Author: Wangqing
In the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea that lasted for 2 years and 9 months, 27 military-level units of the ground troops of the Volunteer Army entered North Korea to participate in the war. Among them, the 16th Army may be the most depressing one. Why is this? Let me tell you slowly.
16 Army was the 1st Column of the Second Field Army, the famous Yang Su Column. The bloodline of its troops can be traced back to the "Model Red 5th Regiment" belonging to the Red 1st Legion, and the 12th Regiment of the Red 4th Division belonging to the Red 3rd Legion, which can be said to be a good leader. During the War of Liberation, the column was not as famous as Chen Geng's 4th Column, nor was it "stolen" as the rising star Wang Jinshan's 6th Column, but it was a main force trusted by Liu and Deng, and made countless contributions in the War of Liberation.
After the Great Southwest Campaign at the end of 1949, the 16th Army headquarters also served as the Zunyi Military Sub-district, its 46th Division and Tongren Military Sub-district, the 47th Division and Bijie Military Sub-district, and the 48th Division were transferred to the Sichuan South Military Region to stay in Luzhou . In other words, the entire 16th Army was suppressing bandits and establishing politics. If no major incident occurs, this journey of merit will probably be "localized".
The outbreak of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea gave the 16th Army a historical turning point that was going further and further on the road of "localization". In February 1951, the 16th Army units that were urgently gathered completed handover with the local governments, and the entire army left Guizhou and headed north to prepare to enter North Korea to participate in the war. In view of the fact that the 13th Corps and 9th Corps of the Volunteer Army that entered North Korea in the early stage were still "Wanguo Brand" equipment, which caused extremely difficult logistics supply, the headquarters decided that the troops entering North Korea would change into emergency imported Soviet equipment, and then complete modification training before entering North Korea to participate in the war.
However, the 3rd Corps, 19th Corps, 20th Corps and the 47th Army and other departments of the Volunteer Army were actually only equipped with Soviet light weapons because of the urgent frontline war. Many commanders and soldiers even thought that the original light weapon was easy to use and retained the original light weapons. Considering that the troops entering North Korea were enough to deal with the needs of the war, the headquarters did not rush to let the 16th Army participate in the war, but instead listed it as a model unit, implemented a complete set of Soviet equipment and adapted it according to the Soviet army.
In other words, the 16th Army must not only fully replace the Soviet military, but also comprehensively learn from the Soviet army's organization and copy the various regulations and regulations of the Soviet army. The workload of this adaptation will be huge. After the adaptation, the infantry division under the 16th Army had three infantry regiments, one tank regiment, one artillery regiment, one , one anti-tank artillery battalion, one anti-aircraft artillery battalion and other support units, with a total number of 16,000 people. Each infantry regiment has 3 infantry battalions and 1 artillery battalion . Each infantry battalion has 3 infantry companies, 1 artillery company, 1 machine gun company, and 1 industrial company. Each tank regiment has a medium tank battalion and a self-propelled artillery battalion.
This is an unprecedentedly huge organization of our army since its founding. According to the standards at that time, it can be called mechanized troops . However, for our army commanders and fighters, it took a full 20 months to master complex technical equipment, learn the Soviet army regulations that are incompatible with our army's traditional habits, and pass the assessment and acceptance of Soviet army consultants. In these 20 months, the fourth and fifth battles of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea were completed, and the "Autumn Offensive" was also shattered by Volunteers , and the tactical counterattack of the 1952 Volunteers was also completed. The 16th Army is still training and learning endlessly in the country, which makes the commanders and fighters of the army anxiously get angry, but they can do nothing.
During this period, the 47th Division, under the 16th Army, was transferred by the Volunteer Army headquarters to the east coast of the peninsula to take on garrison tasks, but did not get a war and was ordered to return to the construction in March 1952. After finally enduring until December 1952, the depressed commanders and fighters of the 16th Army finally came to good news: the superiors approved the 16th Army to enter North Korea and participate in the war!
The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea was fought until the end of 1952, and the rotational war system of the volunteer army had been polished quite maturely through practice. As a heavy-armed unit with all Soviet equipment, the 16th Army was first arranged to prepare for anti-landing operations on the west coast. What made the 16th Army commanders and fighters depressed was that Eisenhower was crazy about clamoring to carry out a "middle blow" against the Sino-Korean coalition forces when he was elected. However, after being elected, he was silently swallowed his extremely tough "big words" back to his stomach, dispelling the idea of "landing on the side".
The 16th Army, which had not been waiting for the US landing troops, was finally allowed to go to the forefront. did not expect that the 46th Division, the first echelon, did not quickly leave the railway station after arriving at the destination on the railway maneuver, and as a result, 203 casualties were killed and killed in the US air strike. I finally got on the front line, but I was not good at getting off the battlefield! The 16 army was anxious. All command levels were busy learning from the brothers' forces, repeatedly summarizing the experience and lessons, and finally determined the plan to advance the entire army with a battalion scale to "marche in a tiered manner, and take advantage of the enemy's air strikes to leap forward step by step". Since then, they have not suffered any major losses.
However, when the 16th Army fully took over the defense of the brothers, it was already June 1953, and the second phase of the Volunteer Summer Counterattack was coming to an end. The third phase of this summer counterattack is the famous Jincheng Battle . What made the commanders and fighters of the 16th Army feel depressed again is that the 16th Army Defense Zone is not on the Jincheng front line, so it cannot fight as happily as the 60th Army, 67th Army, 68th Army, 54th Army, and 21st Army. Of course, in order to restrain the enemy in front of you and not allow them to reinforce the direction of Jincheng, small-scale battles also took place in the front line of the defense of the 16th Army. But the results of the battle are a bit unfavorable compared to those of the brothers.
is actually not just the 16th Army, but even Mr. Peng feels very sorry. Originally, the Volunteer Army Headquarters had made plans to hoard enough food, ammunition and materials to fight two more counterattacks of the scale like the Battle of Jincheng. A new force with unprecedented firepower like the 16th Army is the only heavy-armed army of the Volunteer Army. General Peng originally planned to invest in the subsequent attack. However, the military must obey the needs of the overall situation. The signing of the armistice agreement has forced the volunteers to urgently stop the follow-up offensive plan that is being prepared for.
After the armistice, the actual contact line between the two sides was classified as a "demilitarized zone" within 2 kilometers of north and south. According to the agreement reached by both parties, no military-related facilities cannot be retained in the "Demilitarized Zone". No one is allowed to enter the "demilitarized zone" without the consent of both parties.
However, the Korean army, which was unwilling to accept the truce, never stopped its various destruction, infiltration and provocation activities to the north since the first day of the truce reached. The commanders and soldiers of the 16th Army were already full of anger when they failed to fight a big battle. Seeing that the Li puppet army could not make any good on the battlefield, and after the truce, they still did all the stealing things that could not be on the table, so they threw the fire on the heads of these little ones.
Of course, the 16th Army is very strategic. If you can not fire, try not to fire. If you can solve the problem with your fists and feet, you will never use cold weapons. And make sure that your side does not cross the boundary and does not give the other side a handle. According to statistics, during the five years of being in the forefront of the 38th Line, the 16th Army smashed dozens of attempts to secretly move the boundary stake north. Through ambush, more than 40 people of the Li puppet army were captured and relevant information was informed to the North Korean side. The North Korean side captured the North Korean side did not include it.
Of course, blindly defending passively is not the combat style of the 16th Army. The army took advantage of the regular meeting between the liaison officers of the two sides and used various channels to contact the grassroots officers and soldiers of the Li puppet army. Start by chatting about family matters and giving small gifts, gradually resolve the other party's hostility, and then introduce our army's policies to the other party in various ways, indicating that the volunteers were still on the peninsula at this time, in order to prevent war dealers from provoking war again. After the situation stabilizes, no soldiers or soldiers will be left on the peninsula; all affairs on the peninsula are your family affairs, and they should be resolved by the north and south closed the doors and themselves... Later, the commanders and fighters of the 16th Army actually held a party with the Li puppet army opposite.
16 How effective is the work of the Li puppet army in front of him? It is the most convincing to speak with facts: in five years, more than 10 Li puppet troops took the initiative to surrender to the 16th Army, and many Li puppet soldiers took the initiative to provide us with enemy defense and defense replacement information. The internal documents of the Li puppet army intercepted by the Chinese and North Koreans also admitted that the 16th Army of China and North Korea often implemented "propaganda" against me, and the morale of the troops was depressed...
In April 1958, the 16th Army was ordered to return to China and ended the hijacking and aiding Korea journey. Although the army regretted that it failed to exert the power of the entire set of Soviet equipment, it made the South hate grit its teeth on the battlefield without gunpowder, but it was helpless.
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