Since the founding of New China in 1949, according to actual conditions, my country's provincial administrative divisions have undergone several major changes. In the more than 70 years since the founding of New China, the provincial administrative divisions have changed significantly in the five years from 1954, 1959, 1969, 1988 and 1996.
1. Changes in provincial administrative divisions in my country
(I) At the beginning of the founding of New China in 1949, my country's provincial administrative divisions
At that time, there were 49 provincial administrative units in my country (including: 30 provinces, 12 municipalities directly under the Central Government, 5 administrative districts, 1 autonomous region, and 1 place). That is: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Pingyuan Province, , Chahar Province, , Suiyuan, Shenyang, Fushun, Anshan City, , Benxi City, , Liaodong Province, , Liaoxi Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Songjiang Province, Rehe Province, Tourism Administration District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Province, Qinghai Province, Xinjiang Province, Shanghai City, Nanjing City, Shandong Province, North Jiangsu Administration District, South Jiangsu Administration District, North Jiangsu Administration District, South Anhui Administration District, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Taiwan Province, Wuhan City, Guangzhou City, Henan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, Chongqing City, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Xikang Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tibet Place.
(II) In 1954, my country's provincial administrative divisions were adjusted several times and became 32 (including: 26 provinces, 3 municipalities, 1 autonomous region, 1 place, and 1 region). That is: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Rehe, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xikang, Changdu region, and Tibet.
(III) In 1959, my country's provincial administrative divisions
my country's provincial administrative divisions have changed several times, becoming 30 (including: 22 provinces, 2 municipalities, 5 autonomous regions, and 1 region). That is: Beijing, Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shanghai, Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Taiwan Province, Henan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Dui Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Changdu Region, and Tibet Autonomous Region (Preparatory Committee).
(IV) In 1969, my country's provincial zoning
There were a total of 30 provincial administrative units (including: 22 provinces, 3 municipalities directly under the Central Government, and 5 autonomous regions). That is: on the basis of 1959, Tianjin City was designated as a municipality from Hebei Province; Guangxi Tong Autonomous Region was changed to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Changdu Region was incorporated into Tibet, and Tibet Autonomous Region was officially established.
(V) In 1988, my country's provincial division
my country added Hainan Province, turning my country's provincial administrative units into 31 (including: 23 provinces, 3 municipalities directly under the Central Government, and 5 autonomous regions). On April 13, 1988, the Hainan Administrative Region of Guangdong Province was abolished and Hainan Province and Hainan Special Economic Zone were established. The establishment of Hainan's province is the inevitable end of the development of the times. Today, when the ocean is becoming more and more important, Hainan's geographical location is really important. Everyone knows that the image of our country is only a rooster. Hainan Island and Taiwan Island are two legs, and neither is missing. Their importance is self-evident.
(VI) From 1989 to 2022, my country's provincial division
was July 1, 1997 and December 20, 1999. Hong Kong and Macao have successively returned to the motherland and established the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region respectively; on March 14, 1997, the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress approved the establishment of Chongqing Municipality, and the former Chongqing Municipality was abolished, and the former Chongqing Municipality was under the jurisdiction of Chongqing, Wanxian City, Fuling City and Qianjiang District. There are 43 districts, cities and counties with an area of 824.0295 square kilometers and 30.02 million people. On June 18, 1997, the Chongqing municipal government agency was officially listed. Chongqing has become a municipality directly under the central government for the third time in history.In 1981, the state decided to restore the corps formation. In 1990, the Corps' national economic and social development plan was listed separately in the country. In 1996, 1997 and 2007, in order to further increase support for the Corps and improve the development environment of the Corps, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council successively issued important documents on strengthening the Corps' work. The Xinjiang Corps began to establish a city and build a town, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps has become a provincial administrative region. Currently, the Corps has 14 divisions, 10 established cities and 149 regiments. The State Council issued a document to rank the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps with all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
As of July 2022, my country has a total of 32 provincial administrative units (including: 23 provinces, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government, 5 autonomous regions), 2 special administrative regions and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. That is, what we see today is Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet Autonomous Region, Chongqing, Hainan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
2. The origin of the provincial administrative region and its abbreviation is
1. Beijing. Beijing is an ancient capital with a history of more than 3,000 years. It has different titles in different dynasties, and roughly has more than 20 alias. It was first called Ji, and it was Yandu in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. It was the capital during the Liao Dynasty, and it was called Yanjing. It was the capital during the Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It was established in 1928, referred to as Beijing. Compared with Nanjing, Peking is called Beijing.
2, Tianjin. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Emperor Jindu was appointed as Tianjin and Wei, and the Qing Dynasty was governed by Tianjin Prefecture. In 1928, it was established as Tianjin.
3. Hebei Province is named after it is located north of the Yellow River of . The Yuan Dynasty belongs to the Central Secretariat , and was named Zhili in the Qing Dynasty. It was called Hebei Province in 1928, and was abbreviated as Hebei.
4, Shanxi Province. Located west of Taihang Mountain, it is therefore called "Shanxi". In the spring and autumn , it was the State of Jin. The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Shanxi Road, the Secretariat Province, and the Qing Dynasty was Shanxi Province, which was abbreviated as Jin.
5. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In the Qing Dynasty, the early Mongolian tribes attached to the south of the desert were called "Nezhazak Mongolia", and the later sected Khalkha, Erut and other tribes "Unizhazak Mongolia", and the Chahar, Tanuwulianghai tribes that did not have sac, were called "Inner Mongolia". "Nezhazak Mongolia" later evolved into the term "Inner Mongolia". In Mongolian, the name of Inner Mongolia was originally the same as that of Chinese. In 1947, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government changed the Mongolian name to. Among them, Mongolian means "the sunny side of the mountain" that is "the south side of the Yin Mountain". Chinese is generally still called "Inner Mongolia", and a few people also call this area the word originated from Mongolia in southern desert, which is literally translated as "Southern Mongolia". The Qing Dynasty was the Inner Mongolia region and established the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947, referred to as Inner Mongolia for short.
6, Liaoning Province. It was named after the Liaohe River in its territory. It was named Shengjing in the early Qing Dynasty, and later changed to Fengtian Province. In 1929, it was changed to Liaoning Province, abbreviated as Liao.
7, Jilin Province. Because Jilin City in the territory was named after the province, it was the land of Bohai, and the land of Jurchen in the Ming Dynasty. Jilin Province was established in the late Qing Dynasty, and abbreviated as Jilin.
8, Heilongjiang Province. Because the border river Heilongjiang was named after the province, it was the jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang General in the early Qing Dynasty. Heilongjiang Province was established in the late Qing Dynasty, and abbreviated as Heilongjiang Province.
9, Shanghai. According to legend, a section near the Wusong River was called Hudu in ancient times. It was established in the Song Dynasty and was first called Shanghai. It was established in 1920, and was referred to as Hu or Shen for short. During the Jin Dynasty, fishermen created the fishing tool "Hu", and the river flowed into the sea was called "Du", so the area in the lower reaches of Songjiang was called "Hudu", and later changed to "Hu", so Shanghai was called "Hu". In 1292, the Yuan Dynasty demarcated Shanghai Town from Huating County and approved the establishment of Shanghai County, marking the beginning of Shanghai's founding. According to Professor Tan Qixiang's "The Year of the Founding of Shanghai and the Establishment of Towns", as well as the analysis of other historical materials and the surrounding environment, it is certain that a settlement site of residents named Shanghai should have appeared in the 10th century AD, which is the late period of the Five Dynasties of or the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty in history.Why is the name of a settlement called "Shanghai"? That's because this settlement appears on the edge of a river, a tributary of the Wusong River and is named "Shanghai Pu". Near it, there is a river called "Xiahaipu". The settlement in Shanghai appears next to "Shanghai Pu", so the name of the settlement is "Shanghai".
10, Jiangsu Province. In the early Qing Dynasty, it belonged to , Jiangnan Province, and later took one character of Jiangning (Nanjing) and Suzhou, and established Jiangsu Province, which was referred to as Su for short.
11, Zhejiang Province. There is a Dahe Qiantang River (formerly known as Zhejiang) in the territory. The Tang Dynasty established two roads in the east and west of Zhejiang, and was first called Zhejiang. The Qing Dynasty was Zhejiang Province, and it was called Zhejiang for short.
12, Anhui Province. At the time of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Anhui Mountain (now Guishan) was near Anbo's fiefdom. In the early Qing Dynasty, Anqing and Huizhou were taken one character each with Anhui Province, which was abbreviated as Anhui Province.
13, Fujian Province. In the Tang Dynasty, one character was taken from Fuzhou and Jianzhou, and the "Fujian General Envoy" was established. The Southern Song Dynasty established 1 prefecture, 5 prefectures and 2 armies, so it was called Bamin. Because the largest water system in the territory was Minjiang , it was called Fujian.
14, Jiangxi Province. The Tang Dynasty belonged to the West Road in Jiangnan, the Song Dynasty belonged to the East and West Roads in Jiangnan, and the Yuan Dynasty established the Jiangxi Province, and the Qing Dynasty became Jiangxi Province. Because there was a large river and Ganjiang River in its territory, it was simply called Gan.
15, Shandong Province. It is located east of Taihang Mountain and was named after it. The Ming Dynasty established the Shandong Provincial Administration and the Qing Dynasty was Shandong Province, and it was abbreviated as Lu.
16, Henan Province. Most of them are located south of the Yellow River. They belonged to Yuzhou in ancient times. They were established in Henan Province in the Yuan Dynasty, referred to as Yu.
17, Hubei Province. It is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, north of Dongting Lake. It was established in Hubei Province in the Qing Dynasty. In ancient times, some areas belonged to Ezhou, so it is referred to as E.
18, Hunan Province. Most of them are located in the south of Dongting Lake, and the Qing Dynasty was established in Hunan Province. Because there is a large river and Xiangjiang River in the territory, it is simply called Xiang.
19, Guangdong Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was Baiyue (Guangdong) land, and in the Song Dynasty, it was Guangnan East Road, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was Guangdong Province, referred to as Guangdong for short.
20, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Guilin County was established in Qin, Guangnan West Road was established in Song Dynasty, and Guangxi Province was established in Qing Dynasty. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established in 1958, known as Gui.
21, Hainan Province. It was called Hainan during the Three Kingdoms period. Qiongzhou Prefecture was established in the Ming Dynasty and Qiongya Road was the Qing Dynasty. In 1988, Guangdong Province was separated and established independently by Hainan Province, referred to as Qiong. Literally speaking, Hainan should also be named after its geographical location. Various titles about Hainan continued to emerge in the Song Dynasty. During his exile in Hainan, Su Dongpo wrote such a sentence, "Hainan's rare treasures are forged with a lot of wishes." Because the administrative center of Hainan Island has been located in the north of Hainan Island for a long time, and Qiongzhou is located in the south of the Qiongzhou Strait, the name of Hainan Island has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people since the Song Dynasty.
22, Sichuan Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the land of Shu Kingdom. The Northern Song Dynasty established the Four Roads of Chuanxia, the Yuan Dynasty established the Sichuan Province, and from the Ming and Qing Dynasties it was Sichuan Province, which was referred to as Sichuan or Shu for short.
23, Chongqing City. The Sui and Tang Dynasties belonged to Yuzhou. After being separated from Sichuan Province in 1997, it was established as a municipality directly under the central government, referred to as Yu. Many people know that the city of "Chongqing" was named after the Southern Song Dynasty. On the seventh day of the 16th year of Chunxi, Song Guangzong promoted his secret vassal "Kongzhou" to "Chongqing". The origin of Chongqing's name is likely to be that in order to celebrate the birthday of Empress Dowager Wu, Emperor Guangzong of Song renamed Qianfan, which he regarded as his other "family", to "Chongqing" Palace to celebrate the celebration, so that he will always remember this royal family of "Four Generations Chongqing" forever, and also remind himself not to forget the mission of "Zhongxing".
24, Guizhou Province. In the Qin Dynasty, the Qianzhong County was established, the Qianzhong Road was established, and the Guizhou Provincial Administration and the Qing Dynasty was established, and the Guizhou Province was established, which was referred to as Gui or Guizhou.
25, Yunnan Province. It was originally named after the province south of Yunling. It was the land of the Dian Kingdom during the Chu period of the Warring States Period. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was a province called Yun or Dian for short. Guizhou was named after Guishan, and Guiyang began to call "Guizhou" in the early Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, Guizhou was called "Jizhou", not "Guizhou".
26, Tibet Autonomous Region. The Tibet Autonomous Region was established in 1965, referred to as Tibet. Tibet comes from Wei Tibet, and "Western" is homophonic with "Western" in Mandarin, and has the name Tibet.
27, Shaanxi Province. Qing Dynasty was Shaanxi Province, referred to as Shaanxi or Qin. The term "Shaanxi" first appeared in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.According to the "Mandarin", the Western Zhou Dynasty King Cheng's reign was implemented. The feudal of Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong was bounded by " Shaanxi Yuan " (now Shan County, Henan Province), with the east being "Shaandong", which was under the jurisdiction of Zhao Gong; the west being "Shaanxi", which was under the jurisdiction of Zhou Gong. At that time, Shaanxi mainly refers to the Guanzhong region actually controlled by the Zhou Dynasty and the Tianshui generation in Gansu. The name "Shaanxi" has been passed down to this day.
28, Gansu Province. The Qin Dynasty established , Longxi County, and the Qing Dynasty established Gansu Province, which was referred to as Gan or Long. Gansu is composed of the first characters of Ganzhou (now Zhangye) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan).
29, Qinghai Province. Because it has Qinghai Lake in the territory, it was named after Xihai, Heyuan and other counties in the Sui Dynasty. Qinghai Province was established in 1928, referred to as Qing.
30, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Ningxia Province was established in 1928, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958, known as Ningxia. In the middle of the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty established the "Xixia Zhongxing Province" with the former land of Xixia (from Hetao to the east to the west to the Hexi region 1) and was established. It also means "Still peace in the summer", and is renamed "Ningxia Province".
31. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The name Xinjiang has another meaning. After Zuo Zongtang recovered Xinjiang from Agubai in 1878, the Tsarist Russian invaders were forced to return to the Yili area in 1882. Therefore, Zuo Zongtang strongly advocated building a province in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. In his memorial to the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, he called Xinjiang "a place where other clans forced themselves, and the hometown was new." Therefore, the name of Xinjiang as a province has a new meaning. That is, Xinjiang has been an inherent territory of China since ancient times, but because it was a lost territory newly recovered from Agubo and Tsarist Russia, it was named Xinjiang as a province, which means "the old land is new to return." In 1884, Xinjiang was established as a province and officially named Xinjiang Province. Traditionally speaking, the term "Xinjiang" has become a special noun specifically referring to the Western Regions of China and has been used to this day. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established in 1955, referred to as Xin.
32. Taiwan Province was established in the early Qing Dynasty. It belongs to Fujian Province. It was established in 1885. Taiwan Province is referred to as Taiwan. "Taiwan" (Chinese Pinyin: Táiwān) is a community name originating from the "Taiwowan" community of the indigenous Siraya people living in Anping, Tainan. It means a coastal place.
33. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It was originally named after the place name transporting Dongxiang. It belonged to Xin'an County, Guangdong Province (now Shenzhen City) in the Qing Dynasty. It was occupied by Britain after 1842 and returned to China on July 1, 1997, and established the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, referred to as Hong Kong.
34, Macao Special Administrative Region. It was formerly owned by Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province (now Zhongshan City ), and was occupied by Portugal in the 16th century. It was returned to China on December 20, 1999 and established the Macao Special Administrative Region, referred to as Macao. In short, the name of "Macau" is named after the terrain, that is, the place is located in a bay, with mountains confronting north and south, so it is named after it.
35. Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The Xinjiang Corps was established on October 7, 1954. In October 1954, the central government ordered most of the Second and Sixth Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, most of the Fifth Army, and all of the 22nd Corps to be stationed in Xinjiang, to be transferred on site, separated from the sequence of the national defense force, and to form the "China People's Liberation Army Xinjiang Military Region Production and Construction Corps", and to accept the dual leadership of the Xinjiang Military Region and the Xinjiang Branch of the CPC Central Committee. Its mission is to combine labor and military service and settle the border. The Xinjiang Corps is simply called "corps" or "army". In December 1981, the central government decided to restore the corps system, and the name was changed from the original "Production and Construction Corps of the Xinjiang Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" to the "Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps".
3. Ideas for the reform of provincial administrative divisions in my country
(I) Specific methods for demarcating provinces and regions to adjust the scale of provincial administrative divisions
1. Beijing and surrounding areas
For the Qinhuangdao , Tangshan , Chengde , Zhangjiakou , and Zhanjiakou , and Sanhe , Dachang and Xianghe 3 cities and counties surrounded by Beijing and Tianjin, which are affiliated with Langfang, Hebei, it is recommended to be classified as Beijing. This will be conducive to the radiation effect of Beijing metropolis and promote the economic development of relatively backward areas in Beijing, North Beijing and JD . In order to achieve the completeness of the zoning map, Tianjin Ji County was also included in its administrative region.The former municipalities directly under the central government are often higher than other administrative regions in administrative levels or leadership levels, but their zoning scope is relatively small, which is not very commensurate with the high-level administrative level. If adjusted according to such a plan, the area of Beijing's urban provinces will reach more than 110,000 square kilometers and the population will reach more than 30 million. As the capital's administrative level is higher than that of other administrative regions. Some centrally-affiliated units and Beijing-affiliated units (such as Beidaihe, etc.) that were originally located in Hebei Province have also escaped the embarrassment of enclave status.
2. Added Shenzhen and Dalian two municipalities directly under the central government
According to the conditions for establishing municipalities directly under the central government, Shenzhen and Dalian are added as municipalities directly under the central government, and are renamed urban provinces. According to the 2004 ranking of GDP in mainland China, the top 20 cities are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Wuxi , Chengdu, Qingdao, Ningbo, Dalian, Wuhan, Nanjing, Shenyang, Harbin, Foshan , Shijiazhuang, and Jinan. Among these cities, only Shenzhen and Dalian meet the standards for setting up the municipalities mentioned above (the registered population of Dalian exceeds 2.68 million, and the registered population of Shenzhen exceeds 1.65 million. If the temporary population is included, the population size exceeds 10 million). Several other non-provincial capital cities, Suzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo and Foshan, cannot be selected because of insufficient urban population size and too close to existing municipalities and provincial capital cities. Qingdao is more suitable for provincial capital because it has a certain radiation range. For Chongqing, which is in the original administrative division, the zoning scope is too large, and it is recommended to define the community area.
3. Northeast region
In the adjacent areas of Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the northeast region, a provincial area can be formed with Qiqihar as the center, and a province is formed with Qiqihar as the provincial capital. Because it spans the small and small Xing'an Mountains and contains Xing'an League , most areas can be called Xing'an Province. Considering that Harbin's urban radiation effect is much greater than that of Qiqihar, and Daqing is a typical resource-based city with weaker radiation capacity, the two counties of Lindian and Dulbert in Daqing City were included in Xing'an Province. The establishment of this province has basically reached a consensus among a considerable number of zoning experts and enthusiasts. The issue of belonging to Tongliao and Chifeng areas is a headache. During the Republic of China, this place was under the jurisdiction of Rehe Province and Liaoning Province. In the 1970s after the founding of New China, this area was divided into Jilin and Liaoning for a period of time, and the zoning pattern was not ideal. However, if the Tongliao and Chifeng areas were not divided from Inner Mongolia, it would destroy the integrity of the entire Northeast economic region. Therefore, it is recommended to combine Tongliao, Chifeng and Baicheng City in Jilin Province to establish a province (tentatively named Liaobei Province), with the capital of Tongliao.
4. Jiaodong region
As the central city of Jiaodong region, Qingdao can fully cover four prefecture-level cities: Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Weifang and some areas of Rizhao. It is recommended to establish a province with Qingdao as the provincial capital.
5. The Huaihe River Basin
The four provinces of Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu in this region are all large population provinces. It is recommended to set up two provinces in this region with Fuyang and Xuzhou as provincial capitals, and are tentatively named Huaiyang Province and Yihe Province to effectively decompose the population size of Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu Province.
6. The border area of Henan and Hubei
This area has established a new province with Xiangfan as the provincial capital, temporarily named Hanjiang Province. Its jurisdiction basically includes Xiangfan City, Shiyan City, Nanyang City and Suizhou City (except Guangshui), which can effectively relieve the traffic pressure on the Beijing-Guangzhou Line.
7. Three Gorges Region
has long been the opinion on establishing a province in the Three Gorges Region, but later the establishment of Chongqing municipality, no one will discuss it again. However, Chongqing does not include the entire Three Gorges Reservoir Area, especially Yichang City, which is not far from the Three Gorges Dam site. As the provincial capital city that manages the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang is located near the Three Gorges Dam, which is far more suitable for Chongqing to manage the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Now we need to re-dividend the province, and it seems inevitable to add another province in the Three Gorges area. It is recommended to establish the Three Gorges Province in this area with Yichang as the provincial capital, and at the same time narrow the jurisdiction of Chongqing. Because the Zhiliu Railway facilitates the transportation between Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Zhangjiajie City and Yichang, the above two cities and prefectures should be included in the Three Gorges Province.
8. The border area of Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong
In the border area of these provinces, Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, is northeast, Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, is southwest, and Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province, is slightly west. In the intervening area, a larger area centered on Guilin is naturally formed away from the capitals of each province. The Zhuang population of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the region. The proportion of Zhuang population in Guilin, Hezhou, Wuzhou, Yulin, Beihai and Guigang City in the eastern part is relatively low, and the residents are mainly Han and other ethnic minorities. It is recommended to demarcate the above-mentioned areas from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and form a new province with neighboring provinces far from the provincial capital.
Guilin City was previously the capital of Guangxi Province. It has a moderate distance from nearby provincial capital cities and has rich cultural and tourism resources. It plans to form a province (temporarily named Guilin Province or Guangbei Province) here. Its jurisdiction includes Guilin, Hezhou, Guangxi, and three counties in northern Liuzhou, Yongzhou in southwest Hunan and some areas of Shaoyang and Huaihua. At the same time, Tianzhu, Jinping, Liping and Congjiang counties of Southeast Guidong Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture can also be divided into the four counties of Tianzhu, Jinping, Liping and Congjiang in southeast Guizhou. In addition, a province was established with Zhanjiang as the provincial capital in the junction of Guangxi and Guangdong (temporary name is Guangnan Province ), and its jurisdiction includes some counties and cities in Guangxi Wuzhou, Yulin, Beihai and Guigang, Qinzhou , and Zhanjiang, Maoming , Yangjiang and Luoding City in Guangdong. The establishment of this province can increase the connection between the Wuzhou area and the coastal areas and promote the economic development of these areas.
9. The junction of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi
Meizhou , Heyuan, Ganzhou and Jiangxi junction of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi The western region is basically the Hakka settlements. Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, and Jiangxi Shanwei is the Minnan Chaoshan dialect area. It is recommended to establish a province with Xingning as the provincial capital in the above-mentioned areas, temporarily named Meishan Province. Many zoning experts and enthusiasts agree to establishing a province in this area.
10. The junction of Sichuan-Shaanxi and Sichuan-Yunnan
Sichuan is relatively large in area and has a large population. The five cities of Dazhou, Bazhong, Guangyuan, Nanchong and Guang'an in the northeast are far away from the provincial capital Chengdu. However, Shanxi and Dabashan and Micang Mountains between northeastern Sichuan are much lower than those of the Qinling Mountains. It may be better to jointly form a province with southern Shaanxi and northeastern Sichuan, and tentatively named northern Sichuan Province (The two cities of Hanzhong and Ankang in southern Shaanxi are located south of the Qinling Mountains, and Natural geography . The regional culture is quite different from central and northern Shaanxi. Moreover, due to the obstruction of the Qinling Mountains, the transportation between these two cities and the provincial capital Xi'an is inconvenient. Although the Xikang Railway has been built in recent years, its role is still limited).
is just more difficult to choose a provincial capital in this area. In terms of geographical centers, Bazhong should be selected, but the city in Bazhong is small in size, poor traffic conditions, and lacks room for development; in terms of the largest city, Nanchong should be selected, but Nanchong is too south-south, and is very close to the two original provincial capital cities in the basin, which is not conducive to the city's own development and driving the whole province; and the geographical location of Hanzhong, Ankang and Guangyuan cities is more biased, and they are repeatedly weighed, taking into account factors such as the central location, traffic conditions, and distance from the existing provincial capital cities, it is believed that Dazhou is the best. For example, a new provincial capital is built in the Sanhui Town near Dazhou. This subway can connect Chengdu, Chongqing and Ankang. Dazhu, about 30 kilometers south, is the intersection of multiple major highways, and it is also convenient for water transportation, which should be the best choice.
. Some people also suggest that Hanzhong and Ankang be retained in Shaanxi Province, and the north be separated, and a new province will be formed with the Qingyang area of Gansu, with the capital located in Yan'an. This division was also conceived, but later I felt that the population density in northern Shaanxi was small, and the scale of a separate province was slightly smaller. Moreover, the natural ecological damage in Yan'an was severe, the water source was insufficient, and the city lacked space for development, so I gave up the idea of building a separate province in northern Shaanxi. The capitals of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces are very far away and the transportation is inconvenient. The province is established here, temporarily named Nanchuan Province, and is abbreviated as Jun, which originated from the place name "Yuejun" during the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. This province includes all cities and counties of Sichuan, including Yibin , Luzhou, Neijiang, Zigong, Leshan, Panzhihua, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Hanyuan, Asbestos and Kowloon, as well as all cities and counties under Zhaotong City, Yunnan.In the provincial capital Yibin, Xuanbin is closer to the population center of this province than Xichang or Panzhihua (most of the population of this province lives in the five eastern cities), and the transportation conditions are better.
11. Gansu, Ningxia and western Inner Mongolia
In Gansu Province, the east and west are too narrow and long. The natural geographical and cultural differences between the Hexi Corridor area in the northwest of Wushaoling and the area south of Wushaoling and Lanzhou as the center are quite different, and the distance is relatively long and the transportation is inconvenient. The three banners in the western part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were under the jurisdiction of Gansu and Ningxia before 1955. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate the Gansu Hexi Corridor area with the Ejina Banner and Alxan Right Banner in the western part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to establish a new province, which will be conducive to comprehensive management of the Heihe Basin and the Badain Jilin Desert. Because its location is located in the old land of Ganzhou (Zhangye) and Suzhou (Jiuquan), this province is named after Gansu Province, and the province centered on Lanzhou is named Longxi Province. In accordance with the principle of convenient transportation, some cities and counties in Pingliang area east of Liupanshan and Qingyang area were assigned to Shaanxi. As for Alaxan Left Banner and Wuhai City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, because they are close to Ningxia, they are still assigned to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, so that Ningxia can coordinate the Tengger Desert, its wind and sand source.
12. Qinghai and Tibet
originally wanted to move the Qinghai Provincial Capital west to Golmud and transfer the Xining area to the province where Lanzhou is located to balance the radiation area of the provincial capital. However, this may cause fatal damage to the already very fragile ecological environment in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Qaidam Basin, which is not conducive to environmental protection. Therefore, it is better to maintain the status quo in Qinghai Province. Tibet has an area of more than 1.2 million square kilometers, but its population is only 2.5 million. In order to achieve the goal of a general balance of population and area of provincial administrative regions and take into account ethnic factors, it is better to maintain the current situation in Tibet's jurisdiction.
13. Xinjiang
Xinjiang has a total area of 1.66 million square kilometers and a population of more than 25 million, making it the largest area among provincial administrative regions in the country. It is recommended to split it with Tianshan as the boundary. Tianshan Mountain is a natural geographical boundary and a natural barrier, causing extremely inconvenient transportation between the north and the south; in terms of ethnic composition, the differences between southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang are also large. Southern Xinjiang is dominated by Uyghurs, and an autonomous region is still established. The capital is located in Aksu (comprehensively considering factors such as population center of gravity, transportation center, and water source). The northern border was filled with ethnic groups such as Han, Hui, Kazakhstan, and Uyghur. It is recommended to set up a province in the northern border, and the provincial capital is still Urumqi.
14.Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
Since there are still considerable differences in politics, economy, culture and other aspects between Hong Kong, Macao and the mainland, the integration with it is not considered for the time being, and the title and boundary of its special administrative region will still be retained. Taiwan Province has not returned yet, so it is not advisable to imagine its zoning adjustments.
(II) Plan for demarcating provinces and regions to adjust the scale of provincial administrative divisions
1. Urban province
Beijing Metropolitan Province, with jurisdiction over Beijing; in northern Hebei Province, the four cities of Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Chengde and Zhangjiakou, the three counties of Sanhe, Dachang and Xianghe in Langfang City; in Tianjin Ji County, an area of 116,360 square kilometers and a population of 30.46 million, referred to as Beijing.
Tianjin Metropolitan Province, the jurisdiction is Tianjin City except Ji County, with an area of 9,945 square kilometers and a population of 8.38 million.
is referred to as Tianjin for short.
Dalian Metropolitan Province, the jurisdiction is Dalian City, Liaoning Province, with an area of 13,160 square kilometers and a population of 5.52 million, referred to as Da.
Shanghai metropolitan province, the jurisdiction is unchanged, with an area of 5,800 square kilometers and a population of 16.74 million, referred to as Shanghai.
Shenzhen Metropolitan Province, the jurisdiction is Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Huizhou City (except Longmen), and the eastern part of Dongguan is included in the establishment of Zhangmutou District, with an area of 11,700 square kilometers and a population of 4.24 million, referred to as Shenzhen.
Chongqing Metropolitan Province, the jurisdiction area is the existing Chongqing area except Chengkou, Wushan, Fengjie, Wuxi, Yunyang, Kaixian and Wanzhou.
In 1981, the state decided to restore the corps formation. In 1990, the Corps' national economic and social development plan was listed separately in the country. In 1996, 1997 and 2007, in order to further increase support for the Corps and improve the development environment of the Corps, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council successively issued important documents on strengthening the Corps' work. The Xinjiang Corps began to establish a city and build a town, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps has become a provincial administrative region. Currently, the Corps has 14 divisions, 10 established cities and 149 regiments. The State Council issued a document to rank the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps with all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.As of July 2022, my country has a total of 32 provincial administrative units (including: 23 provinces, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government, 5 autonomous regions), 2 special administrative regions and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. That is, what we see today is Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet Autonomous Region, Chongqing, Hainan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
2. The origin of the provincial administrative region and its abbreviation is
1. Beijing. Beijing is an ancient capital with a history of more than 3,000 years. It has different titles in different dynasties, and roughly has more than 20 alias. It was first called Ji, and it was Yandu in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. It was the capital during the Liao Dynasty, and it was called Yanjing. It was the capital during the Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It was established in 1928, referred to as Beijing. Compared with Nanjing, Peking is called Beijing.
2, Tianjin. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Emperor Jindu was appointed as Tianjin and Wei, and the Qing Dynasty was governed by Tianjin Prefecture. In 1928, it was established as Tianjin.
3. Hebei Province is named after it is located north of the Yellow River of . The Yuan Dynasty belongs to the Central Secretariat , and was named Zhili in the Qing Dynasty. It was called Hebei Province in 1928, and was abbreviated as Hebei.
4, Shanxi Province. Located west of Taihang Mountain, it is therefore called "Shanxi". In the spring and autumn , it was the State of Jin. The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Shanxi Road, the Secretariat Province, and the Qing Dynasty was Shanxi Province, which was abbreviated as Jin.
5. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In the Qing Dynasty, the early Mongolian tribes attached to the south of the desert were called "Nezhazak Mongolia", and the later sected Khalkha, Erut and other tribes "Unizhazak Mongolia", and the Chahar, Tanuwulianghai tribes that did not have sac, were called "Inner Mongolia". "Nezhazak Mongolia" later evolved into the term "Inner Mongolia". In Mongolian, the name of Inner Mongolia was originally the same as that of Chinese. In 1947, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government changed the Mongolian name to. Among them, Mongolian means "the sunny side of the mountain" that is "the south side of the Yin Mountain". Chinese is generally still called "Inner Mongolia", and a few people also call this area the word originated from Mongolia in southern desert, which is literally translated as "Southern Mongolia". The Qing Dynasty was the Inner Mongolia region and established the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947, referred to as Inner Mongolia for short.
6, Liaoning Province. It was named after the Liaohe River in its territory. It was named Shengjing in the early Qing Dynasty, and later changed to Fengtian Province. In 1929, it was changed to Liaoning Province, abbreviated as Liao.
7, Jilin Province. Because Jilin City in the territory was named after the province, it was the land of Bohai, and the land of Jurchen in the Ming Dynasty. Jilin Province was established in the late Qing Dynasty, and abbreviated as Jilin.
8, Heilongjiang Province. Because the border river Heilongjiang was named after the province, it was the jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang General in the early Qing Dynasty. Heilongjiang Province was established in the late Qing Dynasty, and abbreviated as Heilongjiang Province.
9, Shanghai. According to legend, a section near the Wusong River was called Hudu in ancient times. It was established in the Song Dynasty and was first called Shanghai. It was established in 1920, and was referred to as Hu or Shen for short. During the Jin Dynasty, fishermen created the fishing tool "Hu", and the river flowed into the sea was called "Du", so the area in the lower reaches of Songjiang was called "Hudu", and later changed to "Hu", so Shanghai was called "Hu". In 1292, the Yuan Dynasty demarcated Shanghai Town from Huating County and approved the establishment of Shanghai County, marking the beginning of Shanghai's founding. According to Professor Tan Qixiang's "The Year of the Founding of Shanghai and the Establishment of Towns", as well as the analysis of other historical materials and the surrounding environment, it is certain that a settlement site of residents named Shanghai should have appeared in the 10th century AD, which is the late period of the Five Dynasties of or the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty in history.Why is the name of a settlement called "Shanghai"? That's because this settlement appears on the edge of a river, a tributary of the Wusong River and is named "Shanghai Pu". Near it, there is a river called "Xiahaipu". The settlement in Shanghai appears next to "Shanghai Pu", so the name of the settlement is "Shanghai".
10, Jiangsu Province. In the early Qing Dynasty, it belonged to , Jiangnan Province, and later took one character of Jiangning (Nanjing) and Suzhou, and established Jiangsu Province, which was referred to as Su for short.
11, Zhejiang Province. There is a Dahe Qiantang River (formerly known as Zhejiang) in the territory. The Tang Dynasty established two roads in the east and west of Zhejiang, and was first called Zhejiang. The Qing Dynasty was Zhejiang Province, and it was called Zhejiang for short.
12, Anhui Province. At the time of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Anhui Mountain (now Guishan) was near Anbo's fiefdom. In the early Qing Dynasty, Anqing and Huizhou were taken one character each with Anhui Province, which was abbreviated as Anhui Province.
13, Fujian Province. In the Tang Dynasty, one character was taken from Fuzhou and Jianzhou, and the "Fujian General Envoy" was established. The Southern Song Dynasty established 1 prefecture, 5 prefectures and 2 armies, so it was called Bamin. Because the largest water system in the territory was Minjiang , it was called Fujian.
14, Jiangxi Province. The Tang Dynasty belonged to the West Road in Jiangnan, the Song Dynasty belonged to the East and West Roads in Jiangnan, and the Yuan Dynasty established the Jiangxi Province, and the Qing Dynasty became Jiangxi Province. Because there was a large river and Ganjiang River in its territory, it was simply called Gan.
15, Shandong Province. It is located east of Taihang Mountain and was named after it. The Ming Dynasty established the Shandong Provincial Administration and the Qing Dynasty was Shandong Province, and it was abbreviated as Lu.
16, Henan Province. Most of them are located south of the Yellow River. They belonged to Yuzhou in ancient times. They were established in Henan Province in the Yuan Dynasty, referred to as Yu.
17, Hubei Province. It is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, north of Dongting Lake. It was established in Hubei Province in the Qing Dynasty. In ancient times, some areas belonged to Ezhou, so it is referred to as E.
18, Hunan Province. Most of them are located in the south of Dongting Lake, and the Qing Dynasty was established in Hunan Province. Because there is a large river and Xiangjiang River in the territory, it is simply called Xiang.
19, Guangdong Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was Baiyue (Guangdong) land, and in the Song Dynasty, it was Guangnan East Road, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was Guangdong Province, referred to as Guangdong for short.
20, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Guilin County was established in Qin, Guangnan West Road was established in Song Dynasty, and Guangxi Province was established in Qing Dynasty. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established in 1958, known as Gui.
21, Hainan Province. It was called Hainan during the Three Kingdoms period. Qiongzhou Prefecture was established in the Ming Dynasty and Qiongya Road was the Qing Dynasty. In 1988, Guangdong Province was separated and established independently by Hainan Province, referred to as Qiong. Literally speaking, Hainan should also be named after its geographical location. Various titles about Hainan continued to emerge in the Song Dynasty. During his exile in Hainan, Su Dongpo wrote such a sentence, "Hainan's rare treasures are forged with a lot of wishes." Because the administrative center of Hainan Island has been located in the north of Hainan Island for a long time, and Qiongzhou is located in the south of the Qiongzhou Strait, the name of Hainan Island has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people since the Song Dynasty.
22, Sichuan Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the land of Shu Kingdom. The Northern Song Dynasty established the Four Roads of Chuanxia, the Yuan Dynasty established the Sichuan Province, and from the Ming and Qing Dynasties it was Sichuan Province, which was referred to as Sichuan or Shu for short.
23, Chongqing City. The Sui and Tang Dynasties belonged to Yuzhou. After being separated from Sichuan Province in 1997, it was established as a municipality directly under the central government, referred to as Yu. Many people know that the city of "Chongqing" was named after the Southern Song Dynasty. On the seventh day of the 16th year of Chunxi, Song Guangzong promoted his secret vassal "Kongzhou" to "Chongqing". The origin of Chongqing's name is likely to be that in order to celebrate the birthday of Empress Dowager Wu, Emperor Guangzong of Song renamed Qianfan, which he regarded as his other "family", to "Chongqing" Palace to celebrate the celebration, so that he will always remember this royal family of "Four Generations Chongqing" forever, and also remind himself not to forget the mission of "Zhongxing".
24, Guizhou Province. In the Qin Dynasty, the Qianzhong County was established, the Qianzhong Road was established, and the Guizhou Provincial Administration and the Qing Dynasty was established, and the Guizhou Province was established, which was referred to as Gui or Guizhou.
25, Yunnan Province. It was originally named after the province south of Yunling. It was the land of the Dian Kingdom during the Chu period of the Warring States Period. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was a province called Yun or Dian for short. Guizhou was named after Guishan, and Guiyang began to call "Guizhou" in the early Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, Guizhou was called "Jizhou", not "Guizhou".
26, Tibet Autonomous Region. The Tibet Autonomous Region was established in 1965, referred to as Tibet. Tibet comes from Wei Tibet, and "Western" is homophonic with "Western" in Mandarin, and has the name Tibet.
27, Shaanxi Province. Qing Dynasty was Shaanxi Province, referred to as Shaanxi or Qin. The term "Shaanxi" first appeared in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.According to the "Mandarin", the Western Zhou Dynasty King Cheng's reign was implemented. The feudal of Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong was bounded by " Shaanxi Yuan " (now Shan County, Henan Province), with the east being "Shaandong", which was under the jurisdiction of Zhao Gong; the west being "Shaanxi", which was under the jurisdiction of Zhou Gong. At that time, Shaanxi mainly refers to the Guanzhong region actually controlled by the Zhou Dynasty and the Tianshui generation in Gansu. The name "Shaanxi" has been passed down to this day.
28, Gansu Province. The Qin Dynasty established , Longxi County, and the Qing Dynasty established Gansu Province, which was referred to as Gan or Long. Gansu is composed of the first characters of Ganzhou (now Zhangye) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan).
29, Qinghai Province. Because it has Qinghai Lake in the territory, it was named after Xihai, Heyuan and other counties in the Sui Dynasty. Qinghai Province was established in 1928, referred to as Qing.
30, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Ningxia Province was established in 1928, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958, known as Ningxia. In the middle of the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty established the "Xixia Zhongxing Province" with the former land of Xixia (from Hetao to the east to the west to the Hexi region 1) and was established. It also means "Still peace in the summer", and is renamed "Ningxia Province".
31. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The name Xinjiang has another meaning. After Zuo Zongtang recovered Xinjiang from Agubai in 1878, the Tsarist Russian invaders were forced to return to the Yili area in 1882. Therefore, Zuo Zongtang strongly advocated building a province in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. In his memorial to the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, he called Xinjiang "a place where other clans forced themselves, and the hometown was new." Therefore, the name of Xinjiang as a province has a new meaning. That is, Xinjiang has been an inherent territory of China since ancient times, but because it was a lost territory newly recovered from Agubo and Tsarist Russia, it was named Xinjiang as a province, which means "the old land is new to return." In 1884, Xinjiang was established as a province and officially named Xinjiang Province. Traditionally speaking, the term "Xinjiang" has become a special noun specifically referring to the Western Regions of China and has been used to this day. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established in 1955, referred to as Xin.
32. Taiwan Province was established in the early Qing Dynasty. It belongs to Fujian Province. It was established in 1885. Taiwan Province is referred to as Taiwan. "Taiwan" (Chinese Pinyin: Táiwān) is a community name originating from the "Taiwowan" community of the indigenous Siraya people living in Anping, Tainan. It means a coastal place.
33. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It was originally named after the place name transporting Dongxiang. It belonged to Xin'an County, Guangdong Province (now Shenzhen City) in the Qing Dynasty. It was occupied by Britain after 1842 and returned to China on July 1, 1997, and established the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, referred to as Hong Kong.
34, Macao Special Administrative Region. It was formerly owned by Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province (now Zhongshan City ), and was occupied by Portugal in the 16th century. It was returned to China on December 20, 1999 and established the Macao Special Administrative Region, referred to as Macao. In short, the name of "Macau" is named after the terrain, that is, the place is located in a bay, with mountains confronting north and south, so it is named after it.
35. Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The Xinjiang Corps was established on October 7, 1954. In October 1954, the central government ordered most of the Second and Sixth Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, most of the Fifth Army, and all of the 22nd Corps to be stationed in Xinjiang, to be transferred on site, separated from the sequence of the national defense force, and to form the "China People's Liberation Army Xinjiang Military Region Production and Construction Corps", and to accept the dual leadership of the Xinjiang Military Region and the Xinjiang Branch of the CPC Central Committee. Its mission is to combine labor and military service and settle the border. The Xinjiang Corps is simply called "corps" or "army". In December 1981, the central government decided to restore the corps system, and the name was changed from the original "Production and Construction Corps of the Xinjiang Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" to the "Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps".
3. Ideas for the reform of provincial administrative divisions in my country
(I) Specific methods for demarcating provinces and regions to adjust the scale of provincial administrative divisions
1. Beijing and surrounding areas
For the Qinhuangdao , Tangshan , Chengde , Zhangjiakou , and Zhanjiakou , and Sanhe , Dachang and Xianghe 3 cities and counties surrounded by Beijing and Tianjin, which are affiliated with Langfang, Hebei, it is recommended to be classified as Beijing. This will be conducive to the radiation effect of Beijing metropolis and promote the economic development of relatively backward areas in Beijing, North Beijing and JD . In order to achieve the completeness of the zoning map, Tianjin Ji County was also included in its administrative region.The former municipalities directly under the central government are often higher than other administrative regions in administrative levels or leadership levels, but their zoning scope is relatively small, which is not very commensurate with the high-level administrative level. If adjusted according to such a plan, the area of Beijing's urban provinces will reach more than 110,000 square kilometers and the population will reach more than 30 million. As the capital's administrative level is higher than that of other administrative regions. Some centrally-affiliated units and Beijing-affiliated units (such as Beidaihe, etc.) that were originally located in Hebei Province have also escaped the embarrassment of enclave status.
2. Added Shenzhen and Dalian two municipalities directly under the central government
According to the conditions for establishing municipalities directly under the central government, Shenzhen and Dalian are added as municipalities directly under the central government, and are renamed urban provinces. According to the 2004 ranking of GDP in mainland China, the top 20 cities are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Wuxi , Chengdu, Qingdao, Ningbo, Dalian, Wuhan, Nanjing, Shenyang, Harbin, Foshan , Shijiazhuang, and Jinan. Among these cities, only Shenzhen and Dalian meet the standards for setting up the municipalities mentioned above (the registered population of Dalian exceeds 2.68 million, and the registered population of Shenzhen exceeds 1.65 million. If the temporary population is included, the population size exceeds 10 million). Several other non-provincial capital cities, Suzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo and Foshan, cannot be selected because of insufficient urban population size and too close to existing municipalities and provincial capital cities. Qingdao is more suitable for provincial capital because it has a certain radiation range. For Chongqing, which is in the original administrative division, the zoning scope is too large, and it is recommended to define the community area.
3. Northeast region
In the adjacent areas of Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the northeast region, a provincial area can be formed with Qiqihar as the center, and a province is formed with Qiqihar as the provincial capital. Because it spans the small and small Xing'an Mountains and contains Xing'an League , most areas can be called Xing'an Province. Considering that Harbin's urban radiation effect is much greater than that of Qiqihar, and Daqing is a typical resource-based city with weaker radiation capacity, the two counties of Lindian and Dulbert in Daqing City were included in Xing'an Province. The establishment of this province has basically reached a consensus among a considerable number of zoning experts and enthusiasts. The issue of belonging to Tongliao and Chifeng areas is a headache. During the Republic of China, this place was under the jurisdiction of Rehe Province and Liaoning Province. In the 1970s after the founding of New China, this area was divided into Jilin and Liaoning for a period of time, and the zoning pattern was not ideal. However, if the Tongliao and Chifeng areas were not divided from Inner Mongolia, it would destroy the integrity of the entire Northeast economic region. Therefore, it is recommended to combine Tongliao, Chifeng and Baicheng City in Jilin Province to establish a province (tentatively named Liaobei Province), with the capital of Tongliao.
4. Jiaodong region
As the central city of Jiaodong region, Qingdao can fully cover four prefecture-level cities: Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Weifang and some areas of Rizhao. It is recommended to establish a province with Qingdao as the provincial capital.
5. The Huaihe River Basin
The four provinces of Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu in this region are all large population provinces. It is recommended to set up two provinces in this region with Fuyang and Xuzhou as provincial capitals, and are tentatively named Huaiyang Province and Yihe Province to effectively decompose the population size of Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu Province.
6. The border area of Henan and Hubei
This area has established a new province with Xiangfan as the provincial capital, temporarily named Hanjiang Province. Its jurisdiction basically includes Xiangfan City, Shiyan City, Nanyang City and Suizhou City (except Guangshui), which can effectively relieve the traffic pressure on the Beijing-Guangzhou Line.
7. Three Gorges Region
has long been the opinion on establishing a province in the Three Gorges Region, but later the establishment of Chongqing municipality, no one will discuss it again. However, Chongqing does not include the entire Three Gorges Reservoir Area, especially Yichang City, which is not far from the Three Gorges Dam site. As the provincial capital city that manages the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang is located near the Three Gorges Dam, which is far more suitable for Chongqing to manage the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Now we need to re-dividend the province, and it seems inevitable to add another province in the Three Gorges area. It is recommended to establish the Three Gorges Province in this area with Yichang as the provincial capital, and at the same time narrow the jurisdiction of Chongqing. Because the Zhiliu Railway facilitates the transportation between Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Zhangjiajie City and Yichang, the above two cities and prefectures should be included in the Three Gorges Province.
8. The border area of Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong
In the border area of these provinces, Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, is northeast, Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, is southwest, and Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province, is slightly west. In the intervening area, a larger area centered on Guilin is naturally formed away from the capitals of each province. The Zhuang population of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the region. The proportion of Zhuang population in Guilin, Hezhou, Wuzhou, Yulin, Beihai and Guigang City in the eastern part is relatively low, and the residents are mainly Han and other ethnic minorities. It is recommended to demarcate the above-mentioned areas from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and form a new province with neighboring provinces far from the provincial capital.
Guilin City was previously the capital of Guangxi Province. It has a moderate distance from nearby provincial capital cities and has rich cultural and tourism resources. It plans to form a province (temporarily named Guilin Province or Guangbei Province) here. Its jurisdiction includes Guilin, Hezhou, Guangxi, and three counties in northern Liuzhou, Yongzhou in southwest Hunan and some areas of Shaoyang and Huaihua. At the same time, Tianzhu, Jinping, Liping and Congjiang counties of Southeast Guidong Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture can also be divided into the four counties of Tianzhu, Jinping, Liping and Congjiang in southeast Guizhou. In addition, a province was established with Zhanjiang as the provincial capital in the junction of Guangxi and Guangdong (temporary name is Guangnan Province ), and its jurisdiction includes some counties and cities in Guangxi Wuzhou, Yulin, Beihai and Guigang, Qinzhou , and Zhanjiang, Maoming , Yangjiang and Luoding City in Guangdong. The establishment of this province can increase the connection between the Wuzhou area and the coastal areas and promote the economic development of these areas.
9. The junction of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi
Meizhou , Heyuan, Ganzhou and Jiangxi junction of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi The western region is basically the Hakka settlements. Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, and Jiangxi Shanwei is the Minnan Chaoshan dialect area. It is recommended to establish a province with Xingning as the provincial capital in the above-mentioned areas, temporarily named Meishan Province. Many zoning experts and enthusiasts agree to establishing a province in this area.
10. The junction of Sichuan-Shaanxi and Sichuan-Yunnan
Sichuan is relatively large in area and has a large population. The five cities of Dazhou, Bazhong, Guangyuan, Nanchong and Guang'an in the northeast are far away from the provincial capital Chengdu. However, Shanxi and Dabashan and Micang Mountains between northeastern Sichuan are much lower than those of the Qinling Mountains. It may be better to jointly form a province with southern Shaanxi and northeastern Sichuan, and tentatively named northern Sichuan Province (The two cities of Hanzhong and Ankang in southern Shaanxi are located south of the Qinling Mountains, and Natural geography . The regional culture is quite different from central and northern Shaanxi. Moreover, due to the obstruction of the Qinling Mountains, the transportation between these two cities and the provincial capital Xi'an is inconvenient. Although the Xikang Railway has been built in recent years, its role is still limited).
is just more difficult to choose a provincial capital in this area. In terms of geographical centers, Bazhong should be selected, but the city in Bazhong is small in size, poor traffic conditions, and lacks room for development; in terms of the largest city, Nanchong should be selected, but Nanchong is too south-south, and is very close to the two original provincial capital cities in the basin, which is not conducive to the city's own development and driving the whole province; and the geographical location of Hanzhong, Ankang and Guangyuan cities is more biased, and they are repeatedly weighed, taking into account factors such as the central location, traffic conditions, and distance from the existing provincial capital cities, it is believed that Dazhou is the best. For example, a new provincial capital is built in the Sanhui Town near Dazhou. This subway can connect Chengdu, Chongqing and Ankang. Dazhu, about 30 kilometers south, is the intersection of multiple major highways, and it is also convenient for water transportation, which should be the best choice.
. Some people also suggest that Hanzhong and Ankang be retained in Shaanxi Province, and the north be separated, and a new province will be formed with the Qingyang area of Gansu, with the capital located in Yan'an. This division was also conceived, but later I felt that the population density in northern Shaanxi was small, and the scale of a separate province was slightly smaller. Moreover, the natural ecological damage in Yan'an was severe, the water source was insufficient, and the city lacked space for development, so I gave up the idea of building a separate province in northern Shaanxi. The capitals of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces are very far away and the transportation is inconvenient. The province is established here, temporarily named Nanchuan Province, and is abbreviated as Jun, which originated from the place name "Yuejun" during the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. This province includes all cities and counties of Sichuan, including Yibin , Luzhou, Neijiang, Zigong, Leshan, Panzhihua, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Hanyuan, Asbestos and Kowloon, as well as all cities and counties under Zhaotong City, Yunnan.In the provincial capital Yibin, Xuanbin is closer to the population center of this province than Xichang or Panzhihua (most of the population of this province lives in the five eastern cities), and the transportation conditions are better.
11. Gansu, Ningxia and western Inner Mongolia
In Gansu Province, the east and west are too narrow and long. The natural geographical and cultural differences between the Hexi Corridor area in the northwest of Wushaoling and the area south of Wushaoling and Lanzhou as the center are quite different, and the distance is relatively long and the transportation is inconvenient. The three banners in the western part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were under the jurisdiction of Gansu and Ningxia before 1955. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate the Gansu Hexi Corridor area with the Ejina Banner and Alxan Right Banner in the western part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to establish a new province, which will be conducive to comprehensive management of the Heihe Basin and the Badain Jilin Desert. Because its location is located in the old land of Ganzhou (Zhangye) and Suzhou (Jiuquan), this province is named after Gansu Province, and the province centered on Lanzhou is named Longxi Province. In accordance with the principle of convenient transportation, some cities and counties in Pingliang area east of Liupanshan and Qingyang area were assigned to Shaanxi. As for Alaxan Left Banner and Wuhai City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, because they are close to Ningxia, they are still assigned to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, so that Ningxia can coordinate the Tengger Desert, its wind and sand source.
12. Qinghai and Tibet
originally wanted to move the Qinghai Provincial Capital west to Golmud and transfer the Xining area to the province where Lanzhou is located to balance the radiation area of the provincial capital. However, this may cause fatal damage to the already very fragile ecological environment in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Qaidam Basin, which is not conducive to environmental protection. Therefore, it is better to maintain the status quo in Qinghai Province. Tibet has an area of more than 1.2 million square kilometers, but its population is only 2.5 million. In order to achieve the goal of a general balance of population and area of provincial administrative regions and take into account ethnic factors, it is better to maintain the current situation in Tibet's jurisdiction.
13. Xinjiang
Xinjiang has a total area of 1.66 million square kilometers and a population of more than 25 million, making it the largest area among provincial administrative regions in the country. It is recommended to split it with Tianshan as the boundary. Tianshan Mountain is a natural geographical boundary and a natural barrier, causing extremely inconvenient transportation between the north and the south; in terms of ethnic composition, the differences between southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang are also large. Southern Xinjiang is dominated by Uyghurs, and an autonomous region is still established. The capital is located in Aksu (comprehensively considering factors such as population center of gravity, transportation center, and water source). The northern border was filled with ethnic groups such as Han, Hui, Kazakhstan, and Uyghur. It is recommended to set up a province in the northern border, and the provincial capital is still Urumqi.
14.Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
Since there are still considerable differences in politics, economy, culture and other aspects between Hong Kong, Macao and the mainland, the integration with it is not considered for the time being, and the title and boundary of its special administrative region will still be retained. Taiwan Province has not returned yet, so it is not advisable to imagine its zoning adjustments.
(II) Plan for demarcating provinces and regions to adjust the scale of provincial administrative divisions
1. Urban province
Beijing Metropolitan Province, with jurisdiction over Beijing; in northern Hebei Province, the four cities of Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Chengde and Zhangjiakou, the three counties of Sanhe, Dachang and Xianghe in Langfang City; in Tianjin Ji County, an area of 116,360 square kilometers and a population of 30.46 million, referred to as Beijing.
Tianjin Metropolitan Province, the jurisdiction is Tianjin City except Ji County, with an area of 9,945 square kilometers and a population of 8.38 million.
is referred to as Tianjin for short.
Dalian Metropolitan Province, the jurisdiction is Dalian City, Liaoning Province, with an area of 13,160 square kilometers and a population of 5.52 million, referred to as Da.
Shanghai metropolitan province, the jurisdiction is unchanged, with an area of 5,800 square kilometers and a population of 16.74 million, referred to as Shanghai.
Shenzhen Metropolitan Province, the jurisdiction is Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Huizhou City (except Longmen), and the eastern part of Dongguan is included in the establishment of Zhangmutou District, with an area of 11,700 square kilometers and a population of 4.24 million, referred to as Shenzhen.
Chongqing Metropolitan Province, the jurisdiction area is the existing Chongqing area except Chengkou, Wushan, Fengjie, Wuxi, Yunyang, Kaixian and Wanzhou.
