source pollution control project counties in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southern hilly and mountainous areas and southern plain water network areas.
The research results of this project have now been included in the national non-point source pollution prevention and control plan. In the past two years, 97.4 million mu were promoted and applied, 350,000 tons of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction, 40,000 tons of nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction, and a comprehensive benefit of 8.8 billion yuan. At the same time, 7 national agricultural industry standards and 7 local standards were formulated; 25 invention patents were authorized and 31 utility model patents (2 have been converted); 6 works were published; 115 papers were published.
—Research on the collection and monitoring of the new coronavirus aerosol . Professor Yao Maosheng and his cooperative team have made breakthrough progress in the collection and monitoring of the new coronavirus aerosols, and obtained direct evidence of the spread of the new coronavirus by aerosols in :
First, a rapid detection system for the on-site air in the new coronavirus (400 liters of air can be collected per minute) was created through integrated independent research and development of large-flow air sampling (400 liters of air can be collected per minute) and commercial robots, nucleic acid amplification and other technologies. This system was used to find that the concentration of the new coronavirus in the medical environment in Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic can reach 9-219 per cubic meter of air, and the concentration of the new coronavirus is monitored in some bathroom air as high as 6,000 viruses per cubic meter. The system can collect aerosol samples in a programmatic scanning manner without personnel entering the tested environment, and send the collected samples to the set locations to reduce the infection risk of sampled personnel, identify the risk of new coronavirus infection in the air, and effectively protect the medical environment and life and property safety.
The second is to use the independently developed exhaled breath collection system to reveal that human breathing is also an important way for the transmission of new coronary pneumonia , and provide a direct scientific basis for measures such as ventilation, wearing masks, and maintaining social distance to protect the spread of new coronary epidemic.
, with the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China special project, Professor Maosheng developed the technical method ACW plays a prominent role in the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic. The research results provide an important scientific basis for scientific prevention and control of the spread of the new crown pneumonia epidemic around the world. At the
press conference, Lu Zhaoping, member of the Party Leadership Group of the China Association for Science and Technology and Secretary of the Secretariat, said in a speech that the release of the top ten scientific and technological progress of the ecological environment in 2020 will surely provide strong scientific and technological support for China's ecological environment protection and ecological civilization construction. United Nations Environment Programme Representative to China Tu Ruihe said in his speech that science and technology play an important role in responding to the three major global environmental crises of climate change, ecosystem degradation and pollution. The top ten scientific and technological progress in ecological environment released by China are the best practice, application and proof of this.
Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and vice chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology Ecological Environment Industry-Academic Consortium Zhang Yuanhang introduced the selection of the top ten scientific and technological progress progress of the ecological environment released this time, and representatives of scientists from the top ten scientific and technological progress completion units introduced their respective progress. In addition, the China Association for Science and Technology Ecological Environment Industry-Academic Consortium also signed a contract with Meituan for the "Science and Technology Innovation China-Meituan Qingshan Environmental Protection Science and Technology Innovation Demonstration Project".
It is understood that the China Association for Science and Technology Ecological Environment Industry-Academic Consortium was established in 2018. It is a collaborative innovation organization jointly initiated and established by 11 national societies, including environment, ecology, meteorology, geography, agriculture, forestry, soil, geology, ocean, water conservancy, and renewable energy, well-known enterprises in the field of ecological environment, academic research institutions and social organizations. (End)
Source: China News Network
